TRH 5751 HS - MEDIAEVAL LITURGICAL COMMENTARIES

SYLLABUS
Introduction
A number of sources allow us to know about the liturgy and how it developed. There are books
with the words used for Mass, daily prayer, baptism, etc., and other books called pontificals with
the material used in the liturgy in which bishops play a part. Ordos tell us about the liturgy as do
church architecture, religious art art and liturgical commentaries. The scope of the
commentaries was unexpectedly broad, describing and giving the reasons for the elements of
daily prayer, the Mass, baptism and ordinations but also touching on church structures, their
contents and how they were consecrated. They were interested in the ministers of the liturgy,
their orders and dress, and in the calendar (temporal and sanctoral), and of course in the
complex question of how the parish priest computed the date of Easter. The earliest
commentaries included the Didache from the late 1st century and the Apostolic Tradition from
the early 3rd. Commentators in the middle ages often relied on the work of their predecessors
and so layers of tradition were built up. The sources included scripture, sayings of the fathers,
canon law, monastic rules, papal decrees and sermons. We shall look at the work of four
commentators, Isidore of Seville from 7th century Spain, Bonizo of Sutri and Bernold of
Constance, from Italy and Germany of the 11th century, and a part of the huge commentary of
William Durand, 13th century bishop of Mende in southern France.
Instructor
Instructor: Barry F. H. Graham
Telephone:
905 279-5090 (a local call from 416)
Facsimile:
905 279-4065
E-mail: bfh.graham@utoronto.ca
Having no office, I do not celebrate office hours. However, students with problems which they
have been unable to work out on their own are urged to call any time between 10 am and 10
pm, any day of the week. I would be very grateful for telephone notice by 9:30 on the
morning of any class a student will not be able to attend.
Description
The classes will be spent in reading through parts of the following five liturgical commentaries:
Isidore of Seville, De ecclesiasticis officiis, books 1 and 2,
Bernold of Constance, Micrologus de ecclesiasticis observationibus,
Bonizo of Sutri, Libellus de sacramentis,
Guillaume Durand, Rationale divinorum officiorum, first part of book 4, and possibly
John Beleth, Summa de ecclesiasticis officiis,
using the instructors translations into English. The instructor will explain the meaning of the
readings and there will be discussion.
Objectives
The objective is to understand the facets of mediaeval liturgy which commentators found
important and will examine how the explanations are crafted. We will also see how the liturgy
was conducted.
Prerequisites

A familiarity with the structure of the Eucharist as it is practised in the Anglican and Roman
Catholic traditions. A knowledge of Latin would be helpful, but is not required.
Bibliography
Attached
Grading
1. 2% will be given for every class attended, to a maximum of 22%
2. At the beginning of each class after the first there will be a quiz, each consisting of 5
questions requiring short answers. Each correct answer up to a maximum of 4 will gain 1%
toward the final mark.
3. There will be a final examination worth 34% and, like the quizzes, will require a number of
short answers.
Class Size
A minimum of two students at the first two classes will be required for the course to proceed.

BFHG
16 April 2011

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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and
41A
Bernold of Constance. Micrologus de ecclesiasticis observationibus. Migne PL CLI. PIMS BR60
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Berschin, Walter. Bonizo von Sutri: Leben u. Werk. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1972. ROBA BX4705
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