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possess; any entity can not be considered a member of the class. However, by
themselves, the required properties does not ensure inclusion. Which places a unique
within a class is the set of properties enough, in the sense that the combination of features
ensures consideration as a member of the class. For example, a copy chlorophyll function
ascribed to the category of "vegetable". Vegetables have other features, but all these
vegetables and only perform the chlorophyll function, therefore, it is necessary and
sufficient condition. In physics, you get the concept of stability from two necessary and
sufficient properties: resilience or speed with which the system returns to its original
condition and strength or ability to withstand disturbances. The disparity is necessary
attribute of the concept of number 3, so that, although it has wider application (applied, for
example, 7) does not extend beyond the concept number. They are based on common
traits and defining properties that allow them to study the porpoises biologist, sociologist
address social classes, physical analysis of solids groupings. But how secure the
specialists and defining the distinctive notes of a class ?, what criteria they use ?, how
justified? It is not universal features lists without accumulated.
6 Cf. Aristotle (Analytica Posteriora, II 90b 30 et seq.). 7 issue of what criteria to find
common differential attributes to all members of a category appears beautifully expressed
in the cast of animals of the Chinese Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge
encyclopedia. As Eco (2011b: 30) points, with the listing of Borges, classification gets its
point of maximum heresy and blasphemy against each preformed logical order. There is
only a taste of the cast itself, this list is not just a recreational device, a literary game, "but
rather a form of knowledge, or of ignorance, a crisis of established knowledge. Therefore,
it is a rhetorical way to get close with the utmost respect. " 8 CFR. Aristotle and categories
below.
The first question, perhaps obvious, but it will be important later and needs to be clearly
established is that it is not possible to separate the attributes of their attributional sense:
you can not separate your criteria clasificatorio7 class.
In a conception in which the language is the mirror of nature (as in classical philosophy
which, as will be seen later, the concept is a universal calling) 8, the categorization can be
understood as a process of discovery is ascribed as a member of a unique class that has
the right to external reality remains hidden natural properties.
Under the program, however, by categorizing the specific sense of an entity it is built, that
is, the concept is the result of categories imposed on the wealth of experience for the
double tongue-speaking mediation. The selection of properties is a linguistic-discursive
construction. In the ways of knowing the intersection of conceptual work with the different
ways of naming and legitimate knowledge is recognized in every culture.
The relationship of ostriches with the kinds of birds or platypus with mammals and efforts
of natural scientists of the nineteenth century to understand them and to find a place within
a conceptual and linguistic Scheme 9, or the conceptualization of space before and after
relatividad10 theory are examples senses that the establishment of defining groups does
not give hallmarks of an external reality whose existence is independent of thought and
language. Some other cases. The Marxist concept of social class is formulated from a
property, position in production relations. However, other approaches determinations
impose new level of social formation and the political situation. In Bourdieu, to give but one
example, the concept of class can not be defined only by a property; although this is a
necessary property, it is not enough. It must also be defined in terms of possession or
dispossession of goods, the handling of certain assets related to the domination and