JOURNAL READING

EFFECT OF FOOT REFLEX MASSAGE ON STERNOTOMY PAIN AFTER

CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY
Disusun untuk memenuhi tugas Profesi Ners Keperawatan Gawat Darurat
Pembimbing Akademik : Ns. Ahmad Pujianto., S.Kep.,M.Kep.
Pembimbing Klinik : Suryani, S.Kep.,Ns.

Disusun oleh:
Gigih Sanjaya Putra
22020114210033

PROGRAM PROFESI NERS ANGKATAN XXIV

JURUSAN KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
2015

JOURNAL READING
Tanggal : 19 April 2015

Metodologi Penelitian

Nama Mahasiswa : Gigih Sanjaya Putra

Informasi Citasi
Pengarang

Sadegih

Shermeh,

Bozorgzad, P., Ghafourian, A, R., Ebadi,

A. Razmjoei, N., Afzali, M., Azizi, A.
Tahun : 2009
Judul artikel : Effect Of Foot Reflex
Massage On Sternotomy Pain After
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Penerbit/Nama Jurnal : Iranian Journal of
Critical Care Nursing
Volume : 2
Issue/No : 2
Halaman : 51-54

Lokasi Penelitian : Tehran, Iran

Karakteristik Responden :
a. Age less than 70 years
b. History of diabetes less than 15
years
c. Non-addiction
d. Connection time to pump less
than 4 hours
e. Healthy feet
f. Full consciousness and absence
of mental problems
g. Passing 48 hours from surgery
without receiving any narcotic
medication
Jumlah responden : 90 responden
Teknik Sampling : Purposive Sampling
an random sampling
Variable yang diukur/diteliti : Variabel
bebas :foot reflexology. Variabel terikat :
pain after sternotomy
Prosedur penelitian :
1. Acquiring the research morality
committees agreement
2. The researcher acquired

the

informed satisfaction of patients

3. Registering
demographic
information of patients in the
questionnaire through interview

Metode Pengumpulan Data :

1. This

research

is

quasi

experimental study
2. McGill visual pain scale was used
for measurement of pain intensity
3. Data were divided into three test,
control and placebo groups by
purposive sampling method and
with random sampling.
4. Quantitative
variables
studied

by

Kolmogorov
5. Data
were

were

Smirnov
analyzed

with

parametric tests who used SPSS

15 software.
Reliabilitas dan Validitas instrumen yang
digunakan : Uji statistik yang digunakan : Chi square
Latar Belakang

test, ANOVA statistical, Paired t-test

Hasil Penelitian/Studi

Reflex massage is used as a useful Quantitative variables were studied by

treatment method in China, Egypt and Smirnov- Kolmogorov test and the
India for the hundreds of years. Dr Fitz results showed normal distribution with
Jerald introduced some parts of body p>0/05. Then, the data were analyzed
such as ear, nose and throat as treatment with parametric tests. The obtained
points for the first time in early 1900 in results are: 7 questions were about the
south of America. According to this, the demographic information and all of the 3
energy is following through vertical groups were compared. The age average
pathways all over the body from foot to and age standard deviation of the studied
head. So, pressure on a reflex point can units in the 3 groups of test, control and

effect on the whole body such as glands, placebo were 57/4(7/7), 60/27(8/1)
bones and muscles. This idea was and 56/6(2/6) respectively.
completed with a physiologist`s view The number of men and women were the
called Eunice Ingham who presented the same in the

3 groups. Most of study

sensitive points map of the body. After units were married and illiterate. Most of
centuries, there is not still a certain the men were retired and most of the
agreement among reflexologists about women were housekeepers and they were
the effect mechanism of this method. One undergoing open-heart surgery for the
of the proposed theories is that there are first time.
canals in the body, which the life power The pump time average (minutes) was
or the vital energy follows through them

66/95(30/3) in test group, 78/7(43/20)

from feet to whole organs of the body in control group and 86/3(40) in
and any barrier in this flow would finally placebo group. The data analysis with
cause disease. In recent years, use of Chi square test, one-direct variance
treatment methods of the alternative analysis and repeated measures variance
medicine such as massage is increased in analysis demonstrated that there is no
medical units. The soft tissue touching significant difference in demographic
used in the treatment massage, would characteristic

of

the

three

groups

cause pain decrease and ease increase in (p>0/05).

patients and would consequently increase With regard to the research goals, the
patients

adjustment

power

against pain intensity average was 4/6(1/2) in

occurred

conditions.

Nowadays,

the test group, 5/1(1/7) in control group and

relationship between heart disease and 5/6(1/9) in placebo group.

mental situation is proved. Because of ANOVA statistical

test

showed

no

this, use of the alternative medicine for difference between 3 groups about the
these people causes health promotion and pain intensity before the intervention
comfort increase that is very effective on (p>0/05). The pain intensity in the 3
treatment procedure. Coronary diseases groups were 3/34(1/5), 5(1/9) and

are the most common heart disease which 5/46(1/9)

after

in spite of recent effective medical respectively.

intervention,

Paired

t-test

showed

methods of treatment, many patients may significant statistical difference between

require vessel graft. Coronary artery the average scores in test group before
bypass graft (CABG) is an effective and after the intervention; but there was
method for decrease or removal of no significant difference in other groups.
cardiac angina. Chest pain in sternum is Statistical studies showed that the foot
one of the most common complications reflex massage had no significant effect
after CABG. The pain after sternotomy is on vital signs of the patients and the
probably because of the nervous fibers findings

did

not

have

significant

cut in scar and is described as a vague difference in the three groups (p>0.05).
pain around surgery area and in the cut According to the findings of repeated
area. Pain can last for 3 months as a measures variance analysis test, the pain
chronic pain that starts in first hours after variation process had no significant
surgery and would get better usually with difference in the test group and the
narcotic medications until 48 hours after placebo group (p>0.05).
the surgery. The pain causes activation of
the

nervous

system

and

then

the

cardiovascular system and the created

cycle

would

increase

cardiovascular

performance. The heart rate and the

blood

pressure

increase,

increases

myocardium demand for oxygen and this

would hinder the recovery procedure
after surgery. The pain also affects the
activity rate of patients and increases the
surgery complications.
Because of this, the effective pain control

would lead to decrease of cardiopulmonary complications after openheart surgery. Massage is one of the old
techniques used in pain treatment and has
been considered in recent studies very
much. Anderson studied massage effect
on shoulder and neck pain in patients
after CABG in year 2007. Findings of
this study demonstrated the massage
positive effect on pain relief of patients.
Gunnarsdottir has recommended foot
massage on pain relief of CABG patients.
Reflex massage is a simple and none
invasive method that can be taken into
account as a part of nursing care in
intensive units. Because of this, an
interventional study was performed with
the goal of evaluating the effect of foot
reflex massage on chest pain decrease in
CABG patients after surgery.
Tujuan Penelitian/Studi

Implikasi Hasil Penelitian

This study was performed to investigate This research is effective on patients

the effect of foot reflex massage on sternotomy pain after CABG surgery.
sternotomy

pain

of

patients

coronary artery by pass graft surgery

after Beside that, this method is so simple and

cheap. So, it can be used as suitable
supplement for medical therapies and

Pertanyaan Penelitian

analgesics in future.
Kekuatan Penelitian/Studi

How does the effect of foot reflex Foot reflex is effective to decrease pain

massage on sternotomy pain of patients scale after CABG surgery. Babajani,

after coronary artery by pass graft et.all,
surgery ?

studied

the

effect

of

foot

reflexology massage on the level pain

during chest tube removal after open
heart surgery. They states the foot
massages has no significant effect to
increase of the level pain during chest
tube removal after open heart surgery.
Grealish et.al studied the use of foot
massage as a nursing intervention in
patients admitted with cancer. The results
showed that the reflexology has a
significant and immediate effect on the
pain, nausea, and relaxation, when it was
measured with a visual analog scale.
Stephenson et.al studied the effectiveness
of foot reflexology on pain and anxiety in
patients admitted with breast and lung
cancer. The results showed the foot
reflexology intervention in patients with
breast and lung cancer experienced has a

Desain Penelitian/Studi
Quasi experimental study

significant reduction in anxiety and pain.

Keterbatasan Penelitian/Studi
KESIMPULAN

1. There is no difference between 3 groups about the pain intensity before the
intervention (p>0/05), measurement by ANOVA statistical.
2. Paired t-test showed significant statistical difference between the average
scores in test group before and after the intervention; but there was no

significant difference in other groups.

3. Statistical studies showed that the foot reflex massage had no significant
effect on vital signs of the patients and the findings did not have significant
difference in the three groups (p>0.05).
4. According to the findings of repeated measures variance analysis test, the pain
variation process had no significant difference in the test group and the
placebo group (p>0.05).

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Babajani, S., Babatabar, H, D., Ebadi, A., Mahmoudi, H., Nasiri, E. (2014).
The Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage on The Level of Pain During Chest
Tube Removal After Open Heart Surgery. Iran Journal Critical Care Nurse :
Iran. 7(1) : 15-22.
2. Grealish L, Lomasney A, Whiteman B. (2000). Foot Massage. A Nursing
Intervention To Modify The Distressing Symptoms Of Pain And Nausea
Inpatients Hospitalized With Cancer. School of Nursing, Division of Science

and

Design,

University

of

Canberra,

Australia.

23(3):237-43,

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10851775
3. Stephenson NL, Weinrich SP, Tavakoli AS.(2000). The Effects Of Foot
Reflexology On Anxiety And Pain In Patients With Breast And Lung Cance.,
School of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. 27(1):6772. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10660924