Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Invocation
New Turkish
umarm - I hope
Just at beginning
Bsmllah
Goodbye..!
Allahasmal
Hoakal..! - Keep well..!
adk..!
When surprised/disappointed
Allah
Allah..!!
Eyvallah
Ya Allah
Promise, swear
Vallah
Bllah
Evallah
Fully motivated
Almallah
Bored
Fesuphanall
Of! - (a sound)
ah
More bored
Hasbnallah -
Give up
llallah
Allah,
Allah, Allah
Succeeded
Maallah
At failure
Hay Allah
Some of the younger people do not use all these invocations, but you
will hear them everywhere and read them in newspapers and novels, so
to my mind they are useful to know.
Thanks to Alex Taurus and Dicle Dzgn for their contributions - May
2008
Some notes on the formulas above
Allahasmaladk - Means Goodbye. - (lit: We call on Allah..) - when
leaving company or after making a visit to someone's home. This
formula is only spoken by the persons who are actually leaving.
- Listen to
Here our unknown friend is signifying "No" by raising his eyebrows
with an uptilt of the head..
Quite often one will make the sound "tut" at the same time. Note that,
shaking the head from side to side does not mean - "NO". It signifies - I
don't understand.
This is often a mistake made by Europeans when trying to say - "No" and is the cause of many misunderstandings - you must tilt your head
backwards and raise the eyebrows when indicating negation and saying
"No"
If you shake your head to mean - No - you will be misunderstood and
the Turk will probably repeat himself thinking that you have not
understood their meaning...
Turkish Language - Some Daily Turkish Conversational Locutions
Here are a few regularly used locutions translated into Turkish. We all
use these kind of sayings in our daily language to help us think and to
Turkish
According to that
ona gre
At last
nihayet ; sonunda
After all
nede olsa
At least
en azndan
A little
biraz
At most
en ok ; azami
A little bit
bir para
At once
derhal
btn gn
At random
rastgele
All of a sudden
birdenbire
At short notice
All of you
hepiniz
btn dnyada
At the back
arkada
All right
peki
At the door
kapda
All set?
tamam m?
At the end
sonunda
Almost
hemen hemen
ayn zamanda
A longtime ago
oktan beri
As a matter of fact
nitekim
Before long
ok gemeden yaknda
As a rule
usulen
As for me
bana kalrsa
Besides
bundan baka
As if ; as though
sanki ; gya
Better
daha iyi
As usual
Both of you
ikiniz de
As you please
nasl isterseniz
By airmail
uakla
At any rate
her zaman
By heart
ezberden
At first
ilkin
By means of
aracyla
At hand
elde
By no means
asla
By the way
sras gelmiken
By turns
sra ile
Care of
eliyle
How is that?
nasl olur?
Come in!
buyurun ; giriniz
How many?
ka tane
Consequently
bundan dolay
How much.
kaa? ; ne kadar?
Don't mention it
bir ey deil
I am sorry!
affedesiniz!; zlyorum
Don't worry
merak etmeyin
Enclosed
iliik olarak
I am sure
eminim
Ever since
o zamandan beri
zr dilerim
Every day
her gn
Face to face
yz yze
I can't help it
elimde deil
For ever
sonsuzca
Allaha akna!
I don't care
aldrmam!
For Instance
rnein
If need be
gerekirse
For sale
satlk
If possible
kabilse
Ill-timed
zamansz
imdilik
In a hurry
acele ; ivedili
Frequently
sk sk
batan baa
In due course
zamannda
From now on
imdiden sonra
In due time
tam zamannda
bu andan sonra
In every respect
her bakmdan
bundan sonra
In fact
esasen ; nitekim
Full up
dolmutur
In front of
nnde ; karsnda
ie yaramaz
In no time
bir rpda
Good looking
yakkl
In order to
amacyla
Good luck
iyi anslar
In spite of it
ona ramen
Gradually
git gide
In the end
sonunda
Help yourself
buyurun
ilk nce
naslsnz?
In the future
gelecekte
sonunda
In the meantime
bu arada
In the middle
ortada
No doubt
phesiz
In the morning
sabahleyin
No harm done
zarar yok
In the open
ak havada
Not at all
hi de deil
In the shade
glgede
arada srada
Sust
In this case
bu halde
In this manner
bylelikle
Of course
tabii
In time
zamannda ; vaktinde
Of late
geenlerde
In turns
sra ile
On and on
durmadan
Isn't it?
deil mi?
Once again
bir daha
Is that so?
sahi mi?
kesinlikle
I suppose so
galiba
Once a week
haftada bir
fark etmez
Once in a while
ara sra
demez
Once more
It is of no use
bouna
On condition that
artyle
One by one
birer birer
Just a moment
bir dakika
On foot
yryerek
Just in case
ne olur ne olmaz
On leave
izinli
Just in time
tam vaktinde
On purpose
On the contrary
tersine ; aksine
Less
daha az
Let me alone
git iine
On the left
solda
Let's go
gidelim
On the right
sada
Little by little
azar azar
dier taraftan
Long ago
Look out!
dikkat et!
On top of
tepesinde
Over again
tekrar
Made to order
smarlama
Over there
orada
Maybe
belki ; olabilir
Please
More or less
aa yukar
Providing that
artyle
Ready made
hazr konfeksiyon
Till morning
sabaha kadar
Return ticket
gidi-dn bileti
To be sure
tabii
To let ; to rent
kiralk
Right here
ite burada
Too many
pek ok
Right there
ite orada
Too much
pek fazla
yarm yamalak
Under age
yaa kk
Up side down
darmadan
sa salim
Up to date
modern
gene greli
Up to now
imdiye kadar
Side by side
yan yana
Welcome!
ho geldiniz
Well done!
bravo!
Since then
ozamandan beri
What happened?
ne oldu?
So long
eyvallah
ne oluyor?
Sooner or later
er ge
So-so
yle byle
neniz var?
So to say
szde ; sanki
So that
yle ki
ne kar?
What next?
ya sonra?
Thanks a lot
teekkrler
Why not?
neden olmasn?
Agreed ; OK!
anlatk
Willy nilly
ister istemez
That right
doru ; tamam
With a view to
amacyle
That is to say
yani
With no exceptions
ayrksz
That maybe
olabilir
oy birlii ile
Then
o zaman ; yleyse
bir an nce
izninizle
You're welcome
bir ey deil
On entering a shop the shopkeeper may say - buyurun efendim meaning - Can I help you, sir?..
In a restaurant or cafe when the waiter or bar man says buyurun -it means - What would you like?..
When passing people in narrow places or entering lifts etc. buyurun - means - After you..!
yl or sene (arab.) - year - (you will hear both of these words in general
use)
zaman - time
vakit (vakti..) - time as a particular occasion
defa - time (as an event or occasion)
kere - time (as an event, occasion or point in time)
kez - a point in time
The word "time..."
zaman - time - this word is the main one in use for - "time, occasion.."
ne zaman? - what time?, when?
ka zaman - how long?, how much time?
zamandan zamana [zaman-dan zaman-a] - from time to time..
her zaman - all the time, every time, always
her ne zaman - whenever.. vakit (vakti)- point in time, occasion
- Note: vakit - loses final vowel when suffixed with a vowel. See
Nouns losing internal vowel
Some examples
vakit (vakti)- point in time, occasion
Bo, vaktimiz var m? - Have we got time to spare?
vaktim yok, vaktim kalmad - I haven't got time...
kere - time, point in time
drt kere - four times
Onu, be kere yaptm - I did it five times..
kez - time, point in time - This is a provincialism, but is also used
regularly in modern daily speech.
kez - three times
her kez - always
bu kez - this time
Thanks to Nurcan Akaltun ifti for additions to the above section - JG
- June 2008.
What time is it..?
All about the - to the o'clock.., past the o'clock.. - and - at the o'clock.. -
English
afak
dawn
kahvalt
breakfast
sabah
morning
sabahleyin
gn
day
btn gn
her gn
every day
gndz
daytime, daylight
le
noon
leden sonra
afternoon
le yemei
lunch
akam
evening
akamleyin
akam st
akam yemei
dn
yesterday
dn sabah
yesterday morning
dn akam
yesterday evening
dn gece
last night
evvelki gn
alacakaranlk [alaca-karanlk]
twilight
gece
night
geceleyin
midnight
geen gn
geen ay
last month
geen sene/yil
last year
geen hafta
last week
geenlerde
erken
early
ge
late
ne zaman
ay
month
cumartesi gecesi
saturday night
ertesi gn
ertesi hafta
evvelki/evvelsi gn
geceleri
at nights
gelecek hafta
next week
hafta
week
br gn
br hafta
leleri
at noon times
leyin
at noon
pazar sabah
sunday morning
sabahlar
in the mornings
son gnlerde
son zamanlarda
recently
yarn
tomorrow
yl/sene
year
July - temmuz
February - ubat
August - austos
March - mart
September - eyll
April - nisan
October - ekim
May - mays
November - kasm
June - haziran
December - aralk
Names of the Months (and Days of the Week) are usually written
without a capital letter in Turkish
- Thanks to Emiel V. - 17 Nov. 2009
The Weekday Names
Sunday - pazar - (Lit: market)
Monday - pazartesi - (Lit: after Sunday)
Tuesday - sal - (undefined)
Wednesday - aramba - (Lit: 4 days after Sabbath - from Persian)
Thursday - perembe - (Lit: 5 days after Sabbath - from Persian)
Friday - cuma - (Lit: reunion - related to Persian/Arabic)
Saturday - cumartesi - (Lit: after Friday)
A Turkish Idiom
Bu i, aramba pazar gibi - This job is a complete mess up.. - [lit:
This job is like a Wednesday Market.]
The Seasons of the Year
Yl Mevsimi
summer
winter
When saying "in the summer" Turkish says yazin or "in the winter"
then the word kn is used. This ending -in is an old Instrumental Case
which is no longer used much in day to day speaking other than these
examples. For "in the spring" and "in the autumn", the Static Condition
(Locative) Suffix is used - sonbaharda and ilkbaharda. Very often the
simple word bahar can supplant either ilkbahar or sonbahar - it
depends on the choice of the speaker..
The Cardinal Points
Drt Yn
Kuzey
North
Gney
South
Dou
East
Bati
West
frtna - storm
souk - cold
scak - hot
harika - marvellous
scaklk - heat
derece - degree(s)
emsiye - umbrella
lk - warm
hava - weather
dolu - hail
hafif - light
yel - wind
sert - heavy
poyraz - breeze
on 10
yirmi 20
otuz 30
krk 40
bir 1
on bir 11
yirmi bir 21
otuz bir 31
krk bir 41
iki 2
on iki 12
yirmi iki 22
otuz iki 32
krk iki 42
on u 13
yirmi u 23
otuz u 33
krk u 43
drt 4
on drt 14
yirmi drt 24
otuz drt 34
krk drt 44
be 5
on be 15
yirmi be 25
otuz be 35
krk be 45
alt 6
on alt 16
yirmi alt 26
otuz alt 36
krk alt 46
yedi 7
on yedi 17
yirmi yedi 27
otuz yedi 37
krk yedi 47
yirmi sekiz 28
otuz sekiz 38
krk sekiz 48
otuz dokuz 39
krk dokuz 49
sekiz 8 on sekiz 18
Cardinal Numbers 1
Cardinal
Numbers 50
- 99
elli 50
altm 60
yetmi 70
seksen 80
elli bir 51
altm bir 61
elli iki 52
altm iki 62
yetmi iki 72
seksen iki 82
doksan iki 92
elli u 53
altm u 63
yetmi u 73
seksen u 83
doksan u 93
doksan 90
doksan drt
94
elli be 55
elli alt 56
elli yedi 57 altm yedi 67 yetmi yedi 77 seksen yedi 87 doksan yedi 97
elli sekiz 58 altm sekiz 68
yetmi sekiz
78
seksen sekiz
88
doksan sekiz
98
elli dokuz 59 altm dokuz yetmi dokuz seksen dokuz doksan dokuz
69
79
89
99
Cardinal
Numbers 100
- 1,000,000
yz 100
iki yz 200
u bin 3000
u yz 300
be yz 500
alt yz 600
sekiz yz 800 dokuz bin 9000 ondokuz bin 19000 otuz bin 30000
dokuz yz
900
on bn 10000
bin 1000
onbir bin 11000 yirmi bir bin 21000 bir milyon 1000000
nc third ; 3rd
sfr zero ; 0
yarmar
half each
birer
one each
ikier
two each
er
three each
drder
four each
beer
five each
altar
six each
yedier
seven each
sekizer
eight each
dokuzar
nine each
onar
ten each
on birer
eleven each
yirmier
twenty each
yirmi beer
twenty-five each
otuzar
thirty each
krkar
forty each
ellier
fifty each
yzer
a hundred each
biner
a thousand each
a million each
Expressing need
The usual verbs used to say - Do you like something..? I like
something.. I don't like something.. are as follows:
Positive
sevmek
Negative
to love, to like
sevmemek
beenmek to like
The word - rica - is of Arabic Origin and the pronunciation of the last
letter -A is very open - pronounced ricAAA ederim - being Arabic,
this word does not follow Turkish Pronunciation Rules.
Listen to the long "aaa.." in FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=Speaker
Icon"
Rica ederim
When a Turkish person asks if you like something, they normally ask in
the Past Tense - Did you like the apple? - These type of questions are
also answered in the Past Tense - Yes I liked the apple?
We can see from the examples below that Turkish usually uses the Past
Tense in its questions and answers of Preferences. It is different in
English as we use both Present and Past Tenses in these situations.
Asking Formally - with the -iniz form for the polite - you
Yemeinizi sevdiniz mi? - Did/Do you like your meal?
Yemeinizi beendiniz mi? - Did/Do you like your meal?
Yemei sevdim. - I like/liked the meal.
Yemei beendim - I like/liked the meal.
Or the familiar form using the -in less formal form for - you
Trkiye'yi sevdin mi? or Trkiye'yi beendin mi? - Did you like
Turkey?
Yolculuu sevdin mi? - Did you enjoy the journey?
Or you may not have liked it!
Trkiye'yi sevdiniz mi? - Do/Did you like Turkey?
Trkiye'yi beendiniz mi? - Do/Did you like Turkey?
unu sevmedim. - I don't like/ didn't like that.
unu beemedim - I don't like/ didn't like that.
This shows the use of unu - that one - in its disparaging meaning.
A little "Formula Speak" - one might say... seni seviyorum! [Lit: I am loving you!] - I love you..!
Turkish uses the Continuous Tense to say - I love you.. as it is
more vivid than the Simple Tense which we use in English.
How to say that you do not like something..
We have learned how to say that - we like something .. using the verbs sevmek - and - beenmek..
To say that - we do not like something.. we must use the negative verbs
- sevmemek - and beenmemek.
Some Examples of the Negative
Yolculuunuzu sevdiniz mi? - Did you like your journey?
Hayr, yolculuumu sevmedim - No, I didn't like my journey.
Hayr, onu beenmedim - No, I didn't like it.
Bamyay sevmiyor musunuz? - Don't you like okra?
Yoo, bamyay sevmem - No, I don't like okra (at all).
Ankara,y beendiniz mi? - Did you like Ankara?
Ankara'y beenmedim. - No, I didn't like Ankara.
Using the Present Continuous Tense in Turkish in this situation
conveys vividness.
Evet, onu ok seviyorum.. - Yes, I like it a lot..
Yoo, onu sevmiyorum. - No, I am not liking it (at the moment).
- Note the use - of - Yoo.. for No... This is a polite conversational way
of saying No... It actually comes from - yok - There isn't.. - but it is
gentler than - hayr - the real No! which conveys a real negative feeling
- and is used a lot in conversation.
Some other ways of Expressing Need
istemek - to want - Note: This word is a verb.
Need can be expressed with various verbs - the main one being istemek - to want..
This can be answered with the verb rica etmek - to (would) like ... to
request .. - very much like the - "bitte schn" - of German.
stediiniz bir ey var m? - Is there anything that you want?
Bir havlu rica ederim - I would like (I request) a towel
agreeable
ho
amiable
ho
amusing
ho
bonny
ho
charming
ho
congenial
ho
cosy
ho
cozy
ho
cuddly
ho
darling
ho
debonair
ho
delicious
ho
enchanting
ho
engaging
ho
entertaining
ho
fine
ho
genial
ho
good
ho
graceful
ho
grateful
ho
tolerant
ho
pleasant
ho
nice
ho
quaint
arrived tourists
Very often you are adding suffixes to the important noun - ho goodness, joy (basically)
ho = goodness
ho-um = my goodness
ho-um-a = to my goodness
ho-um-a gitti = I enjoyed it [It went to my goodness]
- This is a Turkish idiom and much used in daily conversation.
Turkish Language -Turkish Modes of Address
"Who are you...?"
The usual method of address when you do not know the person's name
or title is as follows:
- For males: Beyefendi - Sir - Daily pronunciation is truncated to: Beyfendi
- For females: Hanmefendi - Miss or Madam - Daily pronunciation is
truncated to: - Hanfendi - These are used in formal situations and to
strangers.
Personal Addressing - Formal and Informal
As stated, the above are used in formal situations. Once names are
known then bey and hanm are used after the first name, this usage is
still formal and semi-formal. These titles follow the given-name
(Christian name) and are written without a Capital Letter:
Mustafa bey - Mr. Mustafa
Aye hanm - Miss or Mrs. Aye
These are used in formal situations when you know the person's first
name but also in informal situations to acquaintances, friends and even
to you own family members.
Surnames are not usually used in Conversational Turkish, so the
Mustafa bey can mean - Mr. Mustafa and Aye hanm can mean Mrs.
OR Miss Aye (in a formal situation) or it can mean just a friendly
Mustafa or Aye (without the title) between acquaintances.
Basic Meaning
Aciz
Impotence
Az
Az
Mouth
Ahit
Ahdi
Injunction
Akl
Akl
Intelligence
Akt
Akt
Treaty
Akis
Aksi
Reflection
Aln
Aln
Forehead
Asl
Asl
Origin
Asr
Asr
Century
Azim
Azmi
Determination
Bar
Bar
Bosom
Beyin
Beyni
Brain
Boyun
Boynu
Neck
Burun
Burnu
Nose
Cisim
Cismi
Crm
Crm
Crime
Defin
Defni
Burial
Devir
Devri
Period
Ecir
Ecri
Reward/Wage
Emir
Emri
Order ; Command
Fasil
Fasli
Part, chapter
Fetih
Fethi
Conquest
Fikir
Fikri
Idea
Filim
Filmi
Film(Cinema)
Geniz
Genzi
Nostril
Gs
Gs
Breast
Gnl
Gnl
Heart/Desire
Hacm
Hacm
Volume
Haciz
Haczi
Distraint, confiscation,
- Haciz
- Haczi
- seizure
Hapis
Hapsi
Prison
Hasim
Hasmi
Hazm
Hazm
Digestion
Hm
Hm
Rage/Anger
Hilkt
Hilkti
Hilkt garibesi Idiomatic use
(a) creation
monstrosity, freak
Hzn
Grief
Hzn
lim
lmi
Science
sim
smi
Name
zin
zni
Leave/Time off
Kadir
Kadri
Worth/Value
Kahr
Kahr
Anxiety
Karn
Karn
Stomach
Kast
Kast
Intention, purpose,
- Kast
- Kast
- deliberateness
Kayn
Kayn
Brother-in-law
Kayp
Kayb
Loss
Kesir
Kesri
Keif
Kefi
Discovery
Keyif
Keyfi
Pleasure
Ksm
Ksm
Part (of)
Metin
Metni
Text
Nabz
Nabz
Pulse
Nakil
Nakli
Transport
Nakit
Nakdi
Cash
Nazm
Nazm
Verse, poetry
Nefis
Nefsi
Self, personality
Nesir
Nesri
Prose
Neir
Neri
Publication, edition
- Neir
- Neri
- broadcasting
Nutuk
Nutku
Speech, oration
Oul
Olu
Son
Resim
Resmi
Picture
Sabr
Sabr
Patience
Sath
Sath
Superficie, plane
Seyir
Seyri
Motion
Skt
Skt
Miscarriage
ekil
ekli
Form/Shape
kr
kr
Gratitude
Tavr
Tavr
Mode/Manner
Ufuk
Ufku
Horizon
Usul
Usl
Mode/Manner
Vakit
Vakti
Time, occasion
Vasf
Vasf
Characteristic, qualification
- Vasf
- Vasf
- quality
Zehir
Zehri
Poison
Zihin
Zihni
Intellect
Zulm
Zulm
Tyranny, cruelty
Addressing Envelopes
Letter Addressed in Turkish
Sayn Mustafa Kurt
ekmece Mah.
Uzunyol Sok. Nolu:24 D:6
Baaras Ky
02332 ZMR - TRKYE
Greetings
In semi formal situations there is a four stage greeting procedure:
The Welcome: - ho geldiniz or less formal ho geldin - Welcome!.
- This is answered by ho bulduk - We found it well!
The Greeting: - This is an exchange of merhaba - Hello
The Asking after Health Stage: - naslsnz? (formal) or naslsn?
(informal) - How are you?
The Response: - This is is answered by yiyim, teekkr ederim I am well, thank you. This then followed by a question about the
other's health: siz naslsnz? - You, how are you?
gnaydn - good morning, good day, good afternoon
iyi gnler - good day
iyi akamlar - good evening - (said in arrival..)
iyi geceler - good night - (said on leaving company..)
Hosa