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Content
Introduction to EGAT
Principle of winding buckling in power
transformer
Case studies of the winding buckling in
power transformer in 2012
Conclusion
Introduction to EGAT
About EGAT
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
(EGAT) is a state enterprise under the Ministry of
Energy for generating, providing, transmissioning
electrical power in Thailand
EGAT
45% ,
15,010.13
MW
Thermal stresses
Such as overload ,malfunction of cooling equipment.
Mechanical stresses
Such as inrush current ,External short circuit
conditions.
8
Fig. shows the tangential stress caused by radial forces in core-type power transformer.
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Inner winding
Outer winding
11
Buckling
Spiraling
12
Winding buckling
The presence of
buckled segment , which
changes the coupling of the
leakage flux to the winding
and a geometric of the
winding , results in the
change of ;
Leakage reactance.
Winding capacitance.
Frequency response of
winding.
13
14
Fig. shows the power transformer ,50MVA , 115-22 kV ,Vector group Dyn1
which found LV winding buckling (x2-x0) of both cases.
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16
Tap
Case 1 :
Case 2 :
First
()
7L
124.330
2R 89.950
10R 67.400
% Deviation
Tap
(21 May,2012)
128.711
92.892
69.870
3.52%
3.27%
3.66%
7L
2R
10R
123.410 126.590
89.780
92.205
66.620
68.815
2.58%
2.70%
3.29%
Tap
Case 1 :
Case 2 :
test Latest
()
test %
Deviation
123.290
89.350
66.620
123.156
89.290
66.630
test % Deviation
(17 September,
2012)
(21 May,2012)
7L
2R
10R
-0.11%
-0.07%
0.01%
7L
2R
10R
123.320 122.940
89.135
89.225
66.470
66.300
-0.31%
0.10%
-0.26%
Case 2 :
Tap
test Latest
()
test %
Deviation
Tap
(21 May,2012)
7L
2R
10R
123.580
89.400
66.770
123.228
89.760
66.725
-0.28%
0.40%
-0.06%
test %
Deviation
(17 September,
2012)
7L
2R
10R
123.160
89.650
66.315
122.330
88.840
66.060
-0.67%
-0.90%
-0.38%
First test
Case 2 :
Latest test
%Deviation
Position
(21 May,2012)
CHL+CH
CH
CHL+CL
CL
10305.0
3280.2
18089.5
11049.7
10234.6
3269.4
18993.1
12031.6
-0.68%
-0.33%
5.00%
8.89%
%Deviation
(17september
,2012.)
CHL+CH
CH
CHL+CL
CL
10311.0
3287.4
18082.0
11058.0
10208.0
3282.7
18978.4
12052.6
-1%
-0.14%
4.96%
8.99%
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23
24
25
Vout
H (dB) = 20 log10
Vin
Vout
H ( ) = tan
Vin
1
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Phas e (degree)
120
60
0
-60
-120
-180
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
Frequency (Hz)
Failed unit
EN X2 - X0 Open H1-H2-H3
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Amp litu d e (d B)
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
Frequency (Hz)
30
Conclusion
31
Conclusion
According to two case studies mentioned earlier, it can
be concluded that the single phase leakage impedance,
winding capacitance measurement and frequency
response analysis (FRA) can be used to detect and
locate the winding buckling in the power transformer.
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Conclusion
In addition, EGAT has established the recommended
criteria value and maintenance policy for all transformers
with the same rating manufactured by particular
manufacturer in order to prevent the transformer
breakdown. Such criteria value and maintenance policy
can be explained as follows,
If the transformer is subjected to the external fault in the
system, the single phase leakage impedance and
winding capacitance have to be measured to check the
winding condition.
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Conclusion
If the single phase leakage impedance is deviated more
than 2% and the value of winding capacitance increase
comparing with those of the commissioning test or first
test , the transformer have to be de-energized and the
winding buckling may be confirmed by using frequency
response analysis (FRA).
A neutral grounding reactor (NGR) shall be installed to
prevent the winding deformation which is basically
caused by external ground fault, particularly the
transformers manufactured before 1996.This is because
it is found that the winding design was not good enough
to withstand the external fault condition.
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Literature
[1] Giorgio Bertagnolli , Short-circuit duty of power transformer, ABB
handbook.
[2] EGAT testing standard , Testing standard for Power transformer ,
2012.
[3] Thomas Fogelberg , Surviving a short-circuit : Short-circuit
withstand capability of power transformers ,2008
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