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201561

>>2015

China'sMilitaryStrategy(English)
www.scio.gov.cn20150526

TheInformationOfficeoftheStateCouncilonTuesdaypublishedawhitepaperonChina'smilitarystrategy.
Followingisthefulltext:
China'sMilitaryStrategy
TheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeople'sRepublicofChina
May2015,Beijing
Contents
Preface
I.NationalSecuritySituation
II.MissionsandStrategicTasksofChina'sArmedForces
III.StrategicGuidelineofActiveDefense
IV.BuildingandDevelopmentofChina'sArmedForces
V.PreparationforMilitaryStruggle
VI.MilitaryandSecurityCooperation
Preface
Theworldtodayisundergoingunprecedentedchanges,andChinaisatacriticalstageofreformanddevelopment.IntheirendeavortorealizetheChineseDream
ofgreatnationalrejuvenation,theChinesepeopleaspiretojoinhandswiththerestoftheworldtomaintainpeace,pursuedevelopmentandshareprosperity.
China'sdestinyisvitallyinterrelatedwiththatoftheworldasawhole.AprosperousandstableworldwouldprovideChinawithopportunities,whileChina's
peacefuldevelopmentalsooffersanopportunityforthewholeworld.Chinawillunswervinglyfollowthepathofpeacefuldevelopment,pursueanindependent
foreignpolicyofpeaceandanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature,opposehegemonismandpowerpoliticsinallforms,andwillneverseek
hegemonyorexpansion.China'sarmedforceswillremainastaunchforceinmaintainingworldpeace.
BuildingastrongnationaldefenseandpowerfularmedforcesisastrategictaskofChina'smodernizationdriveandasecurityguaranteeforChina'speaceful
development.Subordinatetoandservingthenationalstrategicgoal,China'smilitarystrategyisanoverarchingguidanceforblueprintinganddirectingthe
buildingandemploymentofthecountry'sarmedforces.Atthisnewhistoricalstartingpoint,China'sarmedforceswilladaptthemselvestonewchangesinthe

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nationalsecurityenvironment,firmlyfollowthegoaloftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)tobuildastrongmilitaryforthenewsituation,implementthe
militarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,acceleratethemodernizationofnationaldefenseandarmedforces,resolutelysafeguardChina's
sovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests,andprovideastrongguaranteeforachievingthenationalstrategicgoalofthe"twocentenaries"andforrealizing
theChineseDreamofachievingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.
I.NationalSecuritySituation
Intoday'sworld,theglobaltrendstowardmultipolarityandeconomicglobalizationareintensifying,andaninformationsocietyisrapidlycomingintobeing.
Countriesareincreasinglyboundtogetherinacommunityofshareddestiny.Peace,development,cooperationandmutualbenefithavebecomeanirresistibletide
ofthetimes.
Profoundchangesaretakingplaceintheinternationalsituation,asmanifestedinthehistoricchangesinthebalanceofpower,globalgovernancestructure,Asia
Pacificgeostrategiclandscape,andinternationalcompetitionintheeconomic,scientificandtechnological,andmilitaryfields.Theforcesforworldpeaceareon
therise,soarethefactorsagainstwar.Intheforeseeablefuture,aworldwarisunlikely,andtheinternationalsituationisexpectedtoremaingenerallypeaceful.
Thereare,however,newthreatsfromhegemonism,powerpoliticsandneointerventionism.Internationalcompetitionfortheredistributionofpower,rightsand
interestsistendingtointensify.Terroristactivitiesaregrowingincreasinglyworrisome.Hotspotissues,suchasethnic,religious,borderandterritorialdisputes,
arecomplexandvolatile.Smallscalewars,conflictsandcrisesarerecurrentinsomeregions.Therefore,theworldstillfacesbothimmediateandpotential
threatsoflocalwars.
Withagenerallyfavorableexternalenvironment,Chinawillremaininanimportantperiodofstrategicopportunitiesforitsdevelopment,aperiodinwhichmuch
canbeachieved.China'scomprehensivenationalstrength,corecompetitivenessandriskresistancecapacityarenotablyincreasing,andChinaenjoysgrowing
internationalstandingandinfluence.Domestically,theChinesepeople'sstandardoflivinghasremarkablyimproved,andChinesesocietyremainsstable.China,
asalargedevelopingcountry,stillfacesmultipleandcomplexsecuritythreats,aswellasincreasingexternalimpedimentsandchallenges.Subsistenceand
developmentsecurityconcerns,aswellastraditionalandnontraditionalsecuritythreatsareinterwoven.Therefore,Chinahasanarduoustasktosafeguardits
nationalunification,territorialintegrityanddevelopmentinterests.
AstheworldeconomicandstrategiccenterofgravityisshiftingevermorerapidlytotheAsiaPacificregion,theUScarriesonits"rebalancing"strategyand
enhancesitsmilitarypresenceanditsmilitaryalliancesinthisregion.Japanissparingnoefforttododgethepostwarmechanism,overhaulingitsmilitaryand
securitypolicies.Suchdevelopmenthascausedgraveconcernsamongothercountriesintheregion.OntheissuesconcerningChina'sterritorialsovereigntyand
maritimerightsandinterests,someofitsoffshoreneighborstakeprovocativeactionsandreinforcetheirmilitarypresenceonChina'sreefsandislandsthatthey
haveillegallyoccupied.SomeexternalcountriesarealsobusymeddlinginSouthChinaSeaaffairsatinyfewmaintainconstantcloseinairandseasurveillance
andreconnaissanceagainstChina.ItisthusalongstandingtaskforChinatosafeguarditsmaritimerightsandinterests.Certaindisputesoverlandterritoryare
stillsmoldering.TheKoreanPeninsulaandNortheastAsiaareshroudedininstabilityanduncertainty.Regionalterrorism,separatismandextremismarerampant.
AllthesehaveanegativeimpactonthesecurityandstabilityalongChina'speriphery.
TheTaiwanissuebearsonChina'sreunificationandlongtermdevelopment,andreunificationisaninevitabletrendinthecourseofnationalrejuvenation.In
recentyears,crossTaiwanStraitsrelationshavesustainedasoundmomentumofpeacefuldevelopment,buttherootcauseofinstabilityhasnotyetbeen
removed,andthe"Taiwanindependence"separatistforcesandtheiractivitiesarestillthebiggestthreattothepeacefuldevelopmentofcrossStraitsrelations.
Further,Chinafacesaformidabletasktomaintainpoliticalsecurityandsocialstability.Separatistforcesfor"EastTurkistanindependence"and"Tibet
independence"haveinflictedseriousdamage,particularlywithescalatingviolentterroristactivitiesby"EastTurkistanindependence"forces.Besides,antiChina
forceshavenevergivenuptheirattempttoinstigatea"colorrevolution"inthiscountry.Consequently,Chinafacesmorechallengesintermsofnationalsecurity
andsocialstability.WiththegrowthofChina'snationalinterests,itsnationalsecurityismorevulnerabletointernationalandregionalturmoil,terrorism,piracy,
seriousnaturaldisastersandepidemics,andthesecurityofoverseasinterestsconcerningenergyandresources,strategicsealinesofcommunication(SLOCs),as
wellasinstitutions,personnelandassetsabroad,hasbecomeanimminentissue.
Theworldrevolutioninmilitaryaffairs(RMA)isproceedingtoanewstage.Longrange,precise,smart,stealthyandunmannedweaponsandequipmentare
becomingincreasinglysophisticated.Outerspaceandcyberspacehavebecomenewcommandingheightsinstrategiccompetitionamongallparties.Theformof
warisacceleratingitsevolutiontoinformationization.Worldmajorpowersareactivelyadjustingtheirnationalsecuritystrategiesanddefensepolicies,and
speedinguptheirmilitarytransformationandforcerestructuring.Theaforementionedrevolutionarychangesinmilitarytechnologiesandtheformofwarhave

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notonlyhadasignificantimpactontheinternationalpoliticalandmilitarylandscapes,butalsoposednewandseverechallengestoChina'smilitarysecurity.
II.MissionsandStrategicTasksofChina'sArmedForces
China'snationalstrategicgoalistocompletethebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsby2021whentheCPCcelebratesitscentenaryand
thebuildingofamodernsocialistcountrythatisprosperous,strong,democratic,culturallyadvancedandharmoniousby2049whenthePeople'sRepublicof
China(PRC)marksitscentenary.ItisaChineseDreamofachievingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.TheChineseDreamistomakethecountry
strong.China'sarmedforcestaketheirdreamofmakingthemilitarystrongaspartoftheChineseDream.Withoutastrongmilitary,acountrycanbeneithersafe
norstrong.Inthenewhistoricalperiod,aimingattheCPC'sgoalofbuildingastrongmilitaryinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswillunswervingly
adheretotheprincipleoftheCPC'sabsoluteleadership,upholdcombateffectivenessasthesoleandfundamentalstandard,carryontheirglorioustraditions,and
worktobuildthemselvesintoapeople'smilitarythatfollowstheCPC'scommands,canfightandwin,andboastsafinestyleofwork.
Inthenewcircumstances,thenationalsecurityissuesfacingChinaencompassfarmoresubjects,extendoveragreaterrange,andcoveralongertimespanthanat
anytimeinthecountry'shistory.Internallyandexternally,thefactorsatplayaremorecomplexthaneverbefore.Therefore,itisnecessarytoupholdaholistic
viewofnationalsecurity,balanceinternalandexternalsecurity,homelandandcitizensecurity,traditionalandnontraditionalsecurity,subsistenceand
developmentsecurity,andChina'sownsecurityandthecommonsecurityoftheworld.
TorealizeChina'snationalstrategicgoalandimplementtheholisticviewofnationalsecurity,newrequirementshavebeenraisedforinnovativedevelopmentof
China'smilitarystrategyandtheaccomplishmentofmilitarymissionsandtasks.Inresponsetothenewrequirementofsafeguardingnationalsecurityand
developmentinterests,China'sarmedforceswillworkhardertocreateafavorablestrategicposturewithmoreemphasisontheemploymentofmilitaryforces
andmeans,andprovideasolidsecurityguaranteeforthecountry'speacefuldevelopment.Inresponsetothenewrequirementarisingfromthechangingsecurity
situation,thearmedforceswillconstantlyinnovatestrategicguidanceandoperationalthoughtssoastoensurethecapabilitiesoffightingandwinning.In
responsetothenewrequirementarisingfromtheworldwideRMA,thearmedforceswillpaycloseattentiontothechallengesinnewsecuritydomains,andwork
hardtoseizethestrategicinitiativeinmilitarycompetition.Inresponsetothenewrequirementcomingfromthecountry'sgrowingstrategicinterests,thearmed
forceswillactivelyparticipateinbothregionalandinternationalsecuritycooperationandeffectivelysecureChina'soverseasinterests.Andinresponsetothenew
requirementarisingfromChina'sallroundanddeepeningreform,thearmedforceswillcontinuetofollowthepathofcivilmilitaryintegration(CMI),actively
participateinthecountry'seconomicandsocialconstruction,andfirmlymaintainsocialstability,soastoremainastaunchforceforupholdingtheCPC'sruling
positionandareliableforcefordevelopingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.
China'sarmedforceswilleffectivelyperformtheirmissionsinthenewhistoricalperiod,resolutelyupholdtheleadershipoftheCPCandthesocialistsystem
withChinesecharacteristics,safeguardChina'ssovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests,safeguardtheimportantperiodofstrategicopportunitiesfor
China'sdevelopment,maintainregionalandworldpeace,andstrivetoprovideastrongguaranteeforcompletingthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussociety
inallrespectsandachievingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.
China'sarmedforcesmainlyshoulderthefollowingstrategictasks:
Todealwithawiderangeofemergenciesandmilitarythreats,andeffectivelysafeguardthesovereigntyandsecurityofChina'sterritorialland,airandsea
Toresolutelysafeguardtheunificationofthemotherland
TosafeguardChina'ssecurityandinterestsinnewdomains
TosafeguardthesecurityofChina'soverseasinterests
Tomaintainstrategicdeterrenceandcarryoutnuclearcounterattack
Toparticipateinregionalandinternationalsecuritycooperationandmaintainregionalandworldpeace
Tostrengtheneffortsinoperationsagainstinfiltration,separatismandterrorismsoastomaintainChina'spoliticalsecurityandsocialstabilityand
Toperformsuchtasksasemergencyrescueanddisasterrelief,rightsandinterestsprotection,guardduties,andsupportfornationaleconomicandsocial
development.

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III.StrategicGuidelineofActiveDefense
ThestrategicconceptofactivedefenseistheessenceoftheCPC'smilitarystrategicthought.Fromthelongtermpracticeofrevolutionarywars,thepeople's
armedforceshavedevelopedacompletesetofstrategicconceptsofactivedefense,whichboilsdownto:adherencetotheunityofstrategicdefenseand
operationalandtacticaloffenseadherencetotheprinciplesofdefense,selfdefenseandpostemptivestrikeandadherencetothestancethat"Wewillnotattack
unlessweareattacked,butwewillsurelycounterattackifattacked."
ShortlyafterthefoundingofthePRCin1949,theCentralMilitaryCommission(CMC)establishedthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefense,andlater,in
linewiththedevelopmentsandchangesinthenationalsecuritysituation,hadmadeanumberofmajorrevisionsofit.In1993themilitarystrategicguidelineof
thenewerawasformulated,whichtookwinninglocalwarsinconditionsofmoderntechnology,particularlyhightechnology,asthebasicpointinmaking
preparationformilitarystruggle(PMS).In2004,theguidelinewasfurthersubstantiated,andthebasicpointforPMSwasmodifiedtowinninglocalwarsunder
conditionsofinformationization.
China'ssocialistnature,fundamentalnationalinterestsandtheobjectiverequirementoftakingthepathofpeacefuldevelopmentalldemandthatChina
unswervinglyadheretoandenrichthestrategicconceptofactivedefense.Guidedbynationalsecurityanddevelopmentstrategies,andrequiredbythesituation
andtheirtasksinthenewhistoricalperiod,China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetoimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseandenhance
militarystrategicguidanceasthetimessorequire.Theywillfurtherbroadenstrategicvision,updatestrategicthinkingandmakestrategicguidancemore
forwardlooking.Aholisticapproachwillbetakentobalancewarpreparationandwarprevention,rightsprotectionandstabilitymaintenance,deterrenceand
warfighting,andoperationsinwartimeandemploymentofmilitaryforcesinpeacetime.Theywilllaystressonfarsightedplanningandmanagementtocreatea
favorableposture,comprehensivelymanagecrises,andresolutelydeterandwinwars.
Toimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswilladjustthebasicpointforPMS.Inlinewiththe
evolvingformofwarandnationalsecuritysituation,thebasicpointforPMSwillbeplacedonwinninginformationizedlocalwars,highlightingmaritime
militarystruggleandmaritimePMS.Thearmedforceswillworktoeffectivelycontrolmajorcrises,properlyhandlepossiblechainreactions,andfirmly
safeguardthecountry'sterritorialsovereignty,integrityandsecurity.
Toimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswillinnovatebasicoperationaldoctrines.Inresponseto
securitythreatsfromdifferentdirectionsandinlinewiththeircurrentcapabilities,thearmedforceswilladheretotheprinciplesofflexibility,mobilityandself
dependencesothat"youfightyourwayandIfightmyway."Integratedcombatforceswillbeemployedtoprevailinsystemvssystemoperationsfeaturing
informationdominance,precisionstrikesandjointoperations.
Toimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswilloptimizethemilitarystrategiclayout.Inviewof
China'sgeostrategicenvironment,thesecuritythreatsitfacesandthestrategictaskstheyshoulder,thearmedforceswillmakeoverallplanningforstrategic
deploymentandmilitarydisposition,inordertoclearlydivideareasofresponsibilityfortheirtroops,andenablethemtosupporteachotherandactasanorganic
whole.Threatsfromsuchnewsecuritydomainsasouterspaceandcyberspacewillbedealtwithtomaintainthecommonsecurityoftheworldcommunity.
China'sarmedforceswillstrengtheninternationalsecuritycooperationinareascruciallyrelatedtoChina'soverseasinterests,toensurethesecurityofsuch
interests.
Toimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswillupholdthefollowingprinciples:
Tobesubordinatetoandintheserviceofthenationalstrategicgoal,implementtheholisticviewofnationalsecurity,strengthenPMS,preventcrises,deter
andwinwars
TofosterastrategicposturefavorabletoChina'speacefuldevelopment,adheretothenationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature,persevereinclose
coordinationofpolitical,military,economicanddiplomaticwork,andpositivelycopewithcomprehensivesecuritythreatsthecountrypossiblyencounters
Tostrikeabalancebetweenrightsprotectionandstabilitymaintenance,andmakeoverallplanningforboth,safeguardnationalterritorialsovereigntyand
maritimerightsandinterests,andmaintainsecurityandstabilityalongChina'speriphery
Toendeavortoseizethestrategicinitiativeinmilitarystruggle,proactivelyplanformilitarystruggleinalldirectionsanddomains,andgrasptheopportunities

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toacceleratemilitarybuilding,reformanddevelopment
Toemploystrategiesandtacticsfeaturingflexibilityandmobility,givefullplaytotheoveralleffectivenessofjointoperations,concentratesuperiorforces,
andmakeintegrateduseofalloperationalmeansandmethods
Tomakeseriouspreparationstocopewiththemostcomplexanddifficultscenarios,upholdbottomlinethinking,anddoasolidjobinallaspectssoasto
ensureproperresponsestosuchscenarioswitheaseatanytimeandinanycircumstances
Tobringintofullplaytheuniquepoliticaladvantagesofthepeople'sarmedforces,upholdtheCPC'sabsoluteleadershipoverthemilitary,accentuatethe
cultivationoffightingspirit,enforcestrictdiscipline,improvetheprofessionalismandstrengthofthetroops,buildcloserrelationsbetweenthegovernmentand
themilitaryaswellasbetweenthepeopleandthemilitary,andboostthemoraleofofficersandmen
Togivefullplaytotheoverallpoweroftheconceptofpeople'swar,persistinemployingitasanaceweapontotriumphovertheenemy,enrichthecontents,
waysandmeansoftheconceptofpeople'swar,andpressforwardwiththeshiftofthefocusofwarmobilizationfromhumanresourcestoscienceand
technologyand
Toactivelyexpandmilitaryandsecuritycooperation,deepenmilitaryrelationswithmajorpowers,neighboringcountriesandotherdevelopingcountries,and
promotetheestablishmentofaregionalframeworkforsecurityandcooperation.
IV.BuildingandDevelopmentofChina'sArmedForces
Intheimplementationofthemilitarystrategicguidelineinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforcesmustcloselycenteraroundtheCPC'sgoalofbuildingastrong
military,respondtothestate'scoresecurityneeds,aimatbuildinganinformationizedmilitaryandwinninginformationizedwars,deepenthereformofnational
defenseandthearmedforcesinanallroundway,buildamodernsystemofmilitaryforceswithChinesecharacteristics,andconstantlyenhancetheircapabilities
foraddressingvarioussecuritythreatsandaccomplishingdiversifiedmilitarytasks.
DevelopmentoftheServicesandArmsofthePeople'sLiberationArmy(PLA)andthePeople'sArmedPoliceForce(PAPF)
Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofmobileoperationsandmultidimensionaloffenseanddefense,thePLAArmy(PLAA)willcontinuetoreorientfrom
theaterdefensetotranstheatermobility.Intheprocessofbuildingsmall,multifunctionalandmodularunits,thePLAAwilladaptitselftotasksindifferent
regions,developthecapacityofitscombatforcesfordifferentpurposes,andconstructacombatforcestructureforjointoperations.ThePLAAwillelevateits
capabilitiesforprecise,multidimensional,transtheater,multifunctionalandsustainableoperations.
Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofoffshorewatersdefenseandopenseasprotection,thePLANavy(PLAN)willgraduallyshiftitsfocusfrom"offshore
watersdefense"tothecombinationof"offshorewatersdefense"with"openseasprotection,"andbuildacombined,multifunctionalandefficientmarinecombat
forcestructure.ThePLANwillenhanceitscapabilitiesforstrategicdeterrenceandcounterattack,maritimemaneuvers,jointoperationsatsea,comprehensive
defenseandcomprehensivesupport.
Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofbuildingairspacecapabilitiesandconductingoffensiveanddefensiveoperations,thePLAAirForce(PLAAF)will
endeavortoshiftitsfocusfromterritorialairdefensetobothdefenseandoffense,andbuildanairspacedefenseforcestructurethatcanmeettherequirementsof
informationizedoperations.ThePLAAFwillboostitscapabilitiesforstrategicearlywarning,airstrike,airandmissiledefense,informationcountermeasures,
airborneoperations,strategicprojectionandcomprehensivesupport.
Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofbeingleanandeffectiveandpossessingbothnuclearandconventionalmissiles,thePLASecondArtilleryForce
(PLASAF)willstrivetotransformitselfinthedirectionofinformationization,pressforwardwithindependentinnovationsinweaponryandequipmentby
relianceonscienceandtechnology,enhancethesafety,reliabilityandeffectivenessofmissilesystems,andimprovetheforcestructurefeaturingacombinationof
bothnuclearandconventionalcapabilities.ThePLASAFwillstrengthenitscapabilitiesforstrategicdeterrenceandnuclearcounterattack,andmediumand
longrangeprecisionstrikes.
Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofperformingmultiplefunctionsandeffectivelymaintainingsocialstability,thePAPFwillcontinuetodevelopitsforces
forguardandsecurity,contingencyresponse,stabilitymaintenance,counterterrorismoperations,emergencyrescueanddisasterrelief,emergencysupportand

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airsupport,andworktoimproveaforcestructurewhichhighlightsguardduty,contingencyresponse,counterterrorismandstabilitymaintenance.ThePAPF
willenhanceitscapabilitiesforperformingdiversifiedtaskscenteringonguarddutyandcontingencyresponseininformationizedconditions.
ForceDevelopmentinCriticalSecurityDomains
Theseasandoceansbearontheenduringpeace,lastingstabilityandsustainabledevelopmentofChina.Thetraditionalmentalitythatlandoutweighsseamustbe
abandoned,andgreatimportancehastobeattachedtomanagingtheseasandoceansandprotectingmaritimerightsandinterests.ItisnecessaryforChinato
developamodernmaritimemilitaryforcestructurecommensuratewithitsnationalsecurityanddevelopmentinterests,safeguarditsnationalsovereigntyand
maritimerightsandinterests,protectthesecurityofstrategicSLOCsandoverseasinterests,andparticipateininternationalmaritimecooperation,soastoprovide
strategicsupportforbuildingitselfintoamaritimepower.
Outerspacehasbecomeacommandingheightininternationalstrategiccompetition.Countriesconcernedaredevelopingtheirspaceforcesandinstruments,and
thefirstsignsofweaponizationofouterspacehaveappeared.Chinahasallalongadvocatedthepeacefuluseofouterspace,opposedtheweaponizationofand
armsraceinouterspace,andtakenanactivepartininternationalspacecooperation.Chinawillkeepabreastofthedynamicsofouterspace,dealwithsecurity
threatsandchallengesinthatdomain,andsecureitsspaceassetstoserveitsnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,andmaintainouterspacesecurity.
Cyberspacehasbecomeanewpillarofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,andanewdomainofnationalsecurity.Asinternationalstrategiccompetitionin
cyberspacehasbeenturningincreasinglyfiercer,quiteafewcountriesaredevelopingtheircybermilitaryforces.Beingoneofthemajorvictimsofhacker
attacks,Chinaisconfrontedwithgravesecuritythreatstoitscyberinfrastructure.Ascyberspaceweighsmoreinmilitarysecurity,Chinawillexpeditethe
developmentofacyberforce,andenhanceitscapabilitiesofcyberspacesituationawareness,cyberdefense,supportforthecountry'sendeavorsincyberspaceand
participationininternationalcybercooperation,soastostemmajorcybercrises,ensurenationalnetworkandinformationsecurity,andmaintainnationalsecurity
andsocialstability.
Thenuclearforceisastrategiccornerstoneforsafeguardingnationalsovereigntyandsecurity.Chinahasalwayspursuedthepolicyofnofirstuseofnuclear
weaponsandadheredtoaselfdefensivenuclearstrategythatisdefensiveinnature.Chinawillunconditionallynotuseorthreatentousenuclearweaponsagainst
nonnuclearweaponstatesorinnuclearweaponfreezones,andwillneverenterintoanucleararmsracewithanyothercountry.Chinahasalwayskeptits
nuclearcapabilitiesattheminimumlevelrequiredformaintainingitsnationalsecurity.Chinawilloptimizeitsnuclearforcestructure,improvestrategicearly
warning,commandandcontrol,missilepenetration,rapidreaction,andsurvivabilityandprotection,anddeterothercountriesfromusingorthreateningtouse
nuclearweaponsagainstChina.
MilitaryForceBuildingMeasures
Strengtheningideologicalandpoliticalwork.China'sarmedforcesalwaystreatideologicalandpoliticalbuildingasthefirstpriority,andhaveendeavoredto
reinforceandimprovetheirpoliticalworkinthenewsituation.TheywillcontinuetopracticeandcarryforwardtheCoreSocialistValues,cultivatetheCore
ValuesofContemporaryRevolutionaryServicePersonnel,andcarryforwardtheirglorioustraditionsandfinestyles.Moreover,thearmedforceswillupholda
seriesoffundamentalprinciplesforandinstitutionsoftheCPC'sabsoluteleadershipoverthemilitary,enhancethecreativity,cohesionandcombateffectiveness
oftheirCPCorganizationsatalllevels,makegreateffortstocultivateanewgenerationofrevolutionaryservicepersonnelofnoblesoul,competence,courage,
uprightnessandvirtue,andensurethatthearmedforceswillresolutelyfollowthecommandsoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheCMCatalltimesandunder
allconditions,andconsistentlyretainthenatureandpurposeofthepeople'sarmedforces.
Pushingaheadwithlogisticsmodernization.China'sarmedforceswilldeepenlogisticsreforminrelevantpolicies,institutionsandsupportforces,andoptimize
strategiclogisticsdeployment.Theywillinnovatethemodesofsupport,developnewsupportmeans,augmentwarreserves,integratelogisticsinformation
systems,improverulesandstandards,andmeticulouslyorganizesupplyandsupport,soastobuildalogisticssystemthatcanprovidesupportforfightingand
winningmodernwars,servethemodernizationofthearmedforces,andtransformtowardsinformationization.
Developingadvancedweaponryandequipment.Perseveringininformationdominance,systemsbuilding,independentinnovation,sustainabledevelopment,
overallplanning,andemphasisonpriorities,China'sarmedforceswillspeeduptoupgradeweaponryandequipment,andworktodevelopaweaponryand
equipmentsystemwhichcaneffectivelyrespondtoinformationizedwarfareandhelpfulfillthemissionsandtasks.
Cultivatingnewtypemilitarypersonnel.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuewiththestrategicprojectforpersonneltrainingandperfectthesystemformilitary

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humanresources.Theywilldeepenthereformofmilitaryeducationalinstitutionsandimprovethetriadtrainingsystemfornewtypemilitarypersonnel
institutionaleducation,unittrainingandmilitaryprofessionaleducation,soastopoolmoretalentedpeopleandcultivatemorepersonnelwhocanmeetthe
demandsofinformationizedwarfare.
Intensifyingeffortsinrunningthearmedforceswithstrictdisciplineandinaccordancewiththelaw.Aimingatstrengtheningtherevolutionization,
modernizationandregularizationofthearmedforcesinallrespects,Chinawillinnovateanddeveloptheoriesandpracticeinrelationtorunningthearmedforces
inaccordancewiththelaw,establishawellknitmilitarylawsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,soastoelevatethelevelofrulebylawofnationaldefenseand
armedforcesbuilding.
Innovatingmilitarytheories.UndertheguidanceoftheCPC'sinnovativetheories,China'sarmedforceswillintensifytheirstudiesofmilitaryoperations,probe
intothemechanismsofwinningmodernwars,innovatestrategiesandtacticsfeaturingmobilityandflexibility,anddeveloptheoriesonmilitarybuildinginthe
newsituation,soastobringintoplaceasystemofadvancedmilitarytheoriescommensuratewiththerequirementofwinningfuturewars.
Improvingstrategicmanagement.ItisnecessarytooptimizethefunctionsandinstitutionsoftheCMCandthegeneralheadquarters/departments,improvethe
leadershipandmanagementsystemoftheservicesandarms,andadheretodemandbasedplanningandplanbasedresourceallocation.China'sarmedforceswill
setupasystemandaworkingmechanismforoverallandcoordinatedprogrammingandplanning.Theywillalsointensifyoverallsupervisionandmanagement
ofstrategicresources,strengthentheinprocesssupervisionandriskcontrolofmajorprojects,improvemechanismsforstrategicassessment,andsetupand
improverelevantassessmentsystemsandcomplementarystandardsandcodes.
IndepthDevelopmentofCivilMilitaryIntegration(CMI)
Followingtheguidingprincipleofintegratingmilitarywithcivilianpurposesandcombiningmilitaryeffortswithciviliansupport,Chinawillforgefurtherahead
withCMIbyconstantlybetteringthemechanisms,diversifyingtheforms,expandingthescopeandelevatingtheleveloftheintegration,soastoendeavorto
bringintoplaceanallelement,multidomainandcostefficientpatternofCMI.
AcceleratingCMIinkeysectors.Withstrongerpolicysupport,Chinawillworktoestablishuniformmilitaryandcivilianstandardsforinfrastructure,key
technologicalareasandmajorindustries,explorethewaysandmeansfortrainingmilitarypersonnelincivilianeducationalinstitutions,developingweaponryand
equipmentbynationaldefenseindustries,andoutsourcinglogisticssupporttociviliansupportsystems.Chinaencouragesjointbuildingandutilizationofmilitary
andcivilianinfrastructure,jointexplorationofthesea,outerspaceandair,andshareduseofsuchresourcesassurveyingandmapping,navigation,meteorology
andfrequencyspectra.Accordingly,militaryandcivilianresourcescanbemorecompatible,complementaryandmutuallyaccessible.
BuildingamechanismforoperatingCMI.Atthestatelevel,itisnecessarytoestablishamechanismforCMIdevelopment,featuringunifiedleadership,military
civiliancoordination,abutmentofmilitaryandcivilianneeds,andresourcesharing.Furthermore,itisnecessarytoimprovethemanagementresponsibilitiesof
relevantmilitaryandcivilianinstitutions,improvethegeneralstandardsforboththemilitaryandtheciviliansectors,makestudiesontheestablishmentofa
policysysteminwhichthegovernmentmakestheinvestment,offerstaxincentivesandfinancialsupport,andexpediteslegislationpromotingmilitarycivilian
coordinateddevelopment,soastoformapatternfeaturingoverallmilitarycivilianplanningandcoordinateddevelopment.Itisalsonecessarytopushforward
withthesharedutilizationofmilitarycapabilitiesandthoseofothersectors,andestablishamechanismforjointcivilmilitaryresponsetomajorcrisesand
emergencies.
Improvingthesystemsandmechanismsofnationaldefensemobilization.Chinawillenhanceeducationinnationaldefenseandboosttheawarenessofthegeneral
publicinrelationtonationaldefense.Itwillcontinuetostrengthenthebuildingofthereserveforce,optimizeitsstructure,andincreaseitsproportioninthe
PLAN,PLAAFandPLASAFaswellasincombatsupportforces.Thewaystoorganizeandemployreserveforceswillbemorediversified.Chinawilldevote
moreeffortstoscienceandtechnologyinnationaldefensemobilization,bemorereadilypreparedfortherequisitionofinformationresources,andbuild
specializedsupportforces.Chinaaimstobuildanationaldefensemobilizationsystemthatcanmeettherequirementsofwinninginformationizedwarsand
respondingtobothemergenciesandwars.
V.PreparationforMilitaryStruggle
Preparationformilitarystruggle(PMS)isabasicmilitarypracticeandanimportantguaranteeforsafeguardingpeace,containingcrisesandwinningwars.To
expandandintensifyPMS,China'sarmedforcesmustmeettherequirementofbeingcapableoffightingandwinning,focusonsolvingmajorproblemsand

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difficulties,anddosolidworkandmakerelentlesseffortsinpracticalpreparations,inordertoenhancetheiroverallcapabilitiesfordeterrenceandwarfighting.
Enhancingcapabilitiesforsystemvssystemoperationsbasedoninformationsystems.China'sarmedforceswillquickentheirstepstotransformthegenerating
modeofcombateffectiveness,worktouseinformationsystemstointegrateawiderangeofoperationalforces,modulesandelementsintooveralloperational
capacity,andgraduallyestablishanintegratedjointoperationalsysteminwhichallelementsareseamlesslylinkedandvariousoperationalplatformsperform
independentlyandincoordination.China'sarmedforceswillendeavortoaddressthepressingproblemsconstrainingthecapabilitiesforsystemvssystem
operations.Theywillmakefurtherexplorationandmoreefficientutilizationofinformationresources,strengthenthebuildingofthesystemsofreconnaissance,
earlywarningandcommandandcontrol,developmediumandlongrangeprecisionstrikecapabilities,andimprovethecomprehensivesupportsystems.In
accordancewiththerequirementofbeingauthoritative,streamlined,agileandefficient,theywillstrivetoestablishandimprovetheCMCcommandorganand
theaterlevelcommandsystemsforjointoperations.
PushingaheadwithPMSinalldirectionsanddomains.Duetoitscomplexgeostrategicenvironment,Chinafacesvariousthreatsandchallengesinallitsstrategic
directionsandsecuritydomains.Therefore,PMSmustbecarriedoutinawellplanned,prioritized,comprehensiveandcoordinatedway,soastomaintainthe
balanceandstabilityoftheoverallstrategicsituation.China'sarmedforceswillmakeoverallplanningforPMSinbothtraditionalandnewsecuritydomains,and
getreadytosafeguardnationalsovereigntyandsecurity,protectthecountry'smaritimerightsandinterests,anddealwitharmedconflictsandemergencies.To
adapttotheupgradingofweaponryandequipmentaswellaschangesofoperationalpatterns,China'sarmedforceswillfurtheroptimizebattlefielddisposition
andstrengthenstrategicprepositioning.
Maintainingconstantcombatreadiness.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetoimproveitsroutinecombatreadiness,maintainapostureofhighalertness,and
conscientiouslyorganizeborder,coastalandairdefensepatrolsandguardduties.ThePLAAwillimproveitscombatreadinesssystemwithinterconnected
strategicdirections,combinedarmsandsystematizedoperationalsupport,soastoensureagilemaneuversandeffectiveresponse.ThePLANwillcontinueto
organizeandperformregularcombatreadinesspatrolsandmaintainamilitarypresenceinrelevantseaareas.ThePLAAFwillcontinuetoobservetheprinciples
ofapplicabilityinpeacetimeandwartime,alldimensionalresponseandfullterritorialreach,andmaintainvigilantandefficientcombatreadiness.ThePLASAF
willcontinuetokeepanappropriatelevelofvigilanceinpeacetime.Byobservingtheprinciplesofcombiningpeacetimeandwartimedemands,maintainingall
timevigilanceandbeingactionready,itwillprefecttheintegrated,functional,agileandefficientoperationaldutysystem.
Enhancingrealisticmilitarytraining.ThePLAwillcontinuetoattachstrategicimportancetocombattraininginrealisticconditions,andstrictlytemperthe
troopsaccordingtotheOutlineofMilitaryTrainingandEvaluation(OMTE).Itwillconstantlyinnovateoperationalandtrainingmethods,improvemilitary
trainingcriteriaandregulations,andworktobuildlargescalecomprehensivetrainingbasesinanefforttoproviderealcombatenvironmentsfortraining.The
PLAwillcontinuetoconductlivesettingtraining,ITbasedsimulatedtraining,andfaceonfaceconfrontationtraininginlinewithrealcombatcriteria,and
strengthencommandposttrainingandjointandcombinedtraining.Itwillintensifytrainingincomplexelectromagneticenvironments,complexandunfamiliar
terrains,andcomplexweatherconditions.Itwillalsosetupatrainingsupervisionandinspectionsystem,soastoincorporaterealcombatrequirementsinto
training.
Preparingformilitaryoperationsotherthanwar(MOOTWs).AsanecessaryrequirementforChina'sarmedforcestofulfilltheirresponsibilitiesandmissionsin
thenewperiodaswellasanimportantapproachtoenhancingtheiroperationalcapabilities,thearmedforceswillcontinuetoconductsuchMOOTWsas
emergencyrescueanddisasterrelief,counterterrorismandstabilitymaintenance,rightsandinterestsprotection,guardduty,internationalpeacekeeping,and
internationalhumanitarianassistanceanddisasterrelief(HADR).TheywillworktoincorporateMOOTWcapacitybuildingintomilitarymodernizationand
PMS,andpayspecialattentiontoestablishingemergencycommandmechanisms,buildingemergencyforces,trainingprofessionals,supportingtaskspecific
equipment,andformulatingrelevantpoliciesandregulations.Militaryemergencyresponsecommandsystemswillbetunedintostateemergencymanagement
mechanisms.China'sarmedforceswillpersistinunifiedorganizationandcommand,scientificemploymentofforces,rapidandefficientactions,andstrict
observationofrelatedpoliciesandregulations.
VI.MilitaryandSecurityCooperation
Pursuingasecurityconceptfeaturingcommon,comprehensive,cooperativeandsustainablesecurity,China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetodevelopmilitaryto
militaryrelationsthatarenonaligned,nonconfrontationalandnotdirectedagainstanythirdparty.Theywillstrivetoestablishfairandeffectivecollective
securitymechanismsandmilitaryconfidencebuildingmeasures(CBMs),expandmilitaryandsecuritycooperation,andcreateasecurityenvironmentfavorable
toChina'speacefuldevelopment.

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Developingallroundmilitarytomilitaryrelations.China'sarmedforceswillfurthertheirexchangesandcooperationwiththeRussianmilitarywithinthe
frameworkofthecomprehensivestrategicpartnershipofcoordinationbetweenChinaandRussia,andfosteracomprehensive,diverseandsustainableframework
topromotemilitaryrelationsinmorefieldsandatmorelevels.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetofosteranewmodelofmilitaryrelationshipwiththeUS
armedforcesthatconformstothenewmodelofmajorcountryrelationsbetweenthetwocountries,strengthendefensedialogues,exchangesandcooperation,and
improvetheCBMmechanismforthenotificationofmajormilitaryactivitiesaswellastherulesofbehaviorforsafetyofairandmaritimeencounters,soasto
strengthenmutualtrust,preventrisksandmanagecrises.Inthespiritofneighborhooddiplomacyoffriendship,sincerity,reciprocityandinclusiveness,China's
armedforceswillfurtherdeveloprelationswiththeircounterpartsinneighboringcountries.Also,theywillworktoraisethelevelofmilitaryrelationswith
Europeancounterparts,continuethetraditionalfriendlymilitarytieswiththeirAfrican,LatinAmericanandSouthernPacificcounterparts.China'sarmedforces
willworktofurtherdefenseandsecuritycooperationintheShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO),andcontinuetoparticipateinmultilateraldialoguesand
cooperationmechanismssuchastheASEANDefenseMinisters'MeetingPlus(ADMM+),ASEANRegionalForum(ARF),ShangriLaDialogue(SLD),Jakarta
InternationalDefenceDialogue(JIDD)andWesternPacificNavalSymposium(WPNS).TheChinesemilitarywillcontinuetohostmultilateraleventslikethe
XiangshanForum,strivingtoestablishanewframeworkforsecurityandcooperationconducivetopeace,stabilityandprosperityintheAsiaPacificregion.
Pushingaheadwithpragmaticmilitarycooperation.Onthebasisofmutualrespect,equality,mutualbenefitandallwincooperation,China'sarmedforceswill
continuetocarryoutpragmaticcooperationwiththeircounterpartsinvariouscountriesoftheworld.Inresponsetothechangingsituation,China'sarmedforces
willconstantlyexplorenewfields,newcontentsandnewmodelsofcooperationwithothermilitaries,soastojointlydealwithadiverserangeofsecuritythreats
andchallenges.Extensivedialoguesandexchangeswillbeconductedwithforeignmilitariesondefensepolicy,servicesandarmsbuilding,institutional
education,logisticsandothersubjectstopromotemutualunderstanding,mutualtrustandmutuallearning.TheChinesemilitarywillalsostrengthencooperation
withrelatedcountriesinpersonneltraining,materialassistance,equipmentandtechnology,soastostrengthenmutualsupportandenhancerespectivedefensive
capabilities.Bilateralandmultilateraljointexercisesandtraining,involvingvariousservicesandarms,willbeconductedatmultiplelevelsandinvarious
domainstoenhancejointoperationalcapabilities.TheChinesemilitarywillworktoextendthesubjectsofsuchtrainingandexercisesfromnontraditionalto
traditionalsecurityareas.Itwillactivelyparticipateininternationalmaritimesecuritydialoguesandcooperation,andjointlydealwithtraditionalandnon
traditionalmaritimesecuritythreats.
Fulfillinginternationalresponsibilitiesandobligations.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetoparticipateinUNpeacekeepingmissions,strictlyobservethe
mandatesoftheUNSecurityCouncil,maintainitscommitmenttothepeacefulsettlementofconflicts,promotedevelopmentandreconstruction,andsafeguard
regionalpeaceandsecurity.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetotakeanactivepartininternationaldisasterrescueandhumanitarianassistance,dispatch
professionalrescueteamstodisasterstrickenareasforreliefanddisasterreduction,providereliefmaterialsandmedicalaid,andstrengtheninternational
exchangesinthefieldsofrescueanddisasterreduction.Throughtheaforementionedoperations,thearmedforcescanalsoenhancetheirowncapabilitiesand
expertise.FaithfullyfulfillingChina'sinternationalobligations,thecountry'sarmedforceswillcontinuetocarryoutescortmissionsintheGulfofAdenand
otherseaareasasrequired,enhanceexchangesandcooperationwithnavaltaskforcesofothercountries,andjointlysecureinternationalSLOCs.China'sarmed
forceswillengageinextensiveregionalandinternationalsecurityaffairs,andpromotetheestablishmentofthemechanismsofemergencynotification,military
riskprecaution,crisismanagementandconflictcontrol.Withthegrowthofnationalstrength,China'sarmedforceswillgraduallyintensifytheirparticipationin
suchoperationsasinternationalpeacekeepingandhumanitarianassistance,anddotheirutmosttoshouldermoreinternationalresponsibilitiesandobligations,
providemorepublicsecuritygoods,andcontributemoretoworldpeaceandcommondevelopment.

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