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Syriza

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coalition of the Radical Left


Greek:

Abbreviation

SYRIZA

Leader

Alexis Tsipras

Slogan


Angume drmo stin elpda
(We open a way to hope)

Founded

2004 (as an alliance)


May 22, 2012 (as a party)[1][2]

Headquarters

39 Valtetsiou, 106 81Athens, Greece

Youth wing

SYRIZA Youth

Ideology

Democratic socialism[3]
Left-wing populism[4]
Eco-socialism[3][5]
Anti-capitalism[6][7]
Alter-globalization[8]
Soft euroscepticism[9][10]

Political position

Left-wing[11][12][13][14]

International affiliation

None

European affiliation

Party of the European Left[15]

European Parliament

European United Left/Nordic Green

group

Left[16]

Colours

Red (official)
Salmon (customary)

Hellenic Parliament

149 / 300

European Parliament

6 / 21

Regional Governors

2 / 13
Website
www.syriza.gr

Politics of Greece
Political parties
Elections

The Coalition of the Radical Left[17] (Greek: , Synaspisms


Rizospastiks Aristers), mostly known by the backronym Syriza (a Greek adverb meaning from the
roots or radically,[18] and sometimes styled SY.RIZ.A.; Greek:, pronounced [siiza]), is a leftwing political party in Greece, originally founded in 2004 as a coalition of left-wing and radical
leftparties. It is the largest party in the Hellenic Parliament, with party chairman Alexis
Tsipras serving as Prime Minister of Greece.
The coalition originally comprised a broad array of thirteen groups and independent politicians,
including social democrats,democratic socialists, left-wing patriots, feminists, anticapitalists, centrist and environmentalist groups, as well as Marxist
Leninist,Maoist, Trotskyist, Eurocommunist, Luxemburgist and also Eurosceptic components.
Additionally, despite its secular ideology, many members are Christians who, like their atheistic
fellow members, are opposed to the privileges of the state-sponsored Orthodox Church of Greece.
[19]
From 2013 the coalition became a unitary party, although it retained its name with the addition of
"United Social Front".
SYRIZA has been characterized as an anti-establishment party,[20][21] whose success has sent "shockwaves across the EU".[22]Although it has abandoned its old identity, that of a hard-left protest voice,
becoming more populist in character, and stating that it will not abandon the eurozone,[23] its
chairman Alexis Tsipras has declared that the "euro is not my fetish".[24] Recently, the Vice President
of the European Parliament and SYRIZA MEP Dimitrios Papadimoulis stated that Greece should "be
a respectable member of the European Union and the euro zone" [25] and that "there is absolutely no
case for a Grexit".[26] Although Alexis Tsipras clarified that SYRIZA "does not support any sort of
Euroscepticism",[27] at the same time, the party is seen as a mildly Eurosceptic force. [28][29]
Contents

[hide]

1 History
o

History[edit]
Formation[edit]

1.1 Formation

1.1.1 2004 general election

1.1.2 Crisis and revitalisation

1.1.3 2007 legislative election

1.1.4 20072011

1.1.5 2012 general elections

1.2 Unitary party

1.2.1 2014 elections

1.2.2 Thessaloniki Programme

1.2.3 2015 snap election

1.2.4 Government formation

2 Cabinet members

3 Former constituent parties

4 Election results
o

4.1 Hellenic Parliament

4.2 European Parliament

5 European parliament

6 Notes

7 References

8 External links

Although SYRIZA was formally launched before the 2004 legislative election, the roots of the
process that led to its formation can be traced back to the Space for Dialogue for the Unity and
Common Action of the Left (Greek: )
in 2001.[30] The "Space" was composed of various organisations of the Greek Left that, despite
different ideological and historical backgrounds, had shared common political action in several
important issues that had arisen in Greece at the end of the 1990s, such as the Kosovo
War, privatizations, social and civil rights,[31] etc.
The "Space" provided the common ground from which the participating parties could work together
on issues such as:

Against the neoliberal reform of the pension and social


security systems

Opposition to new anti-terrorism legislation

The preparation of the Greek participation at the 2001 international


demonstration in Genoa.[32]

Review the role of the European Union and redetermine Greece's


position on it.

Even though the "Space" was not a political organisation, but rather an effort to bring together the
parties and organisations that attended, it gave birth to some electoral alliances for the local
elections of 2002,[33] the most successful being the one led by Manolis Glezos for the superprefecture of Athens-Piraeus. The "Space" also provided the common ground from which several of
the member parties and organizations launched the Greek Social Forum, [34] part of the
larger European Social Forum.
2004 general election[edit]
The defining moment for the birth of SYRIZA came with the legislative election of 2004. Most of the
participants of the "Space" sought to develop a common platform that could lead to an electoral
alliance.[35] This led to the eventual formation of the Coalition of the Radical Left, in January 2004.[36]
The parties that originally formed the Coalition of the Radical Left in January 2004 were the:

Coalition of Left, of Movements and Ecology (Synaspisms or SYN)

Renewing Communist Ecological Left (AKOA)

Internationalist Workers Left (DEA)

Movement for the United in Action Left (KEDA) (a splinter group of


the Communist Party of Greece)

Active Citizens (a political organisation associated with Manolis


Glezos)

Other independent left-wing groups or activists

Although the Communist Organization of Greece (KOE) had participated in the "Space", it decided
not to take part in the Coalition.[why?][37]

In the election, the coalition gathered 241,539 votes (3.3% of the total) and elected six members to
parliament. All six were members of Synaspisms, the largest of the coalition parties. This led to
much tension within the coalition.
Crisis and revitalisation[edit]

Former President of SYRIZA, Alekos Alavanos, speaking in Athens.

After the 2004 election, the smaller parties accused Synaspisms of not honoring an agreement to
have one of its members of parliament resign so that Yannis Banias of the AKOA could take his seat.
[38]
Tension built up and resulted in the split of the Internationalist Workers Left and the formation
of Kokkino, both of which remained within the coalition. The frame of the crisis within SYRIZA was
the reluctance of Synaspisms to adopt and maintain the political agreement for a clear denial of
"centre-left politics".[citation needed]
Three months after the 2004 legislative elections, Synaspisms chose to run independently from the
rest of the coalition for the 2004 European elections and some of the smaller parties of the coalition
supported the feminist Women for Another Europe (Greek: ) list.[39]
The crisis ended in December 2004 with the 4th convention of Synaspisms, when a large majority
within the party voted for the continuation of the coalition. [40] This change of attitude was further
intensified with the election of Alekos Alavanos, a staunch supporter of the coalition, [41] as president
of Synaspisms, after its former leader, Nikos Konstantopoulos, stepped down.
The coalition was further strengthened by the successful organization in May 2006 of
the 4th European Social Forum in Athens, as well as by a number of largely successful election
campaigns, such as those in Athens and Piraeus, during the 2006 local elections. The coalition ticket
in the municipality of Athens was headed by Alexis Tsipras, proposed by Alavanos who declared
Synaspisms's "opening to the new generation".
2007 legislative election[edit]
On 16 September 2007, SYRIZA gained 5.0% of the vote in the 2007 Greek legislative
election. Opinion polls had already indicated that the Coalition was expected to make significant
gains in the election, with predictions ranging from 4% to 5% of the electorate. [42]
Prior to the election, in 22 June, the participating parties had agreed on a common declaration. The
signed Declaration of the Coalition of the Radical Left outlined the common platform on which the
Coalition would compete in the following election and outlined the basis for the political alliance. [43]
The Coalition of 2007 has also expanded from its original composition in 2004. On 20 June 2007,
the Communist Organization of Greece (KOE) announced its participation into the Coalition. [44] On
August 21 the environmentalist Ecological Intervention (Greek: ) also joined,
[45]
and on 22 August 2007, the Democratic Social Movement (DIKKI) also announced its participation
in the Coalition.[46]
On 2 September, the Areios Pagos refused to include the title of DIKKI in the SYRIZA electoral
alliance, claiming that the internal procedures followed by DIKKI were flawed. This was criticised

furiously by both SYRIZA and DIKKI as inappropriate interference by the courts in party political
activity.[47]
20072011[edit]

Six party leaders' televised debate ahead of the 2009 Greek legislative elections. Alexis Tsipras, the leader of
SYRIZA, is in the centre.

In 27 November 2007, Alavanos announced that, for private reasons, he would not be seeking to
renew his presidency of Synaspisms.[48] The 5th party congress of Synaspisms elected Alexis
Tsipras, a municipal councillor for the municipality of Athens, as party president on 10 February
2008. Alavanos retained the parliamentary leadership of SYRIZA, however, as Tsipras was not at
that time a member of parliament. Tsipras achieved considerable popularity with the Greek
electorate, which led to a significant increase in support for SYRIZA in opinion polls up to 18
percent at its peak.[49]
At the end of June 2008, Xekinima announced that it would join the coalition.[50]
During the run-up to the 2009 European elections SYRIZA, amid turbulent internal developments,
saw its poll share decrease to 4.7%, with the result that only one SYRIZA candidate (Nikos Hountis)
was elected to the European Parliament. This caused renewed internal strife, leading to the
resignation of former Synaspisms president Alekos Alavanos from his seat in the Greek parliament,
a resignation that was, however, withdrawn a few days later.[51]
In the 2009 legislative election held on 4 October 2009, SYRIZA won 4.6% of the vote (slightly below
its 2007 showing), returning 13 MPs to the Hellenic Parliaments. The incoming MPs included
Tsipras, who took over as SYRIZA's parliamentary leader.
In June 2010, the Ananeotiki ("Renewing Wing") of radical social democrats in Synapsisms split
away from the party, at the same time leaving SYRIZA. This reduced SYRIZA's parliamentary group
to 9 MPs. The 4 MPs who left formed a new party, the Democratic Left (DIMAR).
2012 general elections[edit]
In a move of voters away from the parties which participated in the coalition government under the
premiership of Lucas Papademos in November 2011, SYRIZA gained popular support in the opinion
polls, as did the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) and DIMAR. Opinion polls in the run-up to the
May 2012 election showed SYRIZA with 10-12% support.[52] The minor Unitary
Movement (a PASOK splinter group) also joined the coalition in March 2012.
In first 2012 legislative election held on 6 May, the party polled over 16% and quadrupled its number
of seats, becoming the second largest party in parliament, behind New Democracy (ND).[53] After the
election, Tsipras was invited by the president of Greece to try to form a government, but failed to
form a government owing to a lack of parliamentary numbers. Subsequently, Tsipras rejected a
proposal by the president to join a coalition government with the centre-right and centre-left parties.
[54]

For the second 2012 legislative election on 17 June 2012, SYRIZA re-registered as a single party
(adding the "United Social Front" moniker) instead of as a coalition, in order to be eligible to receive

the 50 "bonus" seats given to the largest polling party under the Greek electoral system. [55] However,
although SYRIZA increased its share of the vote to just under 27%, New Democracy polled 29.8%
and claimed the bonus. With 71 seats, SYRIZA became the main opposition party to a coalition
government composed of ND, PASOK, and DIMAR.

Unitary party[edit]
In July 2013, a SYRIZA congress was held to discuss the organization of the party. Important
outcomes included a decision in principle to dissolve the participating parties in SYRIZA in favour of
a unitary party. However, implementation was deferred for three months to allow time for four of the
parties which were reluctant to dissolve to consider their positions. Tsipras was confirmed as
chairman with 74% of the vote. However delegates supporting the Left Platform (Greek: "
") led by Panayiotis Lafazanis, which wants to leave the door open to quitting the euro,
secured 30% (60) of the seats on SYRIZA's central committee. [56] A modest success was also
claimed by the "Communist Platform" (Greek section of the International Marxist Tendency), who
managed to get two members elected to the party's central committee. [57]
2014 elections[edit]
Local elections and elections to the European Parliament were held in May 2014. In the 2014
European election on 25 May 2014, SYRIZA reached first place with 26.5% of vote, ahead of New
Democracy at 22.7%. The position in the local elections was less clear-cut, due to the number of
"non-party" local tickets and independents contending for office. SYRIZA's main success was the
election of Rena Dourou to the Attica Regional governorship with 50.8% of the second-round vote
over the incumbent Yiannis Sgouros. Its biggest disappointment was the failure of Gabriel
Sakellaridis to win the Athens Mayoralty election, being beaten in the second ballot by Giorgos
Kaminis with 51.4% to his 48.6%.
Thessaloniki Programme[edit]
Main article: Thessaloniki Programme
On 13 September 2014, SYRIZA unveiled the Thessaloniki Programme, a set of policy proposals
containing its central demands for economic and political restructuring. [58]
2015 snap election[edit]
For more details on this topic, see Greek legislative election, 2015.

SYRIZA party chairman and Prime Minister of Greece, Alexis Tsipras

After the Hellenic Parliament failed to elect a new President of State by 29 December 2014, the
parliament was dissolved and a snap 2015 legislative election was scheduled for 25 January 2015.
SYRIZA had a lead in opinion polls, but its anti-austerity position worried investors and eurozone
supporters.[59] The party's chief economic advisor, John Milios, has downplayed fears that Greece
under a SYRIZA government would exit the eurozone,[60] while shadow development minister George
Stathakis disclosed the partys intention to crack down on Greek oligarchs if it wins the election.[61] In
the election, SYRIZA defeated the incumbent New Democracy and went on to become the largest
party in the Hellenic Parliament, receiving 36.3% of the vote and 149 out of 300 seats. [62]

Tsipras was congratulated by French president Francois Hollande who stressed Greco-French
"friendship," as well as by leftist leaders all over Europe, including Pablo Iglesias Turrin of
Spain's Podemos and Katja Kipping of Germany's Die Linke. German government officialHans-Peter
Friedrich however said: "The Greeks have the right to vote for whom they want. We have the right to
no longer finance Greek debt."[63] The Financial Times and Radio Free Europe reported on SYRIZA's
ties with Russia and extensive correspondence withAleksandr Dugin, who called for a "genocide" of
Ukrainians.[64][65] The EUobserver reported that Tsipras had a "pro-Russia track record" and that
SYRIZA's MEPs had voted against the UkraineEuropean Union Association Agreement, criticism of
the Russian annexation of Crimea, and criticism of the pressure on civil rights group Memorial.[66] The
Moscow Times stated, "The terms used in Russia's anti-Europe rhetoric also seem to have infiltrated
Tsipras' vocabulary."[67]
Government formation[edit]
On 26 January 2015, Tsipras and Independent Greeks (ANEL) leader Panos Kammenos agreed to
form a coalition government of SYRIZA and ANEL, with Tsipras becomingPrime Minister of
Greece[68] and Greek-Australian economist Yanis Varoufakis appointed Ministry of Finance.[69]

Cabinet members[edit]
Main article: Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras
On 27 January 2015, the members of the new Cabinet were announced by SYRIZA: [70]

Alexis Tsipras Prime Minister

Giannis Dragasakis Deputy Prime Minister

Yanis Varoufakis Finance [71]

Giorgos Stathakis Economy, Infrastructure, Shipping and Tourism

Panos Skourletis Labor

Nikos Voutsis Interior and Administrative Reconstruction

Panagiotis Lafazanis Production Reconstruction, Environment


and Energy

Nikos Kotzias Foreign Affairs

Panagiotis Kouroumplis Health and Social Security

Nikos Paraskevopoulos Justice

Aristides Baltas Education, Culture and Religious Affairs

Panagiotis Nikoloudis Combating Corruption

Alekos Flambouraris Coordinating Government Operations

Nikos Pappas State

Gabriel Sakellaridis Government Spokesperson

The Ministry of Defence was filled by a non-SYRIZA nominee, Panos Kammenos of the Independent
Greeks (ANEL).

Former constituent parties[edit]

Coalition supporters in a 2007 rally. Flags of Synaspisms, AKOA, DIKKI, and Kokkino can be seen, as well as
those of the coalition itself.

SYRIZA as a unitary party was formed through the merger of the following parties (in alphabetical
order in English):[72]

Active Citizens ( ): democratic socialism, patriotism

Anticapitalist Political Group (): communism, Trotskyism, anticapitalism

Citizens' Association of Riga


(Velestinli): patriotism, internationalism, democracy, ecology, social
justice[73]

Coalition of Left, of Movements and Ecology (Synaspisms or


SYN): democratic socialism,[74] eco-socialism,[5]eurocommunism,
[75]
environmentalism,[74] feminism[74]

Communist Organization of Greece (KOE): maoism, communism

Communist Platform of SYRIZA: Greek section of the International


Marxist Tendency, communism, Trotskyism[76]

Democratic Social Movement (DIKKI): left-wing


nationalism, socialism,[77] Euroscepticism[78]

Ecosocialists of Greece: eco-socialism, green politics

Internationalist Workers' Left (DEA): revolutionary


socialism, communism, Trotskyism

Movement for the United in Action


Left (KEDA): communism, MarxismLeninism

New Fighter: democratic socialism, social democracy

Radical Left Group Roza: Luxemburgism, feminism

Radicals (): democratic socialism, patriotism

Red (): communism, Trotskyism

Renewing Communist Ecological Left (AKOA): democratic


socialism, Eurocommunism, green politics

Union of the Democratic Centre (EDIK): radicalism, social


liberalism, centrism

Unitary Movement: democratic socialism, social democracy

Also a number of independent leftist activists

Election results[edit]
Hellenic Parliament[edit]
Hellenic Parliament

Election

Votes

Seats won

Government

Leader

2004

241,539

3.3

6 / 300

Opposition

Alekos Alavanos

2007

361,211

5.0

14 / 300

Opposition

Alekos Alavanos

2009

315,627

4.6

13 / 300

Opposition

Alexis Tsipras

05/2012

1,061,265

16.8

52 / 300

Opposition

Alexis Tsipras

06/2012

1,655,022

26.9

71 / 300

Opposition

Alexis Tsipras

2015

2,245,978

36.3

149 / 300

Coalition gov't

Alexis Tsipras

European Parliament[edit]
European Parliament

Election

Votes

Seats won

Leader

2009

240,898

4.7

1 / 22

Alexis Tsipras

2014

1,518,608

26.6

6 / 21

Alexis Tsipras

European parliament[edit]
SYRIZA holds 6 seats in the European parliament.

Manolis Glezos

Sofia Sakorafa

Dimitris Papadimoulis

Stelios Kouloglou

Konstantina Kouneva

Konstantinos Chrysogonos

Notes[edit]
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Coalition of
Radical Left (SYRIZA).

Official website

Active Citizens

Communist Organization of Greece

Democratic Social Movement

Ecological Intervention

Internationalist Workers Left

The Greek crisis is not just about Greece. Greece, Financialization


and the EU: The Political Economy of Debt and Destruction.

Kokkino

Movement for the United in Action Left

Popular Unions of Bipartisan Social Groups

Renewing Communist Ecological Left

Synaspismos

Xekinima

SYRIZA MPs - Vouliwatch.gr

Only Syriza Can Save Greece. James K. Galbraith and Yanis


Varoufakis. The New York Times, 23 June 2013.

Kitsikis/article Grce. Le Synaspismos tiraill entre socialdmocratie et anarchisme, Grande Europe, no.16, janvier 2010, La
Documentation Franaise. Read on Line

Greece: Phase One. Jacobin. January 22, 2015.

The pro-worker, pro-growth experiment in Greece is under threat.


Senator Bernie Sanders for The Guardian. 17 February 2015.

Indebted yes, but not Guilty by Slavoj iek, Potemkin Review, 22


February 2015.
[hide]

Political parties in Greece


Syriza (149 incl. Ecologist Greens)
New Democracy (76)
Golden Dawn (17)
Hellenic Parliament (300)

The River (17, incl. Reformers for Democracy and Development)


Communist Party of Greece (15)
Independent Greeks (12, incl. Christian Democratic Party of the Overthrow)
Panhellenic Socialist Movement-Democratic Alignment(13)
Independents (1)

European Parliament (21 of 751)

Syriza (GUE/NGL, 6)
New Democracy (EPP, 5)
Golden Dawn (Non-Inscrits, 3)
Olive Tree (S&D, 2)
The River (S&D, 2)
Communist Party of Greece(Non-Inscrits, 2)

Independent (ECR, 1)
Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow
incl. Alternative Ecologists
Front of Solidarity and Overthrow
Left Anti-capitalist Group
Left Group
Left Recomposition
New Left Current
Organization of Communist Internationalists of GreeceSpartacus

Other parties in regional councils

Revolutionary Communist Movement of Greece


Socialist Workers' Party

Democratic Left
Drassi
Greens
Popular Orthodox Rally
Recreate Greece
Society of Values (el)
Union for the Homeland and the People
Other parties

Movement for the Reorganization of the Communist Party of Greece 1918


Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party of Greece
Organisation of Internationalist Communists of Greece
Communist

People's Resistance
incl. Communist Party of Greece (MarxistLeninist)
MarxistLeninist Communist Party of Greece

Workers Revolutionary Party


Start Socialist Internationalist Organisation
Other

Democratic Regional Union


Democratic Revival
Democrats
Drachma Five Star
Fighting Socialist Party of Greece
Greek Ecologists
Greek European Citizens

Greek Unity
I Don't Pay Movement
Koinonia
Lefko
Liberal Alliance
Liberal Party
Movement of Democratic Socialists
National Front
National Hope
National Unity Association
New Reformist Radical Reconstruction
Panhellenic Citizen Chariot
Party of Greek Hunters
Plan B (el)
Pirate Party of Greece
Radical National Rally (el)
Rainbow
Social Agreement
Social League
Society First
Union of Centrists
United Popular Front

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Categories:

SYRIZA

Political party alliances in Greece

Socialist parties in Greece

Party of the European Left member parties

Parties represented in the European Parliament

Communism in Greece

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Eco-socialism

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Socialism in Greece

Organizations established in 2004

2004 establishments in Greece

Political parties established in 2012

2012 establishments in Greece

2000s in Greek politics

2010s in Greek politics

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