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Abbreviation
SYRIZA
Leader
Alexis Tsipras
Slogan
Angume drmo stin elpda
(We open a way to hope)
Founded
Headquarters
Youth wing
SYRIZA Youth
Ideology
Democratic socialism[3]
Left-wing populism[4]
Eco-socialism[3][5]
Anti-capitalism[6][7]
Alter-globalization[8]
Soft euroscepticism[9][10]
Political position
Left-wing[11][12][13][14]
International affiliation
None
European affiliation
European Parliament
group
Left[16]
Colours
Red (official)
Salmon (customary)
Hellenic Parliament
149 / 300
European Parliament
6 / 21
Regional Governors
2 / 13
Website
www.syriza.gr
Politics of Greece
Political parties
Elections
[hide]
1 History
o
History[edit]
Formation[edit]
1.1 Formation
1.1.4 20072011
2 Cabinet members
4 Election results
o
5 European parliament
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Although SYRIZA was formally launched before the 2004 legislative election, the roots of the
process that led to its formation can be traced back to the Space for Dialogue for the Unity and
Common Action of the Left (Greek: )
in 2001.[30] The "Space" was composed of various organisations of the Greek Left that, despite
different ideological and historical backgrounds, had shared common political action in several
important issues that had arisen in Greece at the end of the 1990s, such as the Kosovo
War, privatizations, social and civil rights,[31] etc.
The "Space" provided the common ground from which the participating parties could work together
on issues such as:
Even though the "Space" was not a political organisation, but rather an effort to bring together the
parties and organisations that attended, it gave birth to some electoral alliances for the local
elections of 2002,[33] the most successful being the one led by Manolis Glezos for the superprefecture of Athens-Piraeus. The "Space" also provided the common ground from which several of
the member parties and organizations launched the Greek Social Forum, [34] part of the
larger European Social Forum.
2004 general election[edit]
The defining moment for the birth of SYRIZA came with the legislative election of 2004. Most of the
participants of the "Space" sought to develop a common platform that could lead to an electoral
alliance.[35] This led to the eventual formation of the Coalition of the Radical Left, in January 2004.[36]
The parties that originally formed the Coalition of the Radical Left in January 2004 were the:
Although the Communist Organization of Greece (KOE) had participated in the "Space", it decided
not to take part in the Coalition.[why?][37]
In the election, the coalition gathered 241,539 votes (3.3% of the total) and elected six members to
parliament. All six were members of Synaspisms, the largest of the coalition parties. This led to
much tension within the coalition.
Crisis and revitalisation[edit]
After the 2004 election, the smaller parties accused Synaspisms of not honoring an agreement to
have one of its members of parliament resign so that Yannis Banias of the AKOA could take his seat.
[38]
Tension built up and resulted in the split of the Internationalist Workers Left and the formation
of Kokkino, both of which remained within the coalition. The frame of the crisis within SYRIZA was
the reluctance of Synaspisms to adopt and maintain the political agreement for a clear denial of
"centre-left politics".[citation needed]
Three months after the 2004 legislative elections, Synaspisms chose to run independently from the
rest of the coalition for the 2004 European elections and some of the smaller parties of the coalition
supported the feminist Women for Another Europe (Greek: ) list.[39]
The crisis ended in December 2004 with the 4th convention of Synaspisms, when a large majority
within the party voted for the continuation of the coalition. [40] This change of attitude was further
intensified with the election of Alekos Alavanos, a staunch supporter of the coalition, [41] as president
of Synaspisms, after its former leader, Nikos Konstantopoulos, stepped down.
The coalition was further strengthened by the successful organization in May 2006 of
the 4th European Social Forum in Athens, as well as by a number of largely successful election
campaigns, such as those in Athens and Piraeus, during the 2006 local elections. The coalition ticket
in the municipality of Athens was headed by Alexis Tsipras, proposed by Alavanos who declared
Synaspisms's "opening to the new generation".
2007 legislative election[edit]
On 16 September 2007, SYRIZA gained 5.0% of the vote in the 2007 Greek legislative
election. Opinion polls had already indicated that the Coalition was expected to make significant
gains in the election, with predictions ranging from 4% to 5% of the electorate. [42]
Prior to the election, in 22 June, the participating parties had agreed on a common declaration. The
signed Declaration of the Coalition of the Radical Left outlined the common platform on which the
Coalition would compete in the following election and outlined the basis for the political alliance. [43]
The Coalition of 2007 has also expanded from its original composition in 2004. On 20 June 2007,
the Communist Organization of Greece (KOE) announced its participation into the Coalition. [44] On
August 21 the environmentalist Ecological Intervention (Greek: ) also joined,
[45]
and on 22 August 2007, the Democratic Social Movement (DIKKI) also announced its participation
in the Coalition.[46]
On 2 September, the Areios Pagos refused to include the title of DIKKI in the SYRIZA electoral
alliance, claiming that the internal procedures followed by DIKKI were flawed. This was criticised
furiously by both SYRIZA and DIKKI as inappropriate interference by the courts in party political
activity.[47]
20072011[edit]
Six party leaders' televised debate ahead of the 2009 Greek legislative elections. Alexis Tsipras, the leader of
SYRIZA, is in the centre.
In 27 November 2007, Alavanos announced that, for private reasons, he would not be seeking to
renew his presidency of Synaspisms.[48] The 5th party congress of Synaspisms elected Alexis
Tsipras, a municipal councillor for the municipality of Athens, as party president on 10 February
2008. Alavanos retained the parliamentary leadership of SYRIZA, however, as Tsipras was not at
that time a member of parliament. Tsipras achieved considerable popularity with the Greek
electorate, which led to a significant increase in support for SYRIZA in opinion polls up to 18
percent at its peak.[49]
At the end of June 2008, Xekinima announced that it would join the coalition.[50]
During the run-up to the 2009 European elections SYRIZA, amid turbulent internal developments,
saw its poll share decrease to 4.7%, with the result that only one SYRIZA candidate (Nikos Hountis)
was elected to the European Parliament. This caused renewed internal strife, leading to the
resignation of former Synaspisms president Alekos Alavanos from his seat in the Greek parliament,
a resignation that was, however, withdrawn a few days later.[51]
In the 2009 legislative election held on 4 October 2009, SYRIZA won 4.6% of the vote (slightly below
its 2007 showing), returning 13 MPs to the Hellenic Parliaments. The incoming MPs included
Tsipras, who took over as SYRIZA's parliamentary leader.
In June 2010, the Ananeotiki ("Renewing Wing") of radical social democrats in Synapsisms split
away from the party, at the same time leaving SYRIZA. This reduced SYRIZA's parliamentary group
to 9 MPs. The 4 MPs who left formed a new party, the Democratic Left (DIMAR).
2012 general elections[edit]
In a move of voters away from the parties which participated in the coalition government under the
premiership of Lucas Papademos in November 2011, SYRIZA gained popular support in the opinion
polls, as did the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) and DIMAR. Opinion polls in the run-up to the
May 2012 election showed SYRIZA with 10-12% support.[52] The minor Unitary
Movement (a PASOK splinter group) also joined the coalition in March 2012.
In first 2012 legislative election held on 6 May, the party polled over 16% and quadrupled its number
of seats, becoming the second largest party in parliament, behind New Democracy (ND).[53] After the
election, Tsipras was invited by the president of Greece to try to form a government, but failed to
form a government owing to a lack of parliamentary numbers. Subsequently, Tsipras rejected a
proposal by the president to join a coalition government with the centre-right and centre-left parties.
[54]
For the second 2012 legislative election on 17 June 2012, SYRIZA re-registered as a single party
(adding the "United Social Front" moniker) instead of as a coalition, in order to be eligible to receive
the 50 "bonus" seats given to the largest polling party under the Greek electoral system. [55] However,
although SYRIZA increased its share of the vote to just under 27%, New Democracy polled 29.8%
and claimed the bonus. With 71 seats, SYRIZA became the main opposition party to a coalition
government composed of ND, PASOK, and DIMAR.
Unitary party[edit]
In July 2013, a SYRIZA congress was held to discuss the organization of the party. Important
outcomes included a decision in principle to dissolve the participating parties in SYRIZA in favour of
a unitary party. However, implementation was deferred for three months to allow time for four of the
parties which were reluctant to dissolve to consider their positions. Tsipras was confirmed as
chairman with 74% of the vote. However delegates supporting the Left Platform (Greek: "
") led by Panayiotis Lafazanis, which wants to leave the door open to quitting the euro,
secured 30% (60) of the seats on SYRIZA's central committee. [56] A modest success was also
claimed by the "Communist Platform" (Greek section of the International Marxist Tendency), who
managed to get two members elected to the party's central committee. [57]
2014 elections[edit]
Local elections and elections to the European Parliament were held in May 2014. In the 2014
European election on 25 May 2014, SYRIZA reached first place with 26.5% of vote, ahead of New
Democracy at 22.7%. The position in the local elections was less clear-cut, due to the number of
"non-party" local tickets and independents contending for office. SYRIZA's main success was the
election of Rena Dourou to the Attica Regional governorship with 50.8% of the second-round vote
over the incumbent Yiannis Sgouros. Its biggest disappointment was the failure of Gabriel
Sakellaridis to win the Athens Mayoralty election, being beaten in the second ballot by Giorgos
Kaminis with 51.4% to his 48.6%.
Thessaloniki Programme[edit]
Main article: Thessaloniki Programme
On 13 September 2014, SYRIZA unveiled the Thessaloniki Programme, a set of policy proposals
containing its central demands for economic and political restructuring. [58]
2015 snap election[edit]
For more details on this topic, see Greek legislative election, 2015.
After the Hellenic Parliament failed to elect a new President of State by 29 December 2014, the
parliament was dissolved and a snap 2015 legislative election was scheduled for 25 January 2015.
SYRIZA had a lead in opinion polls, but its anti-austerity position worried investors and eurozone
supporters.[59] The party's chief economic advisor, John Milios, has downplayed fears that Greece
under a SYRIZA government would exit the eurozone,[60] while shadow development minister George
Stathakis disclosed the partys intention to crack down on Greek oligarchs if it wins the election.[61] In
the election, SYRIZA defeated the incumbent New Democracy and went on to become the largest
party in the Hellenic Parliament, receiving 36.3% of the vote and 149 out of 300 seats. [62]
Tsipras was congratulated by French president Francois Hollande who stressed Greco-French
"friendship," as well as by leftist leaders all over Europe, including Pablo Iglesias Turrin of
Spain's Podemos and Katja Kipping of Germany's Die Linke. German government officialHans-Peter
Friedrich however said: "The Greeks have the right to vote for whom they want. We have the right to
no longer finance Greek debt."[63] The Financial Times and Radio Free Europe reported on SYRIZA's
ties with Russia and extensive correspondence withAleksandr Dugin, who called for a "genocide" of
Ukrainians.[64][65] The EUobserver reported that Tsipras had a "pro-Russia track record" and that
SYRIZA's MEPs had voted against the UkraineEuropean Union Association Agreement, criticism of
the Russian annexation of Crimea, and criticism of the pressure on civil rights group Memorial.[66] The
Moscow Times stated, "The terms used in Russia's anti-Europe rhetoric also seem to have infiltrated
Tsipras' vocabulary."[67]
Government formation[edit]
On 26 January 2015, Tsipras and Independent Greeks (ANEL) leader Panos Kammenos agreed to
form a coalition government of SYRIZA and ANEL, with Tsipras becomingPrime Minister of
Greece[68] and Greek-Australian economist Yanis Varoufakis appointed Ministry of Finance.[69]
Cabinet members[edit]
Main article: Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras
On 27 January 2015, the members of the new Cabinet were announced by SYRIZA: [70]
The Ministry of Defence was filled by a non-SYRIZA nominee, Panos Kammenos of the Independent
Greeks (ANEL).
Coalition supporters in a 2007 rally. Flags of Synaspisms, AKOA, DIKKI, and Kokkino can be seen, as well as
those of the coalition itself.
SYRIZA as a unitary party was formed through the merger of the following parties (in alphabetical
order in English):[72]
Election results[edit]
Hellenic Parliament[edit]
Hellenic Parliament
Election
Votes
Seats won
Government
Leader
2004
241,539
3.3
6 / 300
Opposition
Alekos Alavanos
2007
361,211
5.0
14 / 300
Opposition
Alekos Alavanos
2009
315,627
4.6
13 / 300
Opposition
Alexis Tsipras
05/2012
1,061,265
16.8
52 / 300
Opposition
Alexis Tsipras
06/2012
1,655,022
26.9
71 / 300
Opposition
Alexis Tsipras
2015
2,245,978
36.3
149 / 300
Coalition gov't
Alexis Tsipras
European Parliament[edit]
European Parliament
Election
Votes
Seats won
Leader
2009
240,898
4.7
1 / 22
Alexis Tsipras
2014
1,518,608
26.6
6 / 21
Alexis Tsipras
European parliament[edit]
SYRIZA holds 6 seats in the European parliament.
Manolis Glezos
Sofia Sakorafa
Dimitris Papadimoulis
Stelios Kouloglou
Konstantina Kouneva
Konstantinos Chrysogonos
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Jump up^ "Russell Brand calls for UK to join Greek revolution after
anti-capitalist anti-austerity coalition SYRIZA wins in Athens". The
Independent. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
7.
8.
9.
10. Jump up^ "Ukip isn't the only Eurosceptic party on the rise. But the
Union is safe for now". The Independent. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
11. Jump up^ Thompson, Wayne C (2014). Western Europe (2014).
Rowman and Littlefield. p. 2882.ISBN 9781475812305.
12. Jump up^ "Greece anti-bailout leader Tsipras made prime
minister". BBC News. Retrieved29 June 2015.
13. Jump up^ Featherstone, Kevin. ", Greece implodes as protests drown
out its European vocation".LSE Research Online. Retrieved 29
June 2015.
14. Jump up^ ""EU wakes up to euro uncertainty following SYRIZA's
victory in Greece". Deutsche Welle. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 29
June 2015.
15. Jump up^ "EL-Parties | European Left". Party of the European Left.
Retrieved 31 December2014.
16. Jump up^ "SYRIZA - GUE/NGL". GUE/NGL. Retrieved 31
December 2014.
17. Jump up^ "Greece's leftists now officially called Coalition of the
Radical Left (in English)".Kathimerini. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 4
January 2013.
18. Jump up^ TheFreeDictionary.com
19. Jump up^ "A pinker shade of black". The Economist. 2014-01-15.
Retrieved 2015-01-18.
20. Jump up^ "Tribunes and Patricians: Radical Fringe Parties in the 21st
Century" (PDF). carleton.ca. 2012.
21. Jump up^ "Global Daily - Europe's political risks". ABN AMRO
Insights.
22. Jump up^ "Anti-establishment parties defy EU". BBC News.
23. Jump up^ "BBC News - Greek radical left SYRIZA prepares for power
under Tsipras". BBC News.
24. Jump up^ ". : " ,
"". Proto Thema. 1 May 2014.
25. Jump up^ Bianchi, Alfonso (29 December 2014). "Syriza: we are not
a anti-European monster, we are explaining it to hawks and markets
too (INTERVIEW)". EUnews - European News Service. Retrieved 1
January 2015.
26. Jump up^ Michalopoulos, Sarantis (17 December 2014). "SYRIZA
reiterates its commitment to the eurozone". EurActiv Greece.
Retrieved 1 January 2015.
27. Jump up^ TO BHMA International (7 May 2014). "Alexis Tsipras: "We
do not support any sort of Euroscepticism"". TO BHMA International.
28. Jump up^ Richard Mylles. "Ukip isn't the only Eurosceptic party on
the rise. But the Union is safe for now".
29. Jump up^ http://crisisobs.gr/en/2014/05/party-euroscepticism-ingreece-during-the-financial-crisis-the-cases-of-syriza-and-chrysi-avgi/.
Missing or empty |title= (help)
30. Jump up^ "Press conference of the "Space"". Synaspismos. 2001-0515. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
31. Jump up^ "Greece, SYRIZA promises rights for migrants and gays".
32. Jump up^ "Overcoming division". 2001-06-03. Retrieved 2014-12-21.
33. Jump up^ "A catalogue of such electoral alliances". .
Retrieved 2012-05-17.
34. Jump up^ "Greek Social Forum". Hellenic Social Forum.
Retrieved 2012-05-17.
35. Jump up^ "
" (in Greek). 2003-1217. Retrieved 2014-12-21.
36. Jump up^ "T ". BBC Greek.
56. Jump up^ "Tsipras still leader but rifts remain". Kathimerini. 15 July
2013.
57. Jump up^ Sofia Papakonstantinou SYRIZA Kalitheas. "Founding
congress of SYRIZA: an opportunity for a much needed change of
programme and tactics". In Defence of Marxism.
58. Jump up^ TO BHMA International (15 September 2014). "Tsipras
presents SYRIZA program at International Fair in Thessaloniki". TO
BHMA International. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
59. Jump up^ "Greece crisis: Europe on edge over snap election". BBC.
December 30, 2014.
60. Jump up^ Helena Smith (December 23, 2014). "SYRIZAs chief
economist plots a radical Greek evolution within the eurozone". The
Guardian.
61. Jump up^ Hope, Kerin (2015-01-06). "SYRIZA to crack down on
Greeces oligarchs if it wins election". Financial Times.
Retrieved 2015-01-07.
62. Jump up^ Babington, Deepa; Maltezou, Renee. "Tsipras sworn in as
Greece PM to fight bailout terms". http://uk.reuters.com. Reuters.
Retrieved 26 January 2015.
63. Jump up^ Donahue, Patrick (26 January 2015). "Tsipras win draws
French congratulations, German threat". Kathimerini. Retrieved 26
January 2015.
64. Jump up^ Jones, Sam; Hope, Kerin; Weaver, Courtney (28 January
2015). "Alarm bells ring over SYRIZA's Russian links". Financial
Times.
65. Jump up^ Coalson, Robert (28 January 2015). "New Greek
Government Has Deep, Long-Standing Ties With Russian 'Fascist'
Dugin". RFERL.
66. Jump up^ Rettman, Andrew (27 January 2015). "Greece says No to
EU statement on Russia". EU Observer.
67. Jump up^ Ttrault-Farber, Gabrielle (26 January 2015). "Greek
Election Wins Putin a Friend in Europe". The Moscow Times.
68. Jump up^ Helena Smith. "SYRIZAs Tsipras sworn in after Greek
government formed with rightwingers". the Guardian. Retrieved 4
June 2015.
69. Jump up^ Phillip Inman. "Profile: Greeces new finance minister Yanis
Varoufakis". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
70. Jump up^ "The new Cabinet".
71. Jump up^ Replaced by Euclid Tsakalotos as of 6 July 2015
External links[edit]
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Ecological Intervention
Kokkino
Synaspismos
Xekinima
Kitsikis/article Grce. Le Synaspismos tiraill entre socialdmocratie et anarchisme, Grande Europe, no.16, janvier 2010, La
Documentation Franaise. Read on Line
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