Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
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Ahmad Madani
Minister of Defence
In office
7 February 1979 17 September 1979
Prime Minister
Mehdi Bazargan
Preceded by
Jaffar Shafeghat
Succeeded by
Mostafa Chamran
Governor of Khuzestan
In office
Mehdi Bazargan
Preceded by
Vacant
Succeeded by
Mohammad Gharazi
Personal details
Born
11 February 1928
Kerman, Iran
Died
Political party
Religion
Shia Islam
References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b "Iran: Admiral Ahmad Madani". Immigration and
Refugee Board of Canada. Refworld. 1 February 1989.
Retrieved 28 June 2013.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Biographies". BBC. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
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Abolhassan Banisadr
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Abolhasan Bani Sadr)
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by
adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or
Abolhassan Banisadr
President of Iran
In office
4 February 1980 21 June 1981
Supreme Leader
Ruhollah Khomeini
Prime Minister
Mohammad-Ali Rajai
Succeeded by
Mohammad-Ali Rajai
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
Prime Minister
Mehdi Bazargan
Preceded by
Ebrahim Yazdi
Succeeded by
Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
Minister of Finance
In office
Mehdi Bazargan
Preceded by
Ali Ardalan
Succeeded by
Hossein Namazi
Personal details
Born
Political party
Independent
Other political
affiliations
Spouse(s)
Ozra Banisadr
Religion
Shia Islam
Signature
2 Career
o
2.1 Impeachment
3.2 Views
4 Personal life
5 Books
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Career[edit]
Impeachment[edit]
This section of a biographical article needs additional citations for verification.Please
help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is
unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if
potentially libelous or harmful. (June 2013)
The Majlis (Iran's Parliament) impeached Banisadr in his absence on 21 June 1981,
[8]
allegedly because of his moves against the clerics in power,[9] in particular Mohammad
Beheshti, then head of the judicial system. Khomeini himself appears to have instigated the
impeachment, which he signed the next day.
Even before Khomeini had signed the impeachment papers, the Revolutionary Guard had
seized the Presidential buildings and gardens, and imprisoned writers at a newspaper
closely tied to Banisadr. Over the next few days, they executed several of his closest
friends, including Hossein Navab, Rashid Sadrolhefazi and Manouchehr
Massoudi. Ayatollah Hussein Ali Montazeri was among the few people in the government in
support of Banisadr, but he was soon stripped of his powers.
At the same time, the Iranian government outlawed all political parties, except the Islamic
Republic Party. Government forces arrested and imprisoned members of other parties, such
as the People's Mujahedin, Fadaian Khalq, Tudeh, and Paikar.
Banisadr went into hiding for a few days before his removal, and hid in Tehran, protected by
the People's Mujahedin (PMOI) . He attempted to organize an alliance of anti-Khomeini
factions to retake power, including the PMOI, KDP, and the Fedaian Organisation (Minority),
while eschewing any contact with pro-Shah exile groups. He met numerous times while in
hiding with PMOI leader Massoud Rajavi to plan an alliance, but after the execution on 27
July of PMOI member Mohammadreza Saadati, Banisadr and Rajavi concluded that it was
unsafe to remain in Iran.[10]
This article contains Persian
text.Without proper rendering
support, you may see question
marks, boxes, or other symbols.
In Banisadr's view, this impeachment was a coup d'tat against the democracy in Iran. In
order to settle the political differences in the country President Banisadr had asked for
a referendum.[11]
Banisadr in 2010
When Banisadr was impeached on 21 June 1981 he had fled and had been hiding in
western Iran.[8] On 29 July, Banisadr and Masoud Rajavi were smuggled aboard anIranian
Air Force Boeing 707 piloted by Colonel Behzad Moezzi.[3] It followed a routine flight plan
before deviating out of Iranian groundspace to Turkish airspace and eventually landing
in Paris.[8]
Banisadr and Rajavi found political asylum in Paris, conditional on abstaining from antiKhomeini activities in France. This restriction was effectively ignored after France evacuated
its embassy in Tehran. Banisadr, Rajavi and the Kurdish Democratic Party set up
the National Council of Resistance of Iran in Paris in October 1981.[3][10] However, Banisadr
soon fell out with Rajavi, accusing him of ideologies favouring dictatorship and violence.
Furthermore, Banisadr opposed the armed opposition as initiated and sustained by Rajavi,
and sought support for Iran during the war with Iraq.
My Turn to Speak[edit]
In 1991, Banisadr released an English translation of his 1989 text My Turn to Speak: Iran,
the Revolution and Secret Deals with the U.S..[12] In the book, Banisadr alleged covert
dealings between the Ronald Reagan presidential campaign and leaders in Tehran to
prolong the Iran hostage crisis before the 1980 U.S. presidential election.[13] He also claimed
that Henry Kissinger plotted to set up a Palestinian state in the Iranian
province of Khuzistan and that Zbigniew Brzezinski conspired with Saddam Hussein to
plot Iraq's 1980 invasion of Iran.[12]
In a review for Foreign Affairs, William B. Quandt described the book as "a rambling, selfserving series of reminiscences" and "long on sensational allegations and devoid of
documentation that might lend credence to Bani-Sadr's claims." [12] Kirkus Reviews called it
"an interesting-though frequently incredible and consistently self-serving-memoir" and said
"frequent sensational accusations render his tale an eccentric, implausible commentary on
the tragic folly of the Iranian Revolution." [14]
Views[edit]
Banisadr, in a 2008 interview with the Voice of America in the 29th anniversary of the
revolution, claimed that Khomenei is directly responsible for the violence originated from the
Muslim world and that Khomenei did turn against his promises stated in exile following the
revolution.[15] In July 2009, Banisadr publicly denounced the Iranian government's conduct
after the disputed presidential election: "Khamenei ordered the fraud in the presidential
elections and the ensuing crackdown on protesters." He said the government was "holding
on to power solely by means of violence and terror" and accused its leaders of amassing
wealth for themselves, to the detriment of other Iranians. [16]
In published articles on the 2009 Iranian election protests, he ascribed the unusually open
political climate before the election to the government's great need to prove its legitimacy.
[17]
However, he said the government had lost all legitimacy. In particular, the spontaneous
uprising had cost it its political legitimacy, and Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's
threats leading to the violent crackdown its religious legitimacy.[citation needed]
Personal life[edit]
Banisadr lives in Versailles, near Paris, in a villa closely guarded by French police.[16]
[17]
Banisadr's daughter, Firoozeh, married Masoud Rajavi in Paris following their exile. [3][18]
[19]
They later divorced and the alliance between him and Rajavi also ended. [3][18]
Books[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
1. Jump up^ Abolhasan Bani Sadr Answers
2. Jump up^ Jessup, John E. (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of
Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996. Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press. p. 57. via Questia (subscription required)
3. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle; Ali
Mohammadi (January 1987). "Post-Revolutionary Iranian Exiles: A
Study in Impotence". Third World Quarterly 9 (1): 108
129. doi:10.1080/01436598708419964.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b Rubin, Barry (1980). Paved with Good
Intentions (PDF). New York: Penguin Books. p. 308.
5. Jump up^ Metz, Helen Chapin. "The Revolution" (PDF). Phobos.
Retrieved 10 August 2013.
6. Jump up^ Facts on File 1980 Yearbook, p. 88
7. Jump up^ Mozaffari, Mahdi (1993). "Changes in the Iranian
political system after Khomeini's death". Political Studies XLI: 611
617.doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1993.tb01659.x. Retrieved 30
July 2013.
8. ^ Jump up to:a b c Sahimi, Mohammad (20 August 2013). "Iran's
Bloody Decade of 1980s". Payvand. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
9. Jump up^ "Iranian presidential elections 2013: the essential
guide". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
10. ^ Jump up to:a b Sepehr Zabih (1982). Iran Since the Revolution.
Taylor & Francis. pp. 133136. ISBN 0-7099-3000-3.
11. Jump up^ Abolhassan, Bani-Sadr. "35 Years On, It is Time to
Return to the Democratic Spirit of the Iranian
Revolution". Huffington Post. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
12. ^ Jump up to:a b c Quandt, Walter B. (Winter 1991). "My Turn To
Speak: Iran, The Revolution And Secret Deals With The
U.S.". Foreign Affairs (Council on Foreign Relations).
Retrieved June 15, 2015.
13. Jump up^ Neil A Lewis (7 May 1991). "Bani-Sadr, in U.S., Renews
Charges of 1980 Deal". New York Times. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
14. Jump up^ Kirkus Reviews (March 15, 1991). "My Turn to Speak:
Iran, the Revolution and Secret Deals with the
U.S.".http://www.kirkusreviews.com. Kirkus Reviews.
Retrieved June 15, 2015.
15. Jump up^ "Persian TV weekly highlights". Voice of America. 19
February 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
16. ^ Jump up to:a b "Former Iran president says Khamenei behind
election "fraud"". WashingtonTV. 7 July 2009. Retrieved 31
July 2009.
17. ^ Jump up to:a b Abolhassan Banisadr (3 July 2009). "The Regime
Cares Nothing about Human Rights". Die Welt / Qantara.
Retrieved31 July 2009.
18. ^ Jump up to:a b Irani, Bahar (19 February 2011). "Indispensability
of Examining Sexual Abuses within the Cult of Rajavi". Habilian
Association. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
19. Jump up^ Smith, Craig S. (24 September 2005). "Exiled Iranians
Try to Foment Revolution From France". The New York Times.
Retrieved 29 July 2013.
External links[edit]
Iran portal
Biography portal
Politics portal
Preceded by
Ali Ardalan
Succeeded by
Hossein Namazi
Preceded by
Ebrahim Yazdi
Succeeded by
Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
Preceded by
Mahmoud Taleghani
Succeeded by
Position abolished
Preceded by
Mohammad-Reza Pahlavi
President of Iran
19801981
Succeeded by
Mohammad-Ali Rajai
as Shah of Iran
[show]
Authority control
GND: 118506412
BNF: cb121090045 (data)
Categories:
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Living people
Government ministers of Iran
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Impeached officials
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People from Hamadan
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National Front (Iran) politicians
Abolhassan Banisadr
People of the Iranian Revolution
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