RESOLUCION DEL EXAMEN DE METODOS NUMERICOS

1. El desplazamiento x (metros) de una masa que experimenta una oscilacin

amortiguada vara con el tiempo t (segundos) segn el modelo:

x=

B
0.1E BT COS WT
SIN WT
W

Donde y W tienen unidades de seg1. Al realizar mediciones se obtiene un

desplazamiento x de 0,0162 metros en un instante t de 0,41 segundos, = 7,5
seg1. Determine el parmetro .
a) Localice la raz o races
Tabular
============
f(x) x
===============
-0.014693 -10.000000
-0.013908 -9.000000
-0.012713 -8.000000
-0.010895 -7.000000
-0.008130 -6.000000
-0.003926 -5.000000
0.002467 -4.000000 existe cambio de signo [-5;-4]

b) Realice las iteraciones del mtodo de Biseccin en el intervalo [5, 4] con

una precisin de 0,01.
[c,iter] = bisseciom(-5,-4,0.01)
===============================================
=================
iter
e

f(a)

f(c)

===============================================
============= ====
0.000000 -5.000000 -4.000000 -4.500000 -0.003926 -0.001063 -0.500000
0.125000
1.000000 -4.500000 -4.000000 -4.250000 -0.001063 0.000609 -0.250000
0.062500
2.000000 -4.500000 -4.250000 -4.375000 -0.001063 -0.000249 -0.125000
0.029412
3.000000 -4.375000 -4.250000 -4.312500 -0.000249 0.000174 -0.062500
0.014706
4.000000 -4.375000 -4.312500 -4.343750 -0.000249 -0.000039 -0.031250
0.007246
5.000000 -4.343750 -4.312500 -4.328125 -0.000039 0.000068 -0.015625
0.003623
6.000000 -4.343750 -4.328125 -4.335938 -0.000039 0.000014 -0.007813
0.001805

c=

-4.3359

iter =

c) Realice las iteraciones del mtodo de Newton con x0 = 1, con una precisin
de 0,000001.

Primero sacamos la derivada

syms
diff(-0.1*exp(0.41*x)*(cos(7.5*0.41)-(x/7.5)*sin(7.5*0.41))-0.0162)
ans =
(1598320207760387*exp((41*x)/100))/1801439850948198400 +
(41*exp((41*x)/100)*((1598320207760387*x)/180143985094819840 +
8987235054471017/9007199254740992))/1000

[x, iter] = newton12(1,0.000001)

=============
iter x
=============
0.000000 1.000000
1.000000 -1.132689
2.000000 -2.896597
3.000000 -3.978633
4.000000 -4.312296

x=

-4.3379

iter =

2. La concentracin c de una bacteria contaminante en un lago decrece segn

la expresin C (t) = 80e2t + 20e0,5t
Siendo t el tiempo en horas. Determine el tiempo que se necesita para que el
nmero de bacterias Se reduzca a 7. (sig;use el mtodo de Newton)
[x, iter] = newton12(3,0.001)
=============
iter x
=============
0.000000 3.000000
1.000000 2.109900
2.000000 2.305350
3.000000 2.328808

x=

2.3291

iter =

4
3. Determinar la raz real usando el mtodo de la Biseccin y newton y haga
una comparacin entre ambos mtodos.
a) 3 sin x = cos x en el intervalo [0, /2] con una precisin de 104
[c,iter] = bissecion(0,pi/2,0.0001)
===============================================
=================

iter

f(a)

f(c)

e
===============================================
============= ====
0.000000 0.000000 1.570796 0.785398 -1.000000 0.517638 -0.785398
-0.500000
1.000000 0.000000 0.785398 0.392699 -1.000000 -0.261052 -0.392699
-0.500000
2.000000 0.392699 0.785398 0.589049 -0.261052 0.130806 -0.196350
-0.250000
3.000000 0.392699 0.589049 0.490874 -0.261052 -0.065438 -0.098175
-0.166667
4.000000 0.490874 0.589049 0.539961 -0.065438 0.032723 -0.049087
-0.083333
5.000000 0.490874 0.539961 0.515418 -0.065438 -0.016362 -0.024544
-0.045455
6.000000 0.515418 0.539961 0.527689 -0.016362 0.008181 -0.012272
-0.022727
7.000000 0.515418 0.527689 0.521553 -0.016362 -0.004091 -0.006136
-0.011628
8.000000 0.521553 0.527689 0.524621 -0.004091 0.002045 -0.003068
-0.005814
9.000000 0.521553 0.524621 0.523087 -0.004091 -0.001023 -0.001534
-0.002924
10.000000 0.523087 0.524621 0.523854 -0.001023 0.000511
-0.000767 -0.001462
11.000000 0.523087 0.523854 0.523471 -0.001023 -0.000256
-0.000383 -0.000732
12.000000 0.523471 0.523854 0.523663 -0.000256 0.000128
-0.000192 -0.000366
13.000000 0.523471 0.523663 0.523567 -0.000256 -0.000064
-0.000096 -0.000183

c=

0.5236

iter =

14

SACAMOS LA DERIVADA IGUALMENTE

syms x

diff(sqrt(3)*sin(x)-cos(x))

ans =
sin(x) + 3^(1/2)*cos(x)

[x, iter] = newton12(1,0.0001)

=============
iter x
=============
0.000000 1.000000
1.000000 0.483955

x=
0.5236

iter =
2
b) 3 cos*x/2 +3 = 0 en el intervalo [1, 6] con una precisin de 102
[c,iter] = bisseciom(1,6,0.01)
===============================================
=================
iter

f (a)

f(c)

e
===============================================
============= ====
0.000000 1.000000 6.000000 3.500000 5.632748 2.465262 -2.500000
-0.416667
1.000000 3.500000 6.000000 4.750000 2.465262 0.839165 -1.250000
-0.208333
2.000000 4.750000 6.000000 5.375000 0.839165 0.304022 -0.625000
-0.104167
3.000000 5.375000 6.000000 5.687500 0.304022 0.132085 -0.312500
-0.052083
4.000000 5.687500 6.000000 5.843750 0.132085 0.072123 -0.156250
-0.026042
5.000000 5.843750 6.000000 5.921875 0.072123 0.048821 -0.078125
-0.013021
6.000000 5.921875 6.000000 5.960938 0.048821 0.038857 -0.039063
-0.006510
7.000000 5.960938 6.000000 5.980469 0.038857 0.034298 -0.019531
-0.003255
8.000000 5.980469 6.000000 5.990234 0.034298 0.032125 -0.009766
-0.001628

c=

5.9902

iter =

SACAMOS DERIVADA DE LA SIGUIENTE ECUACIN.

syms x
diff(3*cos(x/2)+3)
ans =
-(3*sin(x/2))/2

[x, iter] = newton12(2, 0.01)

=============
iter x
=============
0.000000 2.000000
1.000000 5.660975
2.000000 5.974614

x=

6.1292
iter =
3

c) xeX = 0 en el intervalo [0, 2] con una precisin de 0.02

[c,iter] = bisseciom(0,2,0.01)
===============================================
=================
iter

f(a)

f(c)

e
===============================================
============= ====
0.000000 0.000000 2.000000 1.000000 -3.141593 -0.423311 -1.000000
-0.500000
1.000000 1.000000 2.000000 1.500000 -0.423311 3.580941 -0.500000
-0.250000
2.000000 1.000000 1.500000 1.250000 -0.423311 1.221336 -0.250000
-0.166667
3.000000 1.000000 1.250000 1.125000 -0.423311 0.323651 -0.125000
-0.100000
4.000000 1.000000 1.125000 1.062500 -0.423311 -0.067147 -0.062500
-0.055556
5.000000 1.062500 1.125000 1.093750 -0.067147 0.123742 -0.031250
-0.027778
6.000000 1.062500 1.093750 1.078125 -0.067147 0.027193 -0.015625
-0.014286
7.000000 1.062500 1.078125 1.070313 -0.067147 -0.020250 -0.007813
-0.007246

c=

1.0703

iter =

8
SACAMOS LA DERIVADA
syms x
>> diff(x*exp(x)-pi)
ans =
exp(x) + x*exp(x)

[x, iter] = newton12(1, 0.01)

=============
iter x
=============
0.000000 1.000000
1.000000 1.077864

x=

1.0737

iter =

4. Justificar que f(x) tiene una nica solucin en el intervalo [1, 2],
grficamente y analticamente.(existencia y unicidad).
a) f(x) = x 2 + ln x

El intervalo [1;2]
DERIVAMOS
F(1)=1/x + 1
F(1)= 2 (+)
F(2)=1/2+1
F(2)=1.5000

positivo

La derivada creciente en el intervalo [1,2] y solo existes una raz in el intervalo.

x 5e x
b) f(x) =

La raz se encuentra en el intervalo [1,2]

DERIVANDO
f(1)=5*exp(-2) + 1/(2*x^(1/2))
f(1)=2.3394 (positivo)
f(2)= 5*exp(-2) + 1/(2*2^(1/2))
f(2))=1.0302 (positivo)
La derivada creciente en el intervalo [1,2] y solo existes una raz in el intervalo.
5. Modifique su programa de Biseccin e implemente el error relativo que
existe en cada iteracin y hallar la raz de la ecuacin x2 = 4 sin x en el
intervalo [1, 3] con una precisin de 0,01 y muestre el error en cada iteracin
[c,iter] = bisseciom(1,3,0.01)

===============================================
=================
iter

f(a)

f(c)

e
===============================================
============= ====

0.000000 1.000000 3.000000 2.000000 -2.365884 0.362810 -1.000000

-0.333333
1.000000 1.000000 2.000000 1.500000 -2.365884 -1.739980 -0.500000
-0.250000
2.000000 1.500000 2.000000 1.750000 -1.739980 -0.873444 -0.250000
-0.125000
3.000000 1.750000 2.000000 1.875000 -0.873444 -0.300718 -0.125000
-0.062500
4.000000 1.875000 2.000000 1.937500 -0.300718 0.019849 -0.062500
-0.031250
5.000000 1.875000 1.937500 1.906250 -0.300718 -0.143255 -0.031250
-0.016129
6.000000 1.906250 1.937500 1.921875 -0.143255 -0.062406 -0.015625
-0.008065
7.000000 1.921875 1.937500 1.929688 -0.062406 -0.021454 -0.007813
-0.004032

c=
1.9297
iter =
8

6. Se carga una viga de la manera que se aprecia en la figura adjunta. Emplee

el mtodo de biseccin para resolver la posicin de la viga donde no hay
momento.
[c iter]= biseccin (8, 10,0.000001)

===============================================
=================
iter
e

f(a)

f(c)

===============================================
============= ====
0.000000 8.000000 10.000000 9.000000 170.000000 -15.000000
-1.000000 -100000
1.000000 8.000000 9.000000 8.500000 170.000000 77.500000
-0.500000 -.055556
2.000000 8.500000 9.000000 8.750000 77.500000 31.250000
-0.250000 -.027778
3.000000 8.750000 9.000000 8.875000 31.250000 8.125000 -0.125000
-0.013889
4.000000 8.875000 9.000000 8.937500 8.125000 -3.437500 -0.062500
-0.006944
5.000000 8.875000 8.937500 8.906250 8.125000 2.343750 -0.031250
-0.003497
6.000000 8.906250 8.937500 8.921875 2.343750 -0.546875 -0.015625
-0.001748
7.000000 8.906250 8.921875 8.914063 2.343750 0.898438 -0.007813
-0.000876
8.000000 8.914063 8.921875 8.917969 0.898438 0.175781 -0.003906
-0.000438
9.000000 8.917969 8.921875 8.919922 0.175781 -0.185547 -0.001953
-0.000219
10.000000 8.917969 8.919922 8.918945 0.175781 -0.004883
-0.000977 -0.000109
11.000000 8.917969 8.918945 8.918457 0.175781 0.085449 -0.000488
-0.000055
12.000000 8.918457 8.918945 8.918701 0.085449 0.040283 -0.000244
-0.000027
13.000000 8.918701 8.918945 8.918823 0.040283 0.017700 -0.000122
-0.000014
14.000000 8.918823 8.918945 8.918884 0.017700 0.006409 -0.000061
-0.000007

15.000000 8.918884 8.918945 8.918915 0.006409 0.000763 -0.000031

-0.000003
16.000000 8.918915 8.918945 8.918930 0.000763 -0.002060
-0.000015 -0.000002
17.000000 8.918915 8.918930 8.918922 0.000763 -0.000648
-0.000008 -0.000001
18.000000 8.918915 8.918922 8.918919 0.000763 0.000057 -0.000004
-0.000000
19.000000 8.918919 8.918922 8.918921 0.000057 -0.000296
-0.000002 -0.000000
20.000000 8.918919 8.918921 8.918920 0.000057 -0.000119
-0.000001 -0.000000

c=
8.9189
iter =
21

8) Una determinada sustancia se desintegra segn la ecuacin A (t) =

Pe0,0248t, donde P es la cantidad inicial en el tiempo t = 0 y A la cantidad
resultante despus de t aos. Si inicialmente se depositan 500 miligramos de
dicha sustancia, Cunto tiempo debe transcurrir para que quede el 1 por ciento
de sta? Utilizar el Mtodo de Newton.