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IPv6- Autonfiguration
Anna Calveras
SYLLABUS
ICMPv6
Path MTU Discovery
Neighbor Discovery
Multicast over IPv6
Address Autoconfiguration
Documentation
Documentation
Other:
ICMPV6
ICMPv6
ICMPv6 vs ICMPv4
Message header
Basic set of messages
New applications
Neighbor Discovery
Multicast over IPv6
Address Autoconfiguration
ICMPv6 vs ICMPv4
Energy consumption
reduced
54 bits
1111111010
cccccc1gcccccccc
MAC Address
cccccccc11111111
64 bits
interface ID
11111110mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
c: company identifier
g: individual /group
cccccc0gcccccccc
ccccccccmmmmmmmm
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
9
ff01::1
ff02::1
ff01::2
ff02::2
ff05::2
10
ICMPv6 vs ICMPv4
11
ICMPv6 vs ICMPv4
*IPv6 multicast renames IGMP to the Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol (MLP)
based on ICMPv6 messages
Protocols in Telecommunication Networks
12
ICMPv6 vs ICMPv4
ICMPv6 vs ICMPv4
Common ICMPv4 Message
Messages
translation
Destination
UnreachableNetwork
unreachable (Type 3, Code 0)
Destination Unreachable-Protocol
unreachable (Type 3, Code 2)
Destination Unreachable-Port
unreachable (Type 3, Code 3)
Destination Unreachable-Fragmentation
needed and DF set (Type 3, Code 4)
Time Exceeded-TTL expired (Type 11,
Code 0)
Parameter Problem (Type 12, Code 0)
Redirect (Type 5, Code 0)
ICMPv6 Equivalent
Destination Unreachable-No route to
destination (Type 1, Code 0)
Parameter Problem-Unrecognized Next
Header field (Type 4, Code 1)
Destination Unreachable-Port unreachable
(Type 1, Code 4)
Packet Too Big (Type 2, Code 0)
Time Exceeded-Hop Limit exceeded (Type
3, Code 0)
Parameter Problem (Type 4, Code 0 or 2)
Neighbor Discovery Redirect message
(Type 137, Code 0)
14
Link-local addresses
Multicast
15
Message header
Type: 0-127 Error msg /128-255 Informational msg
Code: differentiates among messages of the same type
Checksum : computed with IPv6 pseudo-header
Type (1 byte)
Code (1 byte)
Checksum (2 bytes)
Message body
16
Error messages
Sent by the destination node or an intermediate router, they notify
errors in forwarding or delivery
Destination Unreachable
Packet Too Big
Time Exceeded
Parameter Problem
ICMPv6 error messages are rate limited
In order to conserve network banwidth
Recommended method: token bucket
17
Type=1
0: No Route to Destination
1: Communications whit the Destination Administratively Prohibited
2: Beyond the Scope of Source Address
3: Address Unreachable
4: Port Unreachable
5: Source Address Failed Ingress/Egress Policy
6: Reject Route to Destination
Checksum
Code = 0-6
Unused
18
Type=2
Code = 0
Checksum
MTU
19
Checksum
Code = 0-1
Unused
20
Checksum
Code = 0-2
Pointer
21
Informational messages
22
Code = 0
Identifier: to associate request & replay messages
Sequence Number: messages ordering
Data: optional and equal for both messages
Type=128 or 129
Checksum
Code = 0
Sequence Number
Identifier
Data
23
24
25
Overview
Description
An example
26
Overview
RFC 1981
Purpose: learn the MTU of a path in order to avoid
fragmentation
Changes from IPv4 to IPv6. RFC 2460:
27
Description/Procedure
Checksum
Code = 0
MTU
28
Procedure (II):
29
An example
Host B
Host A
MTU1
MTU2
R2
R1
MTU3
MTU1=MTU6=1500 bytes
MTU2=MTU3=2000 bytes
MTU4=1000 bytes
MTU5=2000 bytes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
R3
MTU4
R4
MTU6
MTU5
Like PMTU<MTU1 => wait for PMTU timer and restart => PMTU could be equal to MTU1
Protocols in Telecommunication Networks
30
31
Overview
Description
Router Discovery
Address Resolution
Neighbor Unreachability Detection
Redirect Function
32
Neighbor Discovery
Overview
RFC 4861
Purpose: IPv6 nodes on the same link use ND to discover
each other's presence, to determine each other's link-layer
addresses, to find routers, and to maintain reachability
information about the paths to active neighbors
ND only generates link traffic
Offline packets are not forwarded by routers
Packets are coded with Hop count = 255
If Hop count is <> 255, packet is silently discarded
Security reasons
Changes from IPv4 to IPv6
ND replaces ARP!
to determine link-layer address & test address
uniqueness
No more ARP frames in IPv6 networks
New feature:
Neighbor Unreachability Detection (NUD)
33
ICMPv6 vs ICMPv4
ARP cache
Neighbor cache
Gratuitous ARP
Redirect message
Redirect message
34
Neighbor Discovery
Description
Option format
Type: type of the option
Length: The length of the option (including the type and length
fields) in units of 8 octets
Value: includes specific fields of the options
Type (1 byte)
Length (1 byte)
Value (n bytes)
35
Neighbor Discovery
Description
36
Neighbor Discovery
Ethernet
From: NIC MAC address
To: 33-33-00-00-02
Type=133
Checksum
Code = 0
Reserved
Options
Source Link-Layer Address option
37
Neighbor Discovery
Ethernet
From: NIC router MAC address
To:
33-33-00-00-01, or
The unicast MAC address of the host that sent Router Solicitation
msg form an unicast address
38
Neighbor Discovery
Code = 0
Checksum
Flags
Router Lifetime
Reachable Time
Retransmission Timer
Options
Source Link-Layer Address option
MTU option
Prefix Information options
Adevertisement Interval option
Home Agent Information option
Route Information options
39
Overview
MLD description
58
Overview
59
Overview
cccccc0gcccccccc
ccccccccmmmmmmmm
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
60
Overview
Else
61
3Com 4800G
Related documentation
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3750/software/r
elease/12.2_35_se/configuration/guide/swv6mld.html
http://support.3com.com/documents/switches/4800G/SW4800G_Com
mand_ReferenceCMT.pdf
62
Hop-by-Hop Options H.
Router Alert Option
Next Header=58
MLD Message
63
64
65
ADDRESS
AUTOCONFIGURATION
Protocols in Telecommunication Networks
72
Address Autoconfiguration
Stateless vs stateful
Changes from IPv4 to IPv6
Description
ICMPv6 messages and options employed
Procedure
DHCPv6
Description
Changes from IPv4 to IPv6
73
Address Autoconfiguration
Stateless
RFC 4862. IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
Purpose: To specify the steps a host takes in deciding how to autoconfigure its interfaces
in IPv6. These steps are:
generating a link-local address
FE80::/64 + EUI64 derived interface
generating global addresses using stateless address autoconfiguration
Using information provided by Router Advertisment
join the solicited-node a multicast address
MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery) report
and the DAD (Duplicate Address Detection) procedure to verify the uniqueness of the
addresses on a link
Neighbor Solicitation message
Provides an alternative to DHCPv6
Autoconfiguration can be performed without any server and specific protocol support
Note that:
DAD has to be performed for global and link-local addresses
If global and link-local address are based on EUI64 only solicited-node multicast address
exist and then only a MLD report has to be sent
74
Address Autoconfiguration
Stateful
Configuration is based on a the usage of a configuration protocol
DHCPv6 (RFC 3315)
75
81
RFC3315: DHCPv6
DHCPv6 infrastructure
Clients
Servers
Relays
UDP protocol
Clients listens port 546
Servers and relays listens port 547
DHCPv6 vs DHPCv4
Messages structure simpler (see following slides)
Each action has its related message
Relay interaction
All_DHCP_Relay_Agents_and_Servers address FF02::1:2
82
Message Type
Transaction ID
To group DHCPv6 messages that belongs to the same transaction
Options
Message-Type
Options
Option-Code
Option-Data
Protocols in Telecommunication Networks
Transaction ID
Option_Len
83
Hop-Count
Link-Address
Link-Address
Peer-Address
Peer-Address
Options
84
DHCPv4 Equivalent
SOLICIT
DHCPDISCOVER
ADVERTISE
DHCPOFFER
DHCPREQUEST
REPLY
DHCPACK/DHCPNAK
RELEASE
DHCPRELEASE
INFORMATION-REQUEST
DHCPINFORM
DECLINE
DHCPDECLINE
CONFIRM
N/A
RECONFIGURE
DHCPFORCERENEW
RELAY-FORW, RELAY-REPLY
N/A
89
DHCP client
DHCP client
DHCP
server
Relay
DHCP
server
Relay-Forward, Relay-Replay
DHCP client
Relay
90