TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.
DECLARATION..................................................................................................................iv
CERTIFICATE .............................................................................................................................v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................................vi
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................vii
LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................ix
CHAPTER 1 (INTRODUCTION)1
1.1 GENESIS AND HISTORY ..2
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO VISUALSTUDIO.........3
1.3 EMGU CV ........6
1.4 PURPOSE AND SCOPE.10
CHAPTER 2 (BIOMETRICS)........12
2.1 WHAT IS BIOMETRICS....12
2.2 HISTORY.12
2.3 WORKING...13
2.4 APPLICATION....14
2.5 FACE AS PARAMETER.15
CHAPTER 3 (FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE)..17
3.1 FACE RECOGNITION TASKS.17
3.2 INTERPRETETION....22
3.3 STEPS IN FACE RECOGNITION TASKS...25
3.4 FACE RECOGNITION ALGO........27
3.5 DEVELOPMENTAL IMAGE DATA ....29
3.6 GALLERY IMAGE DATA ........29
3.7 PROBE IMAGE DATA...30
3.8 APPLICATION OF FRS .........32
3.9 EVALUATION OF FRT .........34

CHAPTER 4 (FACE DETECTION PROBLEM).......36

4.1 FACE DETECTION APPROACH.....37
4.2 PARAMETER THAT AFFECT FACE DETECTION.......41
4.3 THE APPROACH USED....45
4.3.1 THE HAAR FEATURES....47
4.3.2 THE DETECTOR.......49
4.4 THE ADABOOST ALGORITHM......50
4.5 AT A GLANCE...52
CHAPTER 5 (THE FACE RECOGNITION PROBLEM).....54
5.1 STATISTIC APPROACH......58
5.2 APPROACH USED....60
5.3 ATTENDANCE PART.......64
5.3.1 THE METHODOLOGY.....65
CHAPTER 6 (SNAPSHOTS)...69
6.1 MAIN FORM......69
6.2 REGISTRATION FORM....70
6.3 CONFIRMATION PAGE....71
6.4 INTRODUCION FORM......72
6.5 VIEW RECORDS FORM73
CHAPTER 7 (CODING)......74
7.1 REGISTRATION CODE.........74
7.2 RECOGNITION CODE...82
7.3 EIGENOBJECT CODE........86
7.4 CLASS FILE CODE.....91
7.5 VIEW RECORDS CODE.92
CHAPTER 8 (CONCLUSION)95
7.1 WEAKNESS Vs STRENGTH..95
7.2 FUTURE SCOPE.96
REFERENCES..98
APPENDIX A....99

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DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another
person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any
other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except
where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.
Signature :
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Name :Charu Priya Palni

Roll No : 0902710034
Date :
Signature :
Name : Astha Arora
Roll No : 0902710027

Date :
Signature :
Name :Kumar Tanmay
Roll No : 0902710047
Date :

Signature :
Name :Abhishek Singh
Roll No : 0902710007
Date :

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled Attendance monitoring through

Facial Recognition which is submitted by Charu Priya Palni (0902710034),
Astha Arora(0902710027), Kumar Tanmay (0902710047), Abhishek Singh
(0902710007) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree
iv

B. Tech. in Department of Computer Science and Engineering of Uttar

Pradesh Technical University, is a record of the candidate own work carried
out by him under our supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is
original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Supervisor

Mr. Dharmendra Kumar

CSE Department
Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project undertaken during B.
Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Mr. Dharmendra Kumar and Mr. Akhilesh
Verma, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College,
Ghaziabad for their constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. Their
sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is
only their cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor B. M. Kalra, Head,
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College,
Ghaziabad for his full support and assistance during the development of the project.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty and staff
members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our
v

project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the completion
of the project.

Signature :
Name :Charu Priya Palni
Roll No : 0902710034
Date :
Signature :
Name : Astha Arora
Roll No : 0902710027

Date :
Signature :
Name :Kumar Tanmay
Roll No : 0902710047
Date :
Signature :
Name :Abhishek Singh
Roll No : 0902710007
Date :

ABSTRACT
Human face detection by computer systems has become a major field of interest. Face detection
algorithms are used in a wide range of applications, such as security control, video retrieving,
biometric signal processing, human computer interface, face recognitions and image database
management.Experimental results demonstrate successful face detection over the training
images.The current project is an attempt to improvise, improve, develop and implement the
algorithms to create a computer software which can provide vision to a computer system.
The project is named as FacePro which is the software created to tackle with the question of
computer vision.

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It makes use of two algorithms wiz, Haar based Cascade Classifier and ADABOOST which is
essentially an real time object detection framework proposed by Paul Viola and Michael Jones in
1991 and Principal Component Analysis(PCA) an approach for face recogition proposed by
Sirovich & Kirby in the year 1987 and extended, in subsequent years, to practical applications
by Matthew Turk & Alex Pentland. It is known to be the first successful algorithm for face
recognition. FacePro has been created on Microsoft .net platform with Visual C# as the primary
programming language.This document elaborates all the concepts employed in the project along
with the implementation details, experimentation and testing results and findings.

LIST OF FIGURES
Table No. Table name

Page No

1.1

DOTNET FRAMEWORK

04

1.2

EMGU ARCHITECTURE

07

3.1

OVERVIEW OF FR SYSTEM

18

3.2

POSSIBLE OUTCOMES OF VERIFICATION TASK

18

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3.3

CUMULATIVE MATCH SCORE

20

3.4

POSSIBLE OUTCOMES OF IDENTIFICATION TASK

21

3.5

POSSIBLE OUTCOMES OF WATCHLIST TASK

22

3.6

EXAMPLE OF ROC CURVES

23

3.7

STEPS IN FR PROCESS

26

3.8

EXAMPLE OF VARIANCE IN TASK

28

4.1

FACE DETECTION APPROACH

35

4.2

RESULT OF ROTATION CHANGES

4.3

RESULT OF SCALE CHANGES

43

4.4

RESULT OF OCCLUDED FACE IMAGE

44

4.5

RESULT OF SIMULTANEOUS FACE DETECTION

45

4.6

RESULTING IMAGE

47

5.1

FACE TEMPLATE IMAGE

57

5.2

NON FACE TEMPLATE IMAGE

58

5.3

RESULTS OF FACE DETECTION

64

42

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

PCA

Principal Component Analysis (has been explained in detail later)

LDA

Linear Discriminant Analysis (has been explained in detail later)

EBGM

Elastic Bunch Graph Matching

DIP

Digital Image Processing

FRS

Face Recognition System

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FRT

Face Recognition task

FRVT

Face Recognition vendor task

FRGC

Face Recognition Grand Challenge

FRR

False Rejection rate

FAR

False Acceptance rate

ROR

Reciever Operating Characterstics

DET

Detection Error trade off

CMS

Cumulative Match Score

EER

Equal error rate

MPF

Managed Package Framework

SVM

Support Vector Machine

NN

Neural Networks

HMM

Hidden Markov model

NBS

Naives Bayes Classifier

SNoW

Sparse network of Winnows

ix