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use of psychedelic drugs, especially marijuana, lysergic acid diethylamidr (LSD), and mescaline,
and less frequently as a side effect of some medications, such as anticholinergic agents. They
have described after certain types of meditation, deep hypnosis, extended mirror or crystal
gazing, and sensory deprivation experiences. They are also common after mild to moderate
head injury, where in little or no loss of consciousness occurs, but they are significantly less
likely if unconsciousness lasts for more than 30 minutes. They are also common aftet life
threatening experiences, with or without seriously bodily injury. Depersonalization is found two to
four times more in women than in men
Etiology
Psychodynamic. Traditional psychodynamic formulations have emphazied the
disintegration of the ego or have viewed depersonalization asn an affective
response in defense of the ego. The explanations stress the role of overwhelming
painful experiences of confilctual impulses as triggering events.
Traumatic stress. A susbtansial proportion, typically one third to one half, of patients
in clinical depersonalization case series report histories of significant trauma.
Several studies of accident victims find as many as 60 percent of those with a life
threatening experience report at least transient depersonalization during the event
or immediately thereafter. Military derealization are commonly evoked by stress and
fatigue and are inversely related to performance.
Neurobiological therories. The association of depersonalization with migraines and
marijuana, its generally favorable response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
and