Nicknames Of Indian Cities

General Awareness
6

Nicknames are formulated for cities to showcase the cities uniqueness or Strength or Distinction among
other cities. So Indian cities also have been distinguished from other cities with their nick names. So here
is the complete list of nicknames of Indian cities, which are tabulated State-wise with respect to
memorizing easily and also for the benefit of aspirants appearing for State Wise Selection Commission
exams and other competitive exams.

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

City Name
Hyderabad-Secunderabad
(Telangana)
Hyderabad (Telangana)
Tenali (Andhra Pradesh)
Guntur (Andhra Pradesh)
Bhimavaram (Andhra Pradesh)
Rajahmundry (Andhra
Pradesh)
Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh)
Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh)
Amritsar (Punjab)
Patiala (Punjab)
Muzzaffarpur (Bihar)
Ahmadabad (Gujarat)
Palanpur (Gujarat)
Surat (Gujarat)
Bardoli (Gujarat)
Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)
Mundi (Madhya Pradesh)
Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir)
Panipat (Haryana)
Gurgaon (Haryana)
Allahabad or Prayag (Uttar
Pradesh)
Agra (Uttar Pradesh)
Varanasi or Benares or
Banaras or Kashi (Uttar

Nick Names
Twin City
City of Nizams, City of Pearls, Bangle City, Hitech City
Andhra Paris
City of Chillies, City of Spices
Secon Bardoli of India
Cultural City
Fertilizer City, Pensioners Paradise, Second Madras
Place of Victory, Land of Victory
Golden City
Royal City
Lychee City
Manchester of India, Boston of India
City of Diamonds, Flower City
Diamond City
Butter City
City of Lakes
Power Hub City
City of Rivers
City of Weavers, Eco-City
Millennium City
Abode of the God, Sangam City, City of Prime Ministers
Taj Nagari, Petha Nagari
City of Temples, Holy City, Religious Capital of India

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

Pradesh)
Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)
Meerut (Uttar Pradesh)
Luck now (Uttar Pradesh)
Mysore (Karnataka)
Coorg (Karnataka)
Auroville (Pondicherry)
Jamshedpur (Jharkhand)
Dhanbad (Jharkhand)
Udaipur (Rajasthan)
Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Jodhpur (Rajasthan)
Jaisalmer (Rajasthan)
Tezpur (Assam)
Bhuvaneshwar (Orissa)
Cuttack (Orissa)
Yavatmal (Maharashtra)

40

Mumbai (Maharashtra)

41
42
43
44
45
46

53

Thane (Maharashtra)
Nasik (Maharashtra)
Pune (Maharshtra)
Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Kolhapur (Maharashtra)
Ichalkaranji (Maharashtra)
Bengaluru or Bangalore
(Karnataka)
Yercaud (Tamil Nadu)
Vaniyambadi (Tamil Nadu)
Salem (Tamil Nadu)
Namakkal (Tamil Nadu)
Tiruchirappali or Trichy
(Tamil Nadu)
Nilgris (Tamil Nadu)

54

Chennai (Tamil Nadu)

55

Madurai (Tamil Nadu)

56

Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)

47
48
49
50
51
52

Leather City, Manchester of the East

Sports Capital of India, Scissor City
City of Nawabs, City of Marbels, City of Elephants
Sandal Wood City
Scotland of India
City of Dawn
Steel city, Pittsburg of India
Coal Capital of India
Lake City, White City, Venice of the East
Pink City, City of Palaces, Paris of India
Sun City, Blue City
Golden City
City of Blood
Temple City
Silver City
Cotton City
City of Seven Islands, Gateway of India, Hollywood of
India, City of Dreams
City of Lakes
Grape City, Wine Capital
Deccan Queen
City of Orange
City of Wrestlers
Manchester of Maharashtra
Garden City, Electronic City, Silicon Valley, Space City,
Pensioners Paradise
Poor Mans Ooty
Leather City of South India
Mango City
Egg City
Rock Fort City, Energy Equipment & Fabrication Capital
of India
Blue Mountains
Gateway of South India, Detroit of Asia or India, Motor
city of India, Banking capital of India, Autohub of India
City of Festivals, Temple City, Sleepless City
Manchester of the South, Textile city of India, Capital of
Kongu Nadu, Engineering City of India

57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72

Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu)

Rishikesh (Uttarkand)
Nainital (Uttarkhand)
Mussorie (Uttarakhand)
Kollam (Kerala)
Alappuzha (Kerala)
Trivandrum (Kerala)
Kochi or Cochin (Kerala)
Kolkatta (West Bengal)
Asansol (West Bengal)
Darjeeling (West Bengal)
Durgapur (West Bengal)
Malda (West Bengal)
Siliguri (West Bengal)
Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh)
Dispur (Assam) (A locality in
the Guwahati city, which is
capital of Assam)

73

Guwahati (Assam)

74

Shillong (Meghalaya)
New Delhi (NCR-National
Capital Region)
Noida (NCR)

75
76

Pearl City, Pearl Harbor of India

City of Sages, Yoga City
City of Lakes
Hill Queen City
Cashew Capital of the World, Prince of Arabian Sea
Venice of the East
City of Statues
Queen of Arabian Sea, Garden of Spices
City of Castles, City of Buildings
Land of Black Diamonds
The Queen of the Hills
Ruhr of India
Mango City
Gateway of North East India, City of Hospitality
Land of Rising Sun
City of Temples
City of Eastern Astrology, City of Temples, Gateway of
North East India
Scotland of the East
City of Rallies
IT Capital of NCR

Tricky Countries Capital List

General Awareness

Memorizing list of the countrys capital is a tedious task. So most people memorize the important capitals
of the world. But there is some countrys capital which confuses or tricks you in the examinations. So here
I have listed out some important capitals of the world countries that are easy, that confuses you
often, that have more than one capital. I also have written some of the facts or notes which make you
to remember the capitals easier. Thus the list of tricky countries capital list are as follows

S.No

Countries

Capital

1.

Singapore

Singapore

2.

Vatican City

Vatican City

3.

Australia

Canberra

4.

Canada

Ottawa

5.

Belize

Belmopan

6.

Brazil

Brasilia

7.

Burma/Myanmar

Naypyitaw

8.

China

Beijing

9.

El Salvador

San Salvador

Notes/Points to note for easy remembrance

Singapore is a small country expanded by land
reclamation. Easy to remember.
Smallest Internationally recognized Independent
state by area and population. Easy to remember.
Largest Inland city is Canberra. Most of the
cities you heard of are in the coastal area like
Adelaide, Melbourne, and Gold coast,
Newcastle, Brisbane, Perth and Sydney.
Canberra is a planned city after a settlement was
made between rivals Sydney and Melbourne.
Toronto is the most populous city and hosts
Toronto stock Exchange. Toronto headquarters
5 largest banks. So Toronto is the commercial
capital of Canada, not the national capital.
The only country in Central American to
have English also as National Language. Belize
city is the largest city.
Brasilia was planned and founded in 1960, to
move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a central
location.
The capital was moved from Yangoon
(Rangoon) to give a strategic position centrally
to provide stability to other areas of the country.
Not to be confused with Shanghai. As Shanghai
is the world most populous city, global financial
center and worlds busiest container port but not
the capital of China.
En Salvador is the most populated district and

10.

Guatemala

11.

Guinea

12.

Guineau-Bissau

13.

Equatorial Guineau

14.
15.

Equador
Ghana

16.

Kazakhstan

17.

Kuwait

18.

Luxembourg

19.

Nauru

20.
21.

Panama
San Marino

22.

South Africa

23.

Sri Lanka

24.

Switzerland

25.

Tunisia

26.

United Arab
Emirates

also hosts most of the MNCs & Banks as its

Head Quarters. It also has a World Trade
Center.
Not to be confused with Guantanamo detention
Guatemala City
camp, run by USA.
It is also called French Guineau. It was formerly
Conakry
a French colony.
Easy to remember. Was formerly a Portuguese
Bissau
colony. It is also called Portuguese Guineau.
Oyala is the planned city and future capital
Malabo
which is under construction. Equatorial Guineau
was formerly a Spanish colony.
Quito
Quito lies near the Earths Equator line.
Accra
Accra lies near the Earths Equator line.
Akmola was renamed as Astana. It was formed
only in 1997 after moving the capital from
Astana
Almaty. Astana is the second coldest capital in
the world. First new capital of 21st century.
Astana is a Kazak title meaning Capital.
Kuwait City
Easy to remember.
Luxembourg
Easy to remember.
City
Nauru is the worlds second least populated
Yaren
state next to Vatican City.
Panama City
Easy to remember.
San Marino
Easy to remember.
Has three capitals namely Capetown
Pretoria,
(Legislative), Pretoria (Executive) and
Bloemfontein,
Bloemfontein (Judicial). Pretoria is the de facto
Cape Town
capital.
Colombo, Sri
Has two capitals namely Sri Jayawardenepura
Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative) and Colombo
Kotte
(Commercial).
Bern is the de facto capital or Federal capital.
Bern
Not to confuse with Zurich, Geneva and Basel.
Easy to remember. Housed the Arab League
(League of 22 Arab nations) HQ from 19791990 during Egypts peace with Israel. In 1970Tunis
2003 also housed Palestine Liberation
Organisation as it was bombed by the Israeli Air
Force.
Not to be confused with Dubai, as it is the
Abu Dhabi
global hub for tourism, retail and finance. Dubai

27.

Vietnam

28.

United States of
America

and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to

have veto power over major matters in the
UAEs legislature.
Ho Chi Minh city is the largest city in Vietnam
Hanoi
but not the capital.
Planned capital and selected by President
George Washington. Not to be confused with
Washington D.C New York city as it is the head quarters to
United Nations, cultural and financial capital of
the world. D.C stands for District of Columbia.

List of waterfalls in India

Waterfall
Kunchikal Falls
Barehipani Falls
Langshiang Falls
Nohkalikai Falls
Nohsngithiang Falls
Dudhsagar Falls
Kynrem Falls
Meenmutty Falls
Thalaiyar Falls
Barkana Falls
Jog Falls
Khandadhar Falls
Vantawng Falls
Penchalakona Falls
Kune Falls
Soochipara Falls
Magod Falls
Hebbe Falls
Duduma Falls
Joranda Falls
Palani Falls
Lodh Falls
Bishop Falls
Chachai Falls
Keoti Falls
Kalhatti Falls
Beadon Falls
Keppa Falls
Koosalli Falls
Pandavgad Falls
Rajat Prapat

Height
455 meters (1,493 ft)
399 meters (1,309 ft)
337 meters (1,106 ft)
335 meters (1,099 ft)
315 meters (1,033 ft)
310 meters (1,020 ft)
305 meters (1,001 ft)
300 meters (980 ft)
297 meters (974 ft)
259 meters (850 ft)
253 meters (830 ft)
244 meters (801 ft)
229 meters (751 ft)
219 meters (719 ft)
200 meters (660 ft)
200 meters (660 ft)
198 meters (650 ft)
168 meters (551 ft)
175 meters (574 ft)
157 meters (515 ft)
150 meters (490 ft)
143 meters (469 ft)
135 meters (443 ft)
130 meters (430 ft)
130 meters (430 ft)
122 meters (400 ft)
120 meters (390 ft)
116 meters (381 ft)
116 meters (381 ft)
107 meters (351 ft)
107 meters (351 ft)

Location
Shimoga district, Karnataka
Mayurbhanj district, Odisha
West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
Karnataka, Goa
East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
Wayanad district, Kerala
Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu
Shimoga district, Karnataka
Sagar, Karnataka
Sundargarh district, Odisha
Serchhip district, Mizoram
Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh
Lonavla, Maharashtra
Wayanad district, Kerala
Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka
Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka
Koraput district, Odisha
Mayurbhanj district, Odisha
Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh
Latehar district, Jharkhand
Shillong, Meghalaya
Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh
Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh
Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka
Shillong, Meghalaya
Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka
Udupi, Karnataka
Thane, Maharashtra
Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh

Bundla Falls
Shivanasamudra Falls
Agaya Gangai
Lower Ghaghri Falls
Hundru Falls
Sweet Falls
Gatha Falls
Teerathgarh Falls
Kiliyur Falls
Kedumari Falls
Muthyala Maduvu Falls
Palaruvi Falls
Kuntala Falls

100 meters (330 ft)

98 meters (322 ft)
92 meters (302 ft)
98 meters (322 ft)
98 meters (322 ft)
98 meters (322 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
45 meters (148 ft)

Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh

Mysore, Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Latehar district, Jharkhand
Ranchi district, Jharkhand
Shillong, Meghalaya
Panna district, Madhya Pradesh
Baster district, Chhattisgarh
Yercaud, Tamil Nadu
Udupi district, Karnataka
Bangalore, Karnataka
Kollam district, Kerala
Nirmal, Telangana

Important Rivers in India

Length of some important Indian Rivers

Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

River

Length (km)

Indus
Brahmaputra
Ganga
Godavari
Narmada
Krishna
Mahanadi
Kaveri

3,200
2,900
2,525
1,465
1,312
1,290
890
760

State-Wise details of Rivers Covered

S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

State
Andhra Pradesh
Bihar
Delhi
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala

10

Madhya Pradesh

11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Mahrashtra
Nagaland
Orissa
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu

River
Godavari & Musi
Ganga
Yamuna
Mandovi
Sabarmati
Yamuna
Damodar, Ganga & Subarnarekha
Bhadra, Tungabhadra,Cauvery, Tunga & Pennar
Pamba
Betwa, Tapti, Wainganga, Khan, Narmada, Kshipra, Beehar,
Chambal & Mandakini.
Krishna, Godavari, Tapi and Panchganga
Diphu & Dhansiri
Brahmini & Mahanadi
Satluj
Chambal
Rani Chu
Cauvery, Adyar, Cooum, Vennar, Vaigai & Tambarani

18
19
20

Uttar Pradesh
Uttranchal
West Bengal

Yamuna, Ganga & Gomti

Ganga
Ganga, Damodar & Mahananda

Cities on River Bank

City
Chandauli
Jajmau
Naubasta
Nawabganj
Bithoor
Ujjain
Kolhapur
Rajkot
Vadodara
Agra
Mathura
New Delhi
Auraiya
Etawah
Jabalpur
Hyderabad
Vijayawada
Bangalore
Farrukhabad
Fatehgarh
Kannauj
Mangalore
Shimoga
Bhadravathi
Hospet
Karwar
Bagalkot
Honnavar
Gwalior

River
Ganges
Ganges
Pandu
Ganges
Ganges
Kshipra
Panchganga
Aji
Vishwamitri
Yamuna
Yamuna
Yamuna
Yamuna
Yamuna
Narmada
Moosi
Krishna
Vrishabhavathi
Ganges
Ganges
Ganges
Netravati,
Gurupura
Tunga River
Bhadra
Tungabhadra
Kali
Ghataprabha
Sharavathi
Chambal

State
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Gujarat
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Delhi
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh

Gorakhpur
Luck now
Kanpur
Kanpur
Cantonment
Shuklaganj
Chakeri
Kolkata
Varanasi
Allahabad
Ahmadabad
Patna
Malegaon
Guwahati
Cuttack
Sambalpur
Rourkela
Haridwar
Pune
Daman
Madurai
Thiruchirapalli
Chennai
Coimbatore
Erode
Tirunelveli
Surat
Bharuch
Kota
Karjat
Nashik
Mahad
Rajahmundry
Nanded
Nellore
Sangli
Karad

Rapti
Gomti
Ganges

Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh

Ganges

Uttar Pradesh

Ganges
Ganges
Hooghly
Ganges
Ganges
Sabarmati
Ganges
Girna River
Brahmaputra
Mahanadi
Mahanadi
Brahmani
Ganges
Mula, Mutha
Daman Ganga
River
Vaigai
Kaveri
Cooum, Adyar
Noyyal
Kaveri
Thamirabarani
Tapti
Narmada
Chambal
Ulhas
Godavari
Savitri
Godavari
Godavari
Pennar
Krishna
Krishna,Koyna

Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Gujarat
Bihar
Maharashtra
Assam
Orissa
Orissa
Orissa
Uttarkhand
Maharashtra
Daman
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Gujrat
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Maharashtra

Classification of Missile
Missiles are generally classified on the basis of their Type, Launch Mode, Range, Propulsion, Warhead
and Guidance Systems.
Type:
Cruise Missile
Ballistic Missile
Launch Mode:
Surface-to-Surface Missile
Surface-to-Air Missile
Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile
Air-to-Air Missile
Air-to-Surface Missile
Sea-to-Sea Missile
Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile
Anti-Tank Missile
Range:
Short Range Missile
Medium Range Missile
Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
Propulsion:
Solid Propulsion
Liquid Propulsion
Hybrid Propulsion
Ramjet
Scramjet
Cryogenic
Warhead:
Conventional
Strategic

Guidance Systems:
Wire Guidance
Command Guidance
Terrain Comparison Guidance
Terrestrial Guidance
Inertial Guidance
Beam Rider Guidance
Laser Guidance
RF and GPS Reference
On the basis of Type:
(I) Cruise Missile: A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled (till the time of impact) guided vehicle
that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path and whose primary mission is to
place an ordnance or special payload on a target. They fly within the earths atmosphere and use jet
engine technology. These vehicles vary greatly in their speed and ability to penetrate
defences.ICBMCruise missiles can be categorized by size, speed (subsonic or supersonic), range and
whether launched from land, air, surface ship or submarine.
Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as:
1) Subsonic cruise missile
2) Supersonic cruise missile
3) Hypersonic cruise missile
Subsonic cruise missile flies at a speed lesser than that of sound. It travels at a speed of around 0.8
Mach. The well-known subsonic missile is the American Tomahawk cruise missile. Some other examples
are Harpoon of USA and Exocet of France.
Supersonic cruise missile travels at a speed of around 2-3 Mach i.e.; it travels a kilometer
approximately in a second. The modular design of the missile and its capability of being launched at
different orientations enable it to be integrated with a wide spectrum of platforms like warships,
submarines, different types of aircraft, mobile autonomous launchers and silos. The combination of
supersonic speed and warhead mass provides high kinetic energy ensuring tremendous lethal effect.
BRAHMOS is the only known versatile supersonic cruise missile system which is in service.
Hypersonic cruise missile travels at a speed of more than 5 Mach. Many countries are working to
develop hypersonic cruise missiles. BrahMos Aerospace is also in the process of developing a
hypersonic cruise missile, BRAHMOS-II, which would fly at a speed greater than 5 Mach.
(ii) Ballistic Missile: A ballistic missile is a missile that has a ballistic trajectory over most of its flight
path, regardless of whether or not it is a weapon-delivery vehicle. Ballistic missiles are categorized
according to their range, maximum distance measured along the surface of earths ellipsoid from the point

of launch to the point of impact of the last element of their payload. The missile carries a huge payload.
The carriage of a deadly warhead is justified by the distance the missile travels. Ballistic missiles can be
launched from ships and land based facilities. For example, Prithvi I, Prithvi II, Agni I, Agni II and Danish
ballistic missiles are currently operational in the Indian defense forces.
On the basis of Launch Mode:
(I) Surface-to-Surface Missile: A surface-to-surface missile is a guided projectile launched from a handheld, vehicle mounted, trailer mounted or fixed installation. It is often powered by a rocket motor or
sometimes fired by an explosive charge since the launch platform is stationary.
(ii) Surface-to-Air Missile: A surface-to-air missile is designed for launch from the ground to destroy
aerial targets like aircrafts, helicopters and even ballistic missiles. These missiles are generally called air
defense systems as they defend any aerial attacks by the enemy.
(iii) Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile: A surface (coast)-to-sea missile is designed to be launched from
land to ship in the sea as targets.
(iv) Air-to-Air Missile: An air-to-air missile is launched from an aircraft to destroy the enemy aircraft. The
missile flies at a speed of 4 Mach.
(v) Air-to-Surface Missile: An air-to-surface missile is designed for launch from military aircraft and
strikes ground targets on land, at sea or both. The missiles are basically guided via laser guidance,
infrared guidance and optical guidance or via GPS signals. The type of guidance depends on the type of
target.
(vi) Sea-to-Sea Missile: A sea-to-sea missile is designed for launch from one ship to another ship.
(vii) Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile: A sea-to-surface missile is designed for launch from ship to land
based targets.
(viii) Anti-Tank Missile: An anti-tank missile is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy
heavily-armored tanks and other armored fighting vehicles. Anti-tank missiles could be launched from
aircraft, helicopters, and tanks and also from shoulder mounted launcher.
On the basis of Range:
This type of classification is based on maximum range achieved by the missiles. The basic classification
is as follows:

(I) Short Range Missile

(ii) Medium Range Missile
(iii) Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
(iv) Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
On the basis of Propulsion:
(I) Solid Propulsion: Solid fuel is used in solid propulsion. Generally, the fuel is aluminum powder. Solid
propulsion has the advantage of being easily stored and can be handled in fuelled condition. It can reach
very high speeds quickly. Its simplicity also makes it a good choice whenever large amount of thrust is
needed.
(ii) Liquid Propulsion: The liquid propulsion technology uses liquid as fuel. The fuels are hydrocarbons.
The storage of missile with liquid fuel is difficult and complex. In addition, preparation of missile takes
considerable time. In liquid propulsion, propulsion can be controlled easily by restricting the fuel flow by
using valves and it can also be controlled even under emergency conditions. Basically, liquid fuel gives
high specific impulse as compared to solid fuel.
(ii) Hybrid Propulsion: There are two stages in hybrid propulsion solid propulsion and liquid
propulsion. This kind of propulsion compensates the disadvantages of both propulsion systems and has
the combined advantages of the two propulsion systems.
(iii) Ramjet: A ramjet engine does not have any turbines unlike turbojet engines. It achieves
compression of intake air just by the forward speed of the air vehicle. The fuel is injected and ignited. The
expansion of hot gases after fuel injection and combustion accelerates the exhaust air to a velocity higher
than that at the inlet and creates positive push. However, the air entering the engine should be at
supersonic speeds. So, the aerial vehicle must be moving in supersonic speeds. Ramjet engines cannot
propel an aerial vehicle from zero to supersonic speeds.
(iv) Scramjet: Scramjet is an acronym for Supersonic Combustion Ramjet. The difference between
scramjet and ramjet is that the combustion takes place at supersonic air velocities through the engine. It
is mechanically simple, but vastly more complex aerodynamically than a jet engine. Hydrogen is normally
the fuel used.
(v) Cryogenic: Cryogenic propellants are liquefied gases stored at very low temperatures, most
frequently liquid hydrogen as the fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. Cryogenic propellants require
special insulated containers and vents which allow gas to escape from the evaporating liquids. The liquid
fuel and oxidizer are pumped from the storage tanks to an expansion chamber and injected into the
combustion chamber where they are mixed and ignited by a flame or spark. The fuel expands as it burns
and the hot exhaust gases are directed out of the nozzle to provide thrust.

On the basis of Warhead:

(I) Conventional Warhead: A conventional warhead contains high energy explosives. It is filled with a
chemi al explosive and relies on the detonation of the explosive and the resulting metal casing
fragmentation as kill mechanisms.
(ii) Strategic Warhead: In a strategic warhead, radioactive materials are present and when triggered they
exhibit huge radio activity that can wipe out even cities. They are generally designed for mass
annihilation.
On the basis of Guidance Systems:
(I) Wire Guidance: This system is broadly similar to radio command, but is less susceptible to electronic
counter measures. The command signals are passed along a wire (or wires) dispensed from the missile
after launch.
(ii) Command Guidance: Command guidance involves tracking the projectile from the launch site or
platform and transmitting commands by radio, radar, or laser impulses or along thin wires or optical fibers.
Tracking might be accomplished by radar or optical instruments from the launch site or by radar or
television imagery relayed from the missile.
(iii) Terrain Comparison Guidance: Terrain Comparison (TERCOM) is used invariably by cruise
missiles. The system uses sensitive altimeters to measure the profile of the ground directly below and
checks the result against stored information.
(iv) Terrestrial Guidance: This system constantly measures star angles and compares them with the
pre-programmed angles expected on the missiles intended trajectory. The guidance system directs the
control system whenever an alteration to trajectory is required.
(v) Inertial Guidance: This system is totally contained within the missile and is programmed prior to
launch. Three accelerometers, mounted on a platform space-stabilized by gyros, measure accelerations
along three mutually perpendicular axes; these accelerations are then integrated twice, the first
integration giving velocity and the second giving position. The system then directs the control system to
preserve the pre-programmed trajectory. These systems are used in the surface-to-surface missiles and
in cruise missiles.
(vi) Beam Rider Guidance: The beam rider concept relies on an external ground or ship-based radar
station that transmits a beam of radar energy towards the target. The surface radar tracks the target and
also transmits a guidance beam that adjusts its angle as the target moves across the sky.

(vii) Laser Guidance: In laser guidance, a laser beam is focused on the target and the laser beam
reflects off the target and gets scattered. The missile has a laser seeker that can detect even miniscule
amount of radiation. The seeker provides the direction of the laser scatters to the guidance system. The
missile is launched towards the target, the seeker looks out for the laser reflections and the guidance
system steers the missile towards the source of laser reflections that is ultimately the target.
(viii) RF and GPS Reference: RF (Radio Frequency) and GPS (Global Positioning System) are
examples of technologies that are used in missile guidance systems. A missile uses GPS signal to
determine the location of the target. Over the course of its flight, the weapon uses this information to send
commands to control surfaces and adjusts its trajectory. In a RF reference, the missile uses RF waves to
locate the target.

List of Indian Missiles

General Awareness

Missile Name
Astra Missile
K-100

Origin
India
Russia &
India

Type
Air-to-air missiles
Air-to-Air Missiles

Range
60 80 km

Speed
Mach 4 +

Medium Range air-to-air missile 300400 km Mach 3.3

Surface-To-Air Missiles
Medium-range surface-to-air
India
Akash Missile
missile
Long Range surface to air
Israel/India
Barak 8
Missile
Defense Missile
Exeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic
Prithvi Air Defense
India
missile
(PAD)
Endoatmospheric Anti-ballistic
Advanced Air Defense
India
missile
(AAD)
Exeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic
Prithvi Defense
India
missile
Vehicle (PDV)
Cruise Missiles
Subsonic cruise missile(Ship,
India
Nirbhay
submarine, aircraft and land)
Russia &
Supersonic cruise missile(Ship,
BrahMos
India
submarine, aircraft and land)
Hypersonic cruise missile(Ship,
India
BrahMos II
submarine, aircraft and land)
Surface-to-surface missiles
Medium-range ballistic missile
India
Agni-I
(MRBM)
Intermediate-range ballistic
India
Agni-II
missile(IRBM)
Intermediate-range ballistic
India
Agni-III
missile(IRBM)
Intermediate-range ballistic
India
Agni-IV
missile(IRBM)

30-35km

Mach 2.5
to 3.5

100 km

Mach 2

Altitude80km
Altitude30km
Altitude120km

Mach 5+
Mach 4.5

1,000 -1500
Mach 0.8
km
Mach 2.8
290 km
to 3 Mach
300km

Mach 7

700-1250 km Mach 7.5

2,0003,000
Mach 12
km
3,500 km
56 km/s
5,000 km
3,000
Mach 7
4,000 km

Agni-V
Prithvi I
Prithvi II
Dhanush
Prahaar(Pragati)
Shaurya

Intercontinental ballistic
missile(ICBM)
Short Range Ballistic
India
Missile(Tactical)
Short Range Ballistic
India
Missile(Tactical)
Short Range Ballistic
India
Missile(Tactical)
Short Range Ballistic
India
Missile(Tactical)
Medium-Range Ballistic Missile
India
(MRBM)
Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles
India

Sagarika (K-15)

India

Ballistic Missile

K-4

India

Ballistic Missile

K-5

India

Nag

India

Ballistic Missile
Anti-Tank Missile
Anti-Tank Guided Missile

India

Anti-Tank Guided Missile

Helina(HELIcopter
launched NAg)

5000
8000Km

Mach 24

150 km
350 km
350 600
km
150 km

Mach 2.03

750 to 1,900
Mach 7.5
km
700
Mach 7+
1900Km
3,5005,000
Mach 7+
km
6,000 km
4km
7-8km

230 m/s

Nicknames of famous Personalities

General Awareness

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Nickname
Akbar of Kashmir
Andhra Kesari
Anna
Babuji
Banga bandhu
Bard of Avon
Bengal Kesari
Bengali Tiger,Punjab Kesari,Lal,
Bal
Bihar Kesari
Bihar Vibhuti
Bird man of India
C. R. / Rajaji
Chacha,Pandit ji
Deen bandhu
Desert Fox
Desh bandhu
Desh Ratna, Ajatshatru
Deshpriya
Enlightened One
Father of English Poetry
Father of Gujarat
Father of Medicine
Father of the Local SelfGovernment
Father of the Nation,Bapu,Mahatma
Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan
Fuehrer
G.B.S
Grand Old man of Britain

Person
Jainul Abdin
T. Prakasam
C.N. Annadurai
Jagjeevan Ram
Sheikh Mujibut Rahman
William Shakespeare
Ashutosh Mukherji
Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin
Chandra Pal
Dr. Srikrishna Singh
Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh
Salim Ali
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
Jawaharlal Nehru
C.F. Andrews
Gen Ervin Rommel
Chitta Ranjan Das
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Yatindra Mohan Sengupta
Lord Buddha
Geoffery Chaucer
Ravi Shankar Maharaj
Hippocrates
Lord Rippon
Mahatma Gandhi
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Adolf Hitler
George Bernard Shaw
Willium E. Gladstone

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66

Grand Old man of India

Grand old man of Indian Journalism
Grandfather of Indian Films
Guruji
Haryana Hurricane
II Duce
Indian Einstein
Jana Nayak
King Maker
King Maker of Indian History
Kuvempu
Lady with the lamp
Li-Kwan
Little Corporal,Man of Destiny
Little Master
Lokmanya
Loknayak
Machiavelli of India
Magician of Hockey
Mahamana, Prince of Beggars
Maid of Orleans
Maiden Queen
Man of Blood and Iron
Man of Peace
Martin Luther of India
Morning Star of India Renaissance
Mother
Mysore Tiger
Napoleon of India
Neta Ji, Patriot of Patriots
Nightingale of India
Parrot of India, Tota-e-hind
Poets Poet
Prince of Autobiography
Prince of Builders
Prince of Martyrs, Sahid-e-Azam
Prince of Money Makers
Prince of Pilgrims

Dadabhai Naoroji
Tushar Kanti Ghosh
Dhundiraj Govind Phalke
M.S. Golvalkar
Kapil Dev
Benito Mussolini
Nagarjuna
Karpuri Thakur
Earl of Warwick
Sayyed Bandhu
K.V. Puttappa
Florence Nightinga
Pearl Buck
Napoleon Bonaparte
Sunil Gavaskar
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Jayaprakash Narayan
Chanakya
Dhyanchand
Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya
Joan of Arc
Queen Elizabeth I
Otto Van Bismark
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Dayanand Saraswati
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Mother Teresa
Tippu Sultan
Samudra Gupta
Subhash Chandra Bose
Sarojini Naidu
Amir Khushro
Edmund Spencer
Babur
Shahjahan
Bhagat Singh
Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Hiuen Tsang

67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81

Punjab Kesari
Quaid-I-Azam
Rajashree
Sage of Kanchi
Scourage of God
Shakespeare of India
Sher-e-Kashmir,Lion of Kashmir
Sparrow
Strong (Iron) Man of India
Swar Kokila
Tau
Udanpari
Uncle Ho
Vishwa Kavi,Kaviguru,Gurudev
Young Turk

Lala Lajpat Rai

Md. Ali Jinnah
Purushottam Das Tandon
Sankaracharya
Chengiz khan
Mahakavi Kalidas
Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah
Major General Rajinder Singh
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Lata Mangeshkar
Chaudhury Devi Lal
P.T. Usha
Ho Chi Minh
Rabindranath Tagore
Chandra Shekhar

Large Dams in India Complete List

General Awareness

Large dams of India

Note: Dam list taken from Water Resources Information System of India(india-wris.nrsc.gov.in)

S.No Dam Name

1

River

Tehri Dam Bhagirathi

Lakhwar
Yamuna
Dam
Idukki Dam Periyar

Bhakra Dam Satluj

5
6

7
8
9
10
11

Pakal Dul
Dam
Sardar
Sarover
Gujarat Dam
Srisailam
(N.S.R.S.P)
Dam
Ranjit Sagar
Dam
Baglihar
Dam
Chemera I
Dam
Cheruthoni
(Eb) Dam

Uttarakhand 204

451

580

Kerala
Himachal
Pradesh
Jammu &
Kashmir

169

366

1996.3

167

305

0.1254

Narmada

Gujarat

163

1210

9500

Krishna

Andhra
Pradesh

145

512

8722

Ravi

Punjab

145

617

3.28

143

364.362 428.28

140

295

Marusudar

CHENAB
Ravi
Cheruthoni

12

Pong Dam

13

Jamrani Dam Gola

Subansiri
Lower HE Subansiri
(Nhpc) Dam

14

Storage
Height Length
State
capacity
(m)
(m)
(MCM)
Uttarakhand 260.5 575
3540

Beas

Jammu &
Kashmir
Himachal
Pradesh
Kerala

167.64 518.16

138.38 651

391.3
1996.3

Himachal
132.59 1950.7 8570
Pradesh
Uttarakhand 130.6 465
208.6
Arunachal
Pradesh

130

284

1365

15
16
17
18

19

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

Ramganga
Dam
Nagarjuna
Sagar Dam
Kakki (Eb)
Dam
Nagi Dam
Salal
(Rockfill
And
Concrete )
Dam
Lakhya Dam
Sholayar
Dam
Koyna Dam
Idamalayar
(Eb) Dam
Supa Dam
Karjan Dam
Kulamavu
(Eb) Dam
Koteshwar
Dam
Lower :
PPSP Dam
Doyang Hep
Dam

Ramganga

Uttarakhand 127.5 630

2448

Krishna

Andhra
Pradesh

124.66 4865

11561.3

Kakki

Kerala

116.13 336.19 455.02

Nagi

Bihar

113.5 1884

10.8029

Chenab

Jammu &
Kashmir

113

487

28.5

Lakhya hole Karnataka

108

1048

273.79

Sholayar

Tamil Nadu 105.16 1244.18 152.7

Koyna

Maharashtra 103.02 807.72 2980.68

Idamalayar

Kerala

102

373

Kali Nadi
Karjan

Karnataka
Gujarat

101
100

331.29 4178
903
630

100

385

1996.3

Uttarakhand 97.5

300.5

88.9

West Bengal 95

310

16

Nagaland

92

462

565

Uttar
Pradesh

91.46 932

10600

Madhya
Pradesh

91.4

654

12200

Maharashtra 88.8

1580

974.188

Maharashtra 88.5

959

976.1

Tamil Nadu 88

357

44.4

Tamil Nadu 88

166

98.51

Chhattisgarh 87

554.5

3417

Kilivillithode Kerala
Bhagirathi

Doyang

Rihand Dam Rihand

Indira Sagar
(NHDC)
Narmada
Dam
Warna Dam Varna
Bhatsa and
Bhatsa Dam
chorna
Pillur Dam Bhavani
Upper
Kodayar
Kodayar
Dam
Minimata
Hasdeo
(Hasdeo)

1089.8

37
38

39

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Bango Dam
Jakham Main Jakham
Dam
(mahi)
Teesta -V
(NHPC)
Teesta
Dam
Lower
Ghatghar
Dam
Kallada
(Parappar) Kallada
(Id) Dam
Madupetty
Palar
(Eb) Dam
Parbati II
Parbati
Dam
Chakra Dam Chakra
Bandardhara
Paravara
Dam
Lower
Vaitarna
Vaitarna
Dam
Ukai Dam
Tapi
Upper Aliyar
Aliyar
Dam
Aruna Dam Aruna
Upper
Bhavani
Bhavani
Dam
Podagada
Podagada
Dam

Rajasthan

87

253

142.02

Sikkim

86.8

176.5

13.5

Maharashtra 86.14 449

3.21

Kerala

85.35 335

524

Kerala

85.34 237.74 55.23

Himachal
Pradesh
Karnataka

85

101.5

6.55

84

570

222.6

Maharashtra 82.35 2717

312.6

Maharashtra 82

567.07 204.98

Gujarat

4927

7497

315

81

Tamil Nadu 81

Maharashtra 80.41 1240

93.378

Tamil Nadu 80

419

101.2

462

2300

77.5