LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE (CHEMISTRY)

I. OBJECTIVE

1. To identify and explain the factors affecting the rate of chemical

reaction

I. SUBJECT MATTER

A. TOPIC
Factors Affecting the Rate of a Chemical Change

B. REFERENCES

Brown et. al., Chemistry: The Central Science 8th edition, Chemical
Kinetics, pp 509.

Mendoza et. al., Chemistry Textbook, Factors Affecting the Rate of

Chemical Reaction, pp 283 - 285

I. LEARNING TASKS

A. RECALL
Endothermic Reactions and Exothermic Reactions

B. MOTIVATION

An experiment that will show the factors that affect the rate of
chemical change.

C. LESSON PROPER

Teacher Activity Student Activity

Chemistry is, by its nature,

concerned with change. Chemical
reactions convert substances with well-
defined properties into other materials
with different properties. Much of our
study of chemical reactions is concerned
with the formation of new substances
from a given set of reactants. However, it
is equally important to understand how
rapidly chemical reactions occur. Our
everyday experience tells us that some
reactions are fast while others are slow.
And we wish to understand the factors
that control their rates.

Collision Theory

The collision theory is based on the

assumption that for a reaction to occur it
is necessary for the reacting species
(atoms or molecules) to come together or
collide with one another. A collision will
be effective in producing chemical
change only if the species brought
together possess a certain minimum
value of internal energy, equal to
the activation energy of the reaction.

The area of chemistry that is

concerned with the speeds or rates at
which reaction occur is called chemical
kinetics.
Sir, what are the factors that
affect the rate of chemical
reactions?

The rates of chemical reactions are

affected by several factors, most notably;

1. The concentrations of the

reactants.
2. The temperature at which the
reaction occurs.
3. The presence of a catalyst.
4. The surface area of solid or liquid
reactants.
 How do concentrations affect
the rate of chemical reactions?

Concentration

A higher concentration of reactants leads

to more effective collisions per unit time,
which leads to an increasing reaction
rate (except for zero order reactions).

As expected when the concentration

increases, more reactant particles collide
with other reactants particles.

How does temperature affect

For example, steel wool burns with the rate of chemical reactions?
difficulty in air, which contains 20% O2,
but burst into a brilliant white flame in
pure oxygen.

Temperature

All reaction velocities increase with an

increase in temperature. The faster the
reactant particles move, the greater the
chance they will collide and react with
each other. As a general rule, 10oC rise
in temperature increases the reaction
rate twice.

Temperature is a measure of the kinetic

energy of a system, so higher
temperature implies higher average
kinetic energy of molecules and more
collisions per unit time.

It is for these reasons, that we refrigerate

perishable food such as milk. The
bacterial reactions that lead to the
spoiling of milk proceed much more
rapidly at room temperature that they do
at the lower temperature of a refrigerator.

Catalyst

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up

a chemical reaction without itself
undergoing a chemical change.
Catalyst in organisms is called enzymes.

The physiology of most living species

depends crucially on enzymes, protein
molecules that act as catalysts, which
increase the rates of selected
biochemical reactions.

Surface Area

Reactions that involve solids often

proceed faster as the surface area of the
solid is increased.
 For example, a medicine in the form of a
tablet will dissolve in the stomach and
enter the bloodstream more slowly that
the same medicine in the form of fine
powder.

The reactivity of reactants depends upon

the ability to break some bonds and to
form new ones. Therefore, the nature of
the chemical substances involved is an
important controlling factor in a reaction.

I. EVALUATION

¼ crosswise paper.
1. _____ is the area of chemistry that is concerned with the speeds or rates
at which reaction occur.
2. ________ is based on the assumption that for a reaction to occur it is
necessary for the reacting species to collide with one another.

3- 6 enumerate the four factors that affect the rates of chemical reactions

7-10 give at least one example of each factors.

I. ASSIGNMENT

Give at least two examples of each factor.

Factors Affecting Chemical Example

Reactions
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst
Surface Area