7Functions of Life

Metabolism
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Cell Theory

Relative sizes of molecules, cell

membranes, viruses, bacteria,
organelles, and cells

Increasing volume of a cell

increases

All living organisms are made of

cells
Cells come from preexisting cells
Cells are the smallest unit of life
Plant Cell 100 um
Animal Cell 10 um
Nucleus 6 um
Bacteria 1 um
Virus 0.1 um (100 nm)
Membrane 10 nm
Molecule 1 nm
Rate of metabolism
Rate of heat production
Resource consumption
Production of waste
Use of nutrients

Increasing the volume of a cell

DECREASES

Its surface area to volume ratio

Increasing surface area increases

Rate of exchange of materials

Rate of heat exchange

Explain the importance of limiting

surface area: volume ratio

As a cell grows, its volume

increases faster than its surface
area
Surface area increases much
more slowly than volume
Diffusion is faster with a smaller
ratio; therefore cells are small and
exist in large quantities.

Multicellular organisms

Show Emergent Properties.

That is the idea that a whole is a
greater than a sum of its parts.

Emergent properties arise from

The interaction of a cells

component parts

PROKARTOTIC CELLS

Prokaryote

Before nucleus

Cell wall

Maintains shape
Protects the cell

Cell membrane

Facilitates the movement of

materials in and out of the cell
(water, oxygen, nutrients)

Pili

Is SELECTIVELY-permeable
Act as a binding agent. Allow
bacteria to adhere to each other
and transfer DNA

Flagella

Allow for cells to move

Ribosomes

Propeller like action fueled by a

mobility protein
Occur in large numbers, site of
protein synthesis, produce a lot of
protein

Nucleoid

Prokaryotic cells divide by

Translate messenger RNA to

create protein
Non-compartmentalized long
thread of DNA, controls the cell
Naked DNA with genetic
information
BINARY FISSION!

An extracellular component of a
plant is
The extracellular component of
the plant known as the _____ does
these things
An extracellular component of an
animal cell is

Cell wall

Maintains shape
Prevents excessive water
intake
- Holds the plant up against
gravity
Glycoprotein!

The extracellular component of

the animal cell known as the ___
does these things

Forms the extracellular

matrix
Functions in support
Adhesion
Movement

Draw a diagram of a EUKARYOTIC

LIVER CELL

Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria

ER- rough

Involved in protein synthesis

For proteins to be excreted from
the cell

Nucleus

Contains DNA, controls cell

activity

Golgi apparatus

Stores, packages, and transports

materials in the cell

Ribosome

Mitochondria

Receives products from the

endoplasmic reticulum
Site of protein synthesis
Translate message from mRNA to
make protein
Site of respiration, converts sugar
to ATP

Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymes to

break down nutrients for the cell

Define plasma membrane

A selectively permeable
membrane which encloses a cell

What structures are in a

membrane

AKA Cell membrane

Phospholipid bilayer
Peripheral protein
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins
Integral proteins

What are the six functions of the

plasma membrane/membrane
protein

Phospholipids are composed of

The heads of phospholipids are

The tails of phospholipids are

Define diffusion

PP-CGI
Hormone binding
Enzymatic action
Cell adhesion
Cell to cell communication
Channels for passive transport
Pumps for active transport
HECCCP
Glycerol (3 carbon compound)

Hydrophilic
Water soluble
Polar
Alcohol
Hydrophobic
Not water soluble
Non-polar
Fatty acid
The movement of particles from
an area of high concentration to
an area of lower concentration,