Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles

Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles

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Title: Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles A First Latin Reader
Author: John Kirtland, ed.
Release Date: September, 2005 [EBook #8997] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file
was first posted on August 31, 2003]
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RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES
A FIRST LATIN READER
EDITED WITH NOTES AND A VOCABULARY BY JOHN COPELAND KIRTLAND, Jr. Professor of Latin
in The Phillips Exeter Academy
THE LITTLE THAT IS MINE IN THIS LITTLE BOOK I GRATEFULLY DEDICATE TO PROFESSOR
JOSEPH HETHERINGTON M'DANIELS TEACHER AND FRIEND
PREFACE
Some time ago a fellow-teacher brought the Fabulae Faciles to my notice, and I have since used two of them
each year with my class of beginners in Latin with increasing appreciation. Indeed, I know nothing better to
introduce the student into the reading of connected narrative, and to bridge the great gulf between the
beginner's book of the prevailing type and the Latinity of Caesar or Nepos. They are adapted to this use not
merely by reason of their simplicity and interest, but more particularly by the graduating of difficulties and the
large use of Caesarian words and phrases to which Mr. Ritchie calls attention in his preface.
Doubtless many American teachers have become familiar with portions of the Fabulae, for they have been
freely drawn upon in several Latin readers recently published in this country. I venture to hope that those who
have made the acquaintance of the work in this way will welcome a complete edition.
In England the little book has had a large use. Its pedagogical excellencies are well summed up in a letter
addressed to Mr. Ritchie by the Very Rev. E.C. Wickham, formerly Head-Master of Wellington College, the
well-known editor of Horace:-"It launches the student at once in ancient life. The old classical stories, simply told, seem to me much the best
material for early Latin reading. They are abundantly interesting; they are taken for granted in the real
literature of the language; and they can be told without starting the beginner on a wrong track by a barbarous
mixture of ancient and modern ideas.
"It combines, if I may say so, very skilfully, the interest of a continuous story, with the gradual and
progressive introduction of constructions and idioms. These seem to me to be introduced at the right moment,
and to be played upon long enough to make them thoroughly familiar."
In revising Mr. Ritchie's book for the use of American schools it has seemed best to make extensive changes.
Long vowels have been marked throughout, and the orthography of Latin words has been brought into
conformity with our practice. Many liberties have been taken with the text itself, especially in the latter part,
in the way of making it approximate more closely to our rather strict notions of the standards of model prose.
A few words and uses of words not found in the prose writers of the republic have been retained, but nothing,
it is hoped, that will seriously mislead the young student. I shall welcome any criticism that may lead to
further changes in the text in future editions.
The notes are entirely new, and are intended for students who have but just finished the beginner's book or
have not yet finished it. Some notes may appear at first sight unnecessary or unnecessarily hard, but the reason
for their insertion should be evident when the student begins the reading of classical Latin, the difficulties of
which will be less likely to appal the beginner if some of them have been already conquered. I believe it a
mistake to postpone all treatment of the uses of the subjunctive, for instance, or of the constructions of indirect
discourse until the study of Nepos or Caesar is begun. Besides, it is easier to neglect notes than to supply
them, and the teacher who prefers to do the first reading without much attention to the more difficult
constructions will only need to tell his students to disregard certain of my notes--or all of them.
There are no references to the grammars, but syntax has been given such treatment as seemed needed to
supplement its treatment in the beginner's book. Teachers will therefore be able to postpone the use of a
formal manual of grammar, if they so desire. Those who wish their classes to begin the reading of Latin at the
earliest possible moment will find it feasible to use this book as soon as the inflections and the more
elementary principles of syntax have been mastered.
In the vocabulary, the derivation or composition and the original meaning of words have been indicated
wherever these seemed likely to prove helpful. Principal parts and genitives have been given in such a way as
to prevent misunderstanding, and at the same time emphasize the composition of the verb or the suffix of the
noun: for example, _abscd, -cdere, -cd, -csus; aets, -ttis_.
The lists of works of English literature and of art in which the myths are treated are only suggestive.
Occasional readings from the one and exhibitions of representations of the other, either in the form of
photographs or by the stereopticon, will not only stimulate interest in the Latin text but aid also in creating in
the student a taste for literature and for art.
I planned at first to add some exercises for retranslation, but after careful consideration it has seemed not
worth while. Most teachers will prefer not to base composition upon the Latin read at this stage, and those
who wish to do so will find it an easy matter to prepare their own exercises, or can draw upon the copious
exercises prepared by Mr. Ritchie and published separately under the title Imitative Exercises in Easy Latin
Prose.
In the reading of proof I have had generous help from Dr. F.K. Ball of The Phillips Exeter Academy, Mr. J.C.
Flood of St. Mark's School, and Mr. A.T. Dudley of Noble and Greenough's School, Boston. The proof-sheets
have been used with the beginner's class in this Academy, and I have thus been able to profit by the criticism
of my associate Mr. G.B. Rogers, and to test the work myself. The assistance of my wife has greatly lightened
the labor of verifying the vocabulary.
JOHN C. KIRTLAND, Jr.
EXETER, N.H., 7 March, 1903.
CONTENTS
THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE. THE MYTHS IN ART. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. PERSEUS.
HERCULES. THE ARGONAUTS. ULYSSES. NOTES. VOCABULARY.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
THE CARPENTER SHUTTING UP DANAE AND PERSEUS IN THE ARK AT THE COMMAND OF
ACRISIUS (Vase-painting) HERCULES, NESSUS, AND DEJANIRA (Pompeian Wall-painting) MEDEA
MEDITATING THE MURDER OF HER SONS (Pompeian Wall-painting) ULYSSES AND CIRCE (Roman
Relief)
THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE
PERSEUS
Hawthorne, _A Wonder-Book: The Gorgon's Head_. Kingsley, _The Heroes: Perseus_. Cox, _Tales of
Ancient Greece: Medusa, Danae, Perseus, Andromeda, Akrisios_. Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The
Adventures of Perseus_. Kingsley, Andromeda. William Morris, _The Earthly Paradise: The Doom of King
Acrisius_. Lewis Morris, _The Epic of Hades: Andromeda_. Dowden, Andromeda. Shelley, On the Medusa of
Leonardo da Vinci. D. G. Rossetti, Aspecta Medusa.
HERCULES
Hawthorne, _A Wonder-Book: The Three Golden Apples_. Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: The Toils of
Herakles_. Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Hero of Heroes_. William Morris, _The Earthly Paradise: The
Golden Apples_. Lewis Morris, _The Epic of Hades: Deianeira_. Lang's translation of Theocritus, Idyls xxiv,
xxv.
THE ARGONAUTS
Apollonius of Rhodes, The Tale of the Argonauts, translated by Way. D.O.S. Lowell, _Jason's Quest_.
Hawthorne, _Tanglewood Tales: The Golden Fleece_. Kingsley, _The Heroes: The Argonauts_. Cox, _Tales
of Ancient Greece: Phrixos and Helle, Medeia_. Church, _Heroes and Kings: The Story of the Ship Argo_.
Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Golden Fleece_. William Morris, The Life and Death of Jason. Bayard
Taylor, Hylas. John Dyer, The Fleece. Lang's translation of Theocritus, several of the Idyls.
ULYSSES
Homer, The Odyssey, translated by Bryant (verse), William Morris (verse), Palmer (prose), Butcher and Lang
(prose). Lamb, The Adventures of Ulysses. Hawthorne, _Tanglewood Tales: Circe's Palace_. Cox, _Tales of
Ancient Greece: The Lotos-Eaters, Odysseus and Polyphemos, Odysseus and Kirk_. Church, _Stories from
Homer: The Cyclops, The Island of Aeolus, Circ_. Tennyson, _The Lotos-Eaters_. Matthew Arnold, The
Strayed Reveler. Dobson, The Prayer of the Swine to Circe.
THE MYTHS IN ART
Burne-Jones, Perseus and the Graeae. Caravaggio, Head of Medusa. Leonardo da Vinci, Head of Medusa.
Canova, Perseus. Benvenuto Cellini, Perseus, and Perseus saving Andromeda. Piero di Cosimo, Perseus and
Andromeda. Charles Antoine Coypel, Perseus and Andromeda. Domenichino, Perseus and Andromeda.
Rubens, Perseus and Andromeda. Giovanni da Bologna, Hercules and the Centaur. Bandinelli, Hercules and
Cacus. Guido Reni, Dejanira and the Centaur Nessus. Canova, Hercules and Lichas. Sichel, Medea. Genelli,
Jason and Medea capturing the Golden Fleece. Burne-Jones, Circe. L. Chalon, Circe and the Companions of
Ulysses. Rivire, Circe and the Companions of Ulysses.
Photographs and lantern-slides of all the works mentioned above may be obtained of the Soule Art Company,
Boston. The list might have been made much longer, but it seemed likely to prove most helpful if limited to
works of which reproductions are so easily obtainable. For the treatment of the myths in ancient art, the
teacher is referred to the numerous pertinent illustrations in Baumeister's _Denkmler des klassischen
Altertums_, or the same editor's _Bilder aus dem griechischen und rmischen Altertum fr Schler_, the latter
of which contains the cuts of the larger work, and is so cheap and so useful that it ought to lie on the desk of
every teacher of Greek or Latin.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
The Fabulae Faciles, or 'Easy Stories.' are four Greek myths retold in Latin, not by a Roman writer, however,
but by an Englishman, who believed that they would afford interesting and pleasant reading for young folks
who were just beginning the study of the Latin language. By myth is meant an imaginative tale that has been
handed down by tradition from remote antiquity concerning supernatural beings and events. Such tales are
common among all primitive peoples, and are by them accepted as true. They owe their origin to no single
author, but grow up as the untutored imagination strives to explain to itself the operations of nature and the
mysteries of life, or amuses itself with stories of the brave exploits of heroic ancestors.
The most beautiful and delightful of all myths are those that have come down to us in the remains of the
literature and the art of ancient Greece and Rome; they are also the most important to us, for many of the great
masterpieces of English literature and of modern art have been inspired by them and cannot be understood and
appreciated by one ignorant of classical mythology.
Of this mythology the Fabulae Faciles give but a small part. If you wish to know more of the subject, you
should read Gayley's The Classic Myths in English Literature, Guerber's Myths of Greece and Rome, or the
books by Kingsiey, Cox, Church, and Francillon mentioned earlier.
PERSEUS
_Acrisius, an ancient king of Argos, had been warned by an oracle that he should perish by the hand of his
grandson. On discovering, therefore, that his daughter Danae had given birth to a son, Acrisius endeavored to
escape his fate by setting both mother and child adrift on the sea. They were saved, however, by the help of
Jupiter; and Perseus, the child, grew up at the court of Polydectes, king of Seriphos, an island in the Aegean
Sea. On reaching manhood, Perseus was sent by Polydectes to fetch the head of Medusa, one of the Gorgons.
This dangerous task he accomplished with the help of Apollo and Minerva, and on his way home he rescued
Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus, from a sea-monster. Perseus then married Andromeda, and lived some time
in the country of Cepheus. At length he returned to Serphos, and turned Polydectes to stone by showing him
the Gorgon's head; he then went to the court of Acrisius, who fled in terror at the news of his grandson's
return. The oracle was duly fulfilled, for Acrisius was accidentally killed by a quoit thrown by Perseus_.
1. THE ARK Haec nrrantur pots d Perse. Perseus flius erat Iovis, mxim derum; avus ius Acrisius
appellbtur. Acrisius volbat Perseum neptem suum necre; nam propter rculum puerum timbat.
Comprehendit igitur Perseum adhc infantem, et cum mtre in arc lgne inclsit. Tum arcam ipsam in mare
conicit. Dana, Perse mter, mgnopere territa est; tempests enim mgna mare turbbat. Perseus autem in
sin mtris dormibat.
2. JUPITER SAVES HIS SON Iuppiter tamen haec omnia vdit, et flium suum servre cnstituit. Tranquillum
igitur fcit mare, et arcam ad nsulam Serphum perdxit. Hius nsulae Polydects tum rx erat. Postquam
arca ad ltus appulsa est, Dana in harn quitem capibat. Post breve tempus pisctre qudam reperta est,
et ad domum rgis Polydectis adducta est. Ille mtrem et puerum bengn excpit, et is sdem ttam in
fnibus sus dedit. Dana hc dnum libenter accpit, et pr tant benefici rg grtis git.
3. PERSEUS IS SENT ON HIS TRAVELS Perseus igitur mults anns ibi habitbat, et cum mtre su vtam
betam agbat. At Polydects Danan mgnopere ambat, atque eam in mtrimnium dcere volbat. Hc
tamen cnsilium Perse minim grtum erat. Polydects igitur Perseum dmittere cnstituit. Tum iuvenem ad
s vocvit et haec dxit: "Turpe est hanc gnvam vtam agere; iam ddum t adulscns es. Qu sque hc
manbis? Tempus est arma capere et virttem praestre. Hinc ab, et caput Medsae mihi refer."
4. PERSEUS GETS HIS OUTFIT Perseus ubi haec audvit, ex nsul discessit, et postquam ad continentem
vnit, Medsam quaesvit. Di frstr quaerbat; namque ntram loc gnrbat. Tandem Apoll et Minerva
viam dmnstrvrunt. Prmum ad Graes, sorrs Medsae, pervnit. Ab hs tlria et galeam magicam
accpit. Apoll autem et Minerva falcem et speculum dedrunt. Tum postquam tlria pedibus induit, in era
ascendit. Di per cra volbat; tandem tamen ad eum locum vnit ubi Medsa cum cters Gorgonibus
habitbat. Gorgons autem mnstra erant speci horribil; capita enim erum anguibus omnn contcta erant.
Mans etiam ex aere factae erant.
5. _THE GORGON'S HEAD_
Rs difficillima erat caput Gorgonis abscdere; ius enim cnspect homines in saxum vertbantur. Propter
hanc causam Minerva speculum Perse dederat. Ille igitur tergum vertit, et in speculum nspicibat; hc mod
ad locum vnit ubi Medsa dormibat. Tum falce su caput ius n ct abscdit. Cterae Gorgons statim
somn excittae sunt, et ubi rem vdrunt, r commtae sunt. Arma rapurunt, et Perseum occdere volbant.
Ille autem dum fugit, galeam magicam induit; et ubi hc fcit, statim cnspect erum vsit.
6. _THE SEA-SERPENT_
Post haec Perseus in fns Aethiopum vnit. Ibi Cpheus qudam ill tempore rgnbat. Hc Neptnum, maris
deum, lim offenderat; Neptnus autem mnstrum saevissimum mserat. Hc cottdi mar venibat et
homins dvorbat. Ob hanc causam pavor anims omnium occupverat. Cpheus igitur rculum de
Hammnis cnsuluit, atque de issus est fliam mnstr trdere. ius autem flia, nomine Andromeda,
virg frmsissima erat. Cpheus ubi haec audvit, mgnum dolrem percpit. Volbat tamen cvs sus
tant percul extrahere, atque ob eam causam imperta Hammnis facere cnstituit.
7. A HUMAN SACRIFICE Tum rx diem certam dxit et omnia parvit. Ubi ea dis vnit, Andromeda ad ltus
dducta est, et in cnspect omnium ad rpem adligta est. Omns ftum ius dplrbant, nec lacrims
tenbant. At subit, dum mnstrum exspectant, Perseus accurrit; et ubi lacrims vdit, causam dolris quaerit.
Ill rem ttam expnunt et puellam dmnstrant. Dum haec geruntur, fremitus terribilis audtur; simul
mnstrum horribil speci procul cnspicitur. ius cnspectus timrem mximum omnibus inicit. Mnstrum
mgn celeritte ad ltus contendit, iamque ad locum appropinqubat ubi puella stbat.
8. THE RESCUE At Perseus ubi haec vdit, gladium suum dxit, et postquam tlria induit, in era subltus
est. Tum dsuper in mnstrum impetum subit fcit, et gladi su collum ius graviter vulnervit. Mnstrum
ubi snsit vulnus, fremitum horribilem didit, et sine mor ttum corpus in aquam mersit. Perseus dum circum
ltus volat, reditum ius exspectbat. Mare autem intere undique sanguine nficitur. Post breve tempus blua
rrsus caput sustulit; mox tamen Perse ct gravire vulnerta est. Tum iterum s in unds mersit, neque
poste vsa est.
9. THE REWARD OF VALOR Perseus postquam ad ltus dscendit, prmum tlria exuit; tum ad rpem vnit
ubi Andromeda vincta erat. Ea autem omnem spem saltis dposuerat, et ubi Perseus adiit, terrre paene
exanimta erat. Ille vncula statim solvit, et puellam patr reddidit. Cpheus ob hanc rem mxim gaudi
adfectus est. Meritam grtiam pr tant benefici Perse rettulit; praetere Andromedam ipsam e in
mtrimnium dedit. Ille libenter hc dnum accpit et puellam dxit. Paucs anns cum uxre su in e
regine habitbat, et in mgn honre erat apud omns Aethiops. Mgnopere tamen mtrem suam rrsus
vidre cupibat. Tandem igitur cum uxre su rgn Cphe discessit.
10. POLYDECTES IS TURNED TO STONE Postquam Perseus ad nsulam nvem appulit, s ad locum
contulit ubi mter lim habitverat, sed domum invnit vacuam et omnn dsertam. Trs dis per ttam
nsulam mtrem quaerbat; tandem quart di ad templum Dinae pervnit. Hc Dana refgerat, quod
Polydectem timbat. Perseus ubi haec cgnvit, r mgn commtus est; ad rgiam Polydectis sine mor
contendit, et ubi e vnit, statim in trium inrpit. Polydects mgn timre adfectus est et fugere volbat.
Dum tamen ille fugit, Perseus caput Medsae mnstrvit; ille autem simul atque hc vdit, in saxum versus
est.
II. THE ORACLE FULFILLED Post haec Perseus cum uxre su ad urbem Acris rediit. Ille autem ubi
Perseum vdit, mgn terrre adfectus est; nam propter rculum istud neptem suum adhc timbat. In
Thessaliam igitur ad urbem Lrsam statim refgit, frstr tamen; neque enim ftum suum vtvit. Post paucs
anns rx Lrsae lds mgns fcit; nntis in omns parts dmserat et diem dxerat. Mult ex omnibus
urbibus Graeciae ad lds convnrunt. Ipse Perseus inter alis certmen discrum iniit. At dum discum
conicit, avum suum cs occdit; Acrisius enim inter specttrs ius certminis forte stbat.
HERCULES
_Hercules, a Greek hero celebrated for his great strength, was pursued throughout his life by the hatred of
Juno. While yet an infant, he strangled some serpents sent by the goddess to destroy him. During his boyhood
and youth he performed various marvelous feats of strength, and on reaching manhood succeeded in
delivering the Thebans from the oppression of the Minae. In a fit of madness sent upon him by Juno, he slew
his own children; and on consulting the Delphic oracle as to how he should cleanse himself from this crime,
he was ordered to submit himself for twelve years to Eurystheus, king of Tiryns, and to perform whatever
tasks were appointed him. Hercules obeyed the oracle, and during the twelve years of his servitude
accomplished twelve extraordinary feats known as the Labors of Hercules. His death was caused
unintentionally by his wife Dejanira. Hercules had shot with his poisoned arrows a centaur named Nessus,
who had insulted Dejanira. Nessus, before he died, gave some of his blood to Dejanira, and told her it would
act as a charm to secure her husband's love. Some time after, Dejanira wishing to try the charm soaked one of
her husband's garments in the blood, not knowing that it was poisoned. Hercules put on the robe, and after
suffering terrible torments died, or was carried off by his father Jupiter_.
12. THE HATRED OF JUNO Herculs, Alcmnae flius, lim in Graeci habitbat. Hc omnium hominum
validissimus fuisse dcitur. At In, rgna derum, Alcmnam derat et Herculem adhc nfantem necre
voluit. Msit igitur dus serpents saevissims; hae medi nocte in cubiculum Alcmnae vnrunt, ubi
Herculs cum frtre su dormibat. Nec tamen in cns, sed in sct mgn cubbant. Serpents iam
appropinquverant et sctum movbant; itaque puer somn excitt sunt.
13. HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS phicls, frter Herculis, mgn vce exclmvit; sed Herculs ipse,
fortissimus puer, haudququam territus est. Parvs manibus serpents statim prehendit, et colla erum mgn
v compressit. Tl mod serpents puer interfectae sunt. Alcmna autem, mter puerrum, clmrem
audverat, et martum suum somn excitverat. Ille lmen accendit et gladium suum rapuit; tum ad puers
properbat, sed ubi ad locum vnit, rem mram vdit, Herculs enim rdbat et serpents mortus mnstrbat.
14. _THE MUSIC-LESSON_
Herculs puer corpus suum dligenter exercbat; mgnam partem di in palaestr cnsmbat; didicit
etiam arcum intendere et tla conicere. Hs exercittinibus vrs ius cnfrmtae sunt. In msic etiam
Lin centaur rudibtur (centaur autem equ erant sed caput hominis habbant); huic tamen art minus
dligenter studbat. Hc Linus Herculem lim obirgbat, quod nn studisus erat; tum puer rtus citharam
subit rapuit, et omnibus vribus caput magistr nflcis percussit. Ille ct prstrtus est, et paul post vt
excessit, neque quisquam poste id officium suscipere voluit.
15. HERCULES ESCAPES SACRIFICE D Hercule haec etiam inter alia nrrantur. lim dum iter facit, in
fns Aegyptirum vnit. Ibi rx qudam, nmine Bsris, ill tempore rgnbat; hc autem vir crdlissimus
homins immolre cnsuverat. Herculem igitur corripuit et in vincula conicit. Tum nntis dmsit et diem
sacrifici dxit. Mox ea dis appetbat, et omnia rte parta sunt. Mans Herculis catns ferres vinctae sunt,
et mola salsa in caput ius nspersa est. Ms enim erat apud antqus salem et fr capitibus victimrum
impnere. Iam victima ad ram stbat; iam sacerds cultrum smpserat. Subit tamen Herculs mgn cnt
vincula perrpit; tum ct sacerdtem prstrvit; alter rgem ipsum occdit.
16. A CRUEL DEED Herculs iam adulscns Thbs habitbat. Rx Thbrum, vir gnvus, Cren
appellbtur. Minyae, gns bellicsissima, Thbns fnitim erant. Lgt autem Minys ad Thbns
quotanns mittbantur; h Thbs venibant et centum bovs postulbant. Thbn enim lim Minys supert
erant; tribta igitur rg Minyrum quotanns pendbant. At Herculs cvs sus hc stpendi lberre
cnstituit; lgts igitur comprehendit, atque aurs erum abscdit. Lgt autem apud omns gents snct
habentur.
17. THE DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE Ergnus, rx Minyrum, ob haec vehementer rtus statim cum omnibus
cpis in fns Thbnrum contendit. Cren adventum ius per explrtrs cgnvit. Ipse tamen pgnre
nluit, nam mgn timre adfectus erat; Thbn igitur Herculem impertrem crevrunt. Ille nntis in
omns parts dmsit, et cpis cogit; tum proxim di cum mgn exercit profectus est. Locum idneum
dlgit et aciem nstrxit. Tum Thbn superire loc impetum in hosts fcrunt. Ill autem impetum
sustinre nn poturunt; itaque acis hostium pulsa est atque in fugam conversa.
18. MADNESS AND MURDER Post hc proelium Herculs cpis sus ad urbem redxit. Omns Thbn
propter victriam mxim gaudbant; Cren autem mgns honribus Herculem decorvit, atque fliam suam
e in mtrimnium dedit. Herculs cum uxre su betam vtam agbat; sed post paucs anns subit in
furrem incidit, atque lbers sus ipse su man occdit. Post breve tempus ad snittem reductus est, et
propter hc facinus mgn dolre adfectus est; mox ex urbe effgit et in silvs s recpit. Nlbant enim cvs
sermnem cum e habre.
19. HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE Herculs tantum scelus expire mgnopere cupibat. Cnstituit
igitur ad rculum Delphicum re; hc enim rculum erat omnium celeberrimum. Ibi templum erat Apollinis
plrims dns rntum. Hc in templ sedbat fmina quaedam, nmine Pthia et cnsilium dabat is qu ad
rculum venibant. Haec autem fmina ab ips Apolline docbtur, et volunttem de hominibus nntibat.
Herculs igitur, qu Apollinem praecipu colbat, hc vnit. Tum rem ttam exposuit, neque scelus clvit.
20. _THE ORACLE'S REPLY_
Ubi Herculs fnem fcit, Pthia prm tacbat; tandem tamen iussit eum ad urbem Tryntha re, et Eurysthe
rgis omnia imperta facere. Herculs ubi haec audvit, ad urbem illam contendit, et Eurysthe rg s in
servittem trdidit. Duodecim anns crdlissim Eurysthe servibat, et duodecim labrs, qus ille
imperverat, cnfcit; hc enim n mod tantum scelus expir potuit. D hs labribus plrima pots
scrpta sunt. Multa tamen quae potae nrrant vix crdibilia sunt.
21. _FIRST LABOR: THE NEMEAN LION_
Prmum ab Eurysthe issus est Herculs lenem occdere qu ill tempore vallem Nemeaeam reddbat
nfstam. In silvs igitur in quibus le habitbat statim s contulit. Mox feram vdit, et arcum, quem scum
attulerat, intendit; ius tamen pellem, quae dnsissima erat, tricere nn potuit. Tum clv mgn quam
semper gerbat lenem percussit, frstr tamen; neque enim hc mod eum occdere potuit. Tum dmum
collum mnstr bracchis sus complexus est et faucs ius omnibus vribus compressit. Hc mod le brev
tempore exanimtus est; nlla enim resprand facults e dabtur. Tum Herculs cadver ad oppidum in
umers rettulit; et pellem, quam dtrxerat, poste pr veste gerbat. Omns autem qu eam reginem
incolbant, ubi fmam d morte lenis accprunt, vehementer gaudbant et Herculem mgn honre
habbant.
22. _SECOND LABOR: THE LERNEAN HYDRA_
Paul post issus est ab Eurysthe Hydram necre. Hc autem mnstrum erat cui novem erant capita.
Herculs igitur cum amc Iol profectus est ad paldem Lernaeam, in qu Hydra habitbat. Mox mnstrum
invnit, et quamquam rs erat mgn percul, collum ius sinistr prehendit. Tum dextr capita novem
abscdere coepit; quotins tamen hc fcerat, nova capita exoribantur. Di frstr labrbat; tandem hc
cnt dstitit. Deinde arbors succdere et gnem accendere cnstituit. Hc celeriter fcit, et postquam lgna
gnem comprehendrunt, face rdente colla adssit, unde capita exoribantur. Nec tamen sine mgn labre
haec fcit; vnit enim auxili Hydrae cancer ingns, qu, dum Herculs capita abscdit, crra ius mordbat.
Postquam mnstrum tl mod interfcit, sagitts sus sanguine ius imbuit, itaque mortifers reddidit.
23. _THIRD LABOR: THE CERYNEAN STAG_
Postquam Eurysthe caeds Hydrae nntita est, mgnus timor animum ius occupvit. Iussit igitur Herculem
cervum quendam ad s referre; nluit enim virum tantae audciae in urbe retinre. Hc autem cervus, cius
cornua aurea fuisse trduntur, incrdibil fuit celeritte. Herculs igitur prm vestgis eum in silv
persequbtur; deinde ubi cervum ipsum vdit, omnibus vribus currere coepit. sque ad vesperum currbat,
neque nocturnum tempus sibi ad quitem relinqubat, frstr tamen; nll enim mod cervum cnsequ
poterat. Tandem postquam ttum annum cucurrerat (ita trditur), cervum curs exanimtum cpit, et vvum ad
Eurystheum rettulit.
24. _FOURTH LABOR: THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR_
Tum vr issus est Herculs aprum quendam capere qu ill tempore agrs Erymanthis vstbat et incols
hius reginis mgnopere terrbat. Herculs rem suscpit et in Arcadiam profectus est. Postquam in silvam
paulum prgressus est, apr occurrit. Ille autem simul atque Herculem vdit, statim refgit; et timre
perterritus in altam fossam s pricit. Herculs igitur laqueum quem attulerat inicit, et summ cum
difficultte aprum foss extrxit. Ille ets fortiter repgnbat, nll mod s lberre potuit; et ab Hercule ad
Eurystheum vvus reltus est.
25. _HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE_
D quart labre, quem supr nrrvimus, haec etiam trduntur. Herculs dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad eam
reginem vnit quam centaur incolbant. Cum nox iam appeteret, ad spluncam dvertit in qu centaurus
qudam, nmine Pholus, habitbat.
Ille Herculem bengn excpit et cnam parvit. At Herculs postquam cnvit, vnum Phol postulvit. Erat
autem in splunc mgna amphora vn optim replta, quam centaur ibi dposuerant. Pholus igitur hc
vnum dare nlbat, quod reliqus centaurs timbat; nllum tamen vnum praeter hc in splunc habbat.
"Hc vnum," inquit, "mihi commissum est. S igitur hc dab, centaur m interficient." Herculs tamen eum
inrsit, et ipse pculum vn d amphor hausit.
26. THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS Simul atque amphora aperta est, odor icundissimus undique
diffsus est; vnum enim suvissimum erat. Centaur ntum odrem snsrunt et omns ad locum
convnrunt.
Ubi ad spluncam pervnrunt, mgnopere rt erant quod Herculem bibentem vdrunt. Tum arma rapurunt
et Pholum interficere volbant. Herculs tamen in adit spluncae cnstitit et impetum erum fortissim
sustinbat. Facs rdents in es conicit; mults etiam sagitts sus vulnervit. Hae autem sagittae eaedem
erant quae sanguine Hydrae lim imbtae erant. Omns igitur qus ille sagitts vulnerverat venn statim
absmpt sunt; reliqu autem ubi hc vdrunt, terga vertrunt et fug saltem petirunt.
27. THE FATE OF PHOLUS Postquam reliqu fgrunt, Pholus ex splunc gressus est, et corpora spectbat
erum qu sagitts interfect erant. Mgnopere autem mrtus est quod tam lev vulnere exanimt erant, et
causam ius re quaerbat. Adiit igitur locum ubi cadver ciusdam centaur iacbat, et sagittam vulnere
trxit. Haec tamen sve cs sve cnsili derum manibus ius lapsa est, et pedem leviter vulnervit. Ille
extempl dolrem gravem per omnia membra snsit, et post breve tempus v venn exanimtus est. Mox
Herculs, qu reliqus centaurs sectus erat, ad spluncam rediit, et mgn cum dolre Pholum mortuum
vdit. Mults cum lacrims corpus amc ad sepultram dedit; tum, postquam alterum pculum vn exhausit,
somn s dedit.
28. _FIFTH LABOR: THE AUGEAN STABLES_
Deinde Eurystheus Hercul hunc labrem gravirem imposuit. Augs qudam, qu ill tempore rgnum in
lide obtinbat, tria mlia boum habbat. H in stabul ingentis mgnitdinis incldbantur. Stabulum autem
inluvi ac squlre erat obsitum, neque enim ad hc tempus umquam prgtum erat. Hc Herculs intr
spatium nus di prgre issus est. Ille, ets rs erat multae operae, negtium suscpit. Prmum mgn
labre fossam duodvgint pedum dxit, per quam flminis aquam d montibus ad mrum stabul perdxit.
Tum postquam mrum perrpit, aquam in stabulum immsit et tl mod contr opninem omnium opus
cnfcit.
29. _SIXTH LABOR: THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS_
Post paucs dis Herculs ad oppidum Stymphlum iter fcit; imperverat enim e Eurystheus ut avs
Stymphlids necret. Hae avs rstra anea habbant et carne hominum vscbantur. Ille postquam ad locum
pervnit, lacum vdit; in hc autem lac, qu nn procul erat ab oppid, avs habitbant. Nlla tamen dabtur
appropinquand facults; lacus enim nn ex aqu sed lm cnstitit. Herculs igitur neque pedibus neque
lintre prgred potuit.
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Ille cum mgnam partem di frstr cnsmpsisset, hc cnt dstitit et ad Volcnum s contulit, ut
auxilium ab e peteret. Volcnus (qu ab fabrs mxim colbtur) crepundia quae ipse ex aere fabrictus erat
Hercul dedit. Hs Herculs tam crem crepitum fcit ut avs perterritae volrent. Ille autem, dum volant,
mgnum numerum erum sagitts trnsfxit.
30. _SEVENTH LABOR: THE CRETAN BULL_
Tum Eurystheus Hercul impervit ut taurum quendam fercissimum ex nsul Crt vvum referret. Ille igitur
nvem cnscendit, et cum ventus idneus esset, statim solvit. Cum tamen nsulae iam appropinquret, tanta
tempests subit coorta est ut nvis cursum tenre nn posset. Tantus autem timor anims nautrum occupvit
ut paene omnem spem saltis dpnerent. Herculs tamen, ets nvigand impertus erat, haudququam territus
est.
Post breve tempus summa tranquillits cnsecta est, et nautae, qu s ex timre iam recperant, nvem
incolumem ad terram appulrunt. Herculs nv gressus est, et cum ad rgem Crtae vnisset, causam
veniend docuit. Deinde, postquam omnia parta sunt, ad eam reginem contendit quam taurus vstbat. Mox
taurum vdit, et quamquam rs erat mgn percul, cornua ius prehendit. Tum, cum ingent labre mnstrum
ad nvem trxisset, cum praed in Graeciam rediit.
31. _EIGHTH LABOR: THE MAN-EATING HORSES OF DIOMEDE_
Postquam ex nsul Crt rediit, Herculs ab Eurysthe in Thrciam missus est, ut equs Diomdis redceret.
H equ carne hominum vscbantur; Diomds autem, vir crdlissimus, ills obicibat peregrns omns qu
in eam reginem vnerant. Herculs igitur mgn celeritte in Thrciam contendit et ab Diomde postulvit ut
equ sibi trderentur. Cum tamen ille hc facere nllet, Herculs r commtus rgem interfcit et cadver ius
equs obic iussit.
Ita mra rrum commtti facta est; is enim qu ante mults cum crucit necverat ipse edem supplici
nectus est. Cum haec nntita essent, omns qu eam reginem incolbant mxim laetiti adfect sunt et
Hercul meritam grtiam referbant. Nn modo mxims honribus et praemis eum decorvrunt sed rbant
etiam ut rgnum ipse susciperet. Ille tamen hc facere nlbat, et cum ad mare rediisset, nvem occupvit.
Ubi omnia ad nvigandum parta sunt, equs in nv conlocvit; deinde, cum idneam tempesttem nactus
esset, sine mor port solvit, et paul post equs in ltus Argolicum exposuit.
32. _NINTH LABOR: THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTE_
Gns Amzonum dcitur omnn ex mulieribus cnstitisse. Hae summam scientiam re mlitris habbant, et
tantam virttem adhibbant ut cum virs proelium committere audrent. Hippolyt, Amzonum rgna,
balteum habuit celeberrimum quem Mrs e dederat. Admta autem, Eurysthe flia, fmam d hc balte
accperat et eum possidre vehementer cupibat. Eurystheus igitur Hercul mandvit ut cpis cgeret et
bellum Amzonibus nferret. Ille nntis in omns parts dmsit, et cum mgna multitd convnisset, es
dlgit qu mximum sum in r mlitr habbant.
33. THE GIRDLE IS REFUSED Hs virs Herculs persusit, postquam causam itineris exposuit, ut scum iter
facerent. Tum cum is quibus persuserat nvem cnscendit, et cum ventus idneus esset, post paucs dis ad
stium flminis Thermdontis appulit. Postquam in fns Amzonum vnit, nntium ad Hippolytam msit, qu
causam veniend docret et balteum psceret. Ipsa Hippolyt balteum trdere volbat, quod d Herculis virtte
fmam accperat; reliquae tamen Amzons e persusrunt ut negret. At Herculs, cum haec nntita essent,
bell fortnam temptre cnstituit.
Proxim igitur di cum cpis dxisset, locum idneum dlgit et hosts ad pgnam vocvit. Amzons
quoque cpis sus ex castrs dxrunt et nn mgn intervll ab Hercule aciem nstrxrunt.
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34. THE BATTLE Pals erat nn mgna inter duo exercits; neutr tamen initium trnseund facere volbant.
Tandem Herculs sgnum dedit, et ubi paldem trnsiit, proelium commsit.
Amzons impetum virrum fortissim sustinurunt, et contr opninem omnium tantam virttem
praestitrunt ut mults erum occderint, mults etiam in fugam conicerint. Vir enim nov genere pgnae
perturbbantur nec mgnam virttem praestbant. Herculs autem cum haec vidret, d sus fortns dsprre
coepit. Mlits igitur vehementer cohorttus est ut prstinae virttis memoriam retinrent neu tantum ddecus
admitterent, hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinrent; quibus verbs anims omnium ita rxit ut mult etiam
qu vulneribus cnfect essent proelium sine mor redintegrrent.
35. THE DEFEAT OF THE AMAZONS Di et criter pgntum est; tandem tamen ad slis occsum tanta
commtti rrum facta est ut muliers terga verterent et fug saltem peterent. Multae autem vulneribus
dfessae dum fugiunt captae sunt, in qu numer ipsa erat Hippolyt. Herculs summam clmentiam
praestitit, et postquam balteum accpit, lberttem omnibus captvs dedit. Tum vr socis ad mare redxit, et
quod nn multum aesttis supererat, in Graeciam proficsc mtrvit. Nvem igitur cnscendit, et
tempesttem idneam nactus statim solvit; antequam tamen in Graeciam pervnit, ad urbem Triam nvem
appellere cnstituit, frmentum enim quod scum habbat iam dficere coeperat.
36. _LAOMEDON AND THE SEA-MONSTER_
Lomedn qudam ill tempore rgnum Triae obtinbat. Ad hunc Neptnus et Apoll ann superire
vnerant, et cum Tria nndum moenia habret, ad hc opus auxilium obtulerant. Postquam tamen hrum
auxili moenia cnfecta sunt, nlbat Lomedn praemium quod prposuerat persolvere.
Neptnus igitur et Apoll ob hanc causam rt mnstrum quoddam msrunt speci horribil, quod cottdi
mar venibat et homines pecudsque vorbat. Trin autem timre perterrit in urbe continbantur, et pecora
omnia ex agrs intr mrs compulerant. Lomedn hs rbus commtus rculum cnsuluit, ac deus e
praecpit ut filiam Hsionem mnstr obiceret.
37. THE RESCUE OF HESIONE Lomedn, cum hc respnsum renntitum esset, mgnum dolrem
percpit; sed tamen, ut cvs sus tant percul lberret, rcul prre cnstituit et diem sacrifici dxit. Sed
sve cs sve cnsili derum Herculs tempore opportnissim Triam attigit; ips enim temporis punct
qu puella catns vincta ad ltus ddcbtur ille nvem appulit. Herculs nv gressus d rbus quae
gerbantur certior factus est; tum r commtus ad rgem s contulit et auxilium suum obtulit. Cum rx
libenter e concessisset ut, s posset, puellam lberret, Herculs mnstrum interfcit; et puellam, quae iam
omnem spem saltis dposuerat, incolumem ad patrem redxit. Lomedn mgn cum gaudi fliam suam
accpit, et Hercul pr tant benefici meritam grtiam rettulit.
38. _TENTH LABOR: THE OXEN OF GERYON_
Tum vr missus est Herculs ad nsulam Erytham, ut bovs Gryonis arcesseret. Rs erat summae
difficulttis, quod bovs qudam Eurytine et cane bicipite custdibantur. Ipse autem Gryn speciem
horribilem praebbat; tria enim corpora inter s conincta habbat. Herculs tamen ets intellegbat quantum
perculum esset, negtium suscpit; ac postquam per mults terrs iter fcit, ad eam partem Libyae pervnit
quae Eurpae proxima est. Ibi in utrque ltore fret quod Eurpam Liby dvidit columns cnstituit, quae
poste Herculis Columnae appellbantur.
39. THE GOLDEN SHIP Dum hc mortur, Herculs mgnum incommodum ex calre slis accipibat;
tandem igitur r commtus arcum suum intendit et slem sagitts petiit. Sl tamen audciam vir tantum
admrtus est ut lintrem auream e dederit. Herculs hc dnum libentissim accpit, nllam enim nvem in
hs reginibus invenre potuerat. Tum lintrem ddxit, et ventum nactus idneum post breve tempus ad
nsulam pervnit. Ubi ex incols cgnvit qu in loc bovs essent, in eam partem statim profectus est et
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rge Gryone postulvit ut bovs sibi trderentur. Cum tamen ille hc facere nllet, Herculs et rgem ipsum
et Eurytinem, qu erat ingent mgnitdine corporis, interfcit.
40. _A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM_
Tum Herculs bovs per Hispniam et Liguriam compellere cnstituit; postquam igitur omnia parta sunt,
bovs ex nsul ad continentem trnsportvit. Ligurs autem, gns bellicsissima, dum ille per fns erum iter
facit, mgns cpis cogrunt atque eum longius prgred prohibbant. Herculs mgnam difficulttem
habbat, barbar enim in locs superiribus cnstiterant et saxa tlaque in eum conicibant. Ille quidem paene
omnem spem saltis dposuerat, sed tempore opportnissim Iuppiter imbrem lapidum ingentium cael
dmsit. H tant v cecidrunt ut mgnum numerum Ligurum occderint; ipse tamen Herculs (ut in tlibus
rbus accidere cnsuvit) nihil incommod cpit.
41. THE PASSAGE OF THE ALPS Postquam Ligurs hc mod supert sunt, Herculs quam celerrim
prgressus est et post paucs dis ad Alps pervnit. Necesse erat hs trnsre, ut in taliam bovs ageret; rs
tamen summae erat difficulttis. H enim monts, qu lterirem citerire Galli dvidunt, nive perenn sunt
tct; quam ob causam neque frmentum neque pbulum in hs reginibus invenr potest. Herculs igitur
antequam ascendere coepit, mgnam cpiam frment et pbul comparvit et hc commet bovs onervit.
Postquam in hs rbus trs dis cnsmpserat, quart di profectus est, et contr omnium opninem bovs
incolums in taliam trdxit.
42. CACUS STEALS THE OXEN Brev tempore ad flmen Tiberim vnit. Tum tamen nlla erat urbs in e
loc, Rma enim nndum condita erat. Herculs itinere fessus cnstituit ibi paucs dis morr, ut s ex
labribus recreret. Haud procul valle ubi bovs pscbantur splunca erat, in qu Ccus, horribile
mnstrum, tum habitbat. Hc speciem terribilem praebbat, nn modo quod ingent mgnitdine corporis
erat, sed quod gnem ex re exsprbat. Ccus autem d advent Herculis fmam accperat; noct igitur vnit,
et dum Herculs dormit, quattuor pulcherrimrum boum abripuit. Hs cauds in spluncam trxit, n Herculs
vestgis cgnscere posset qu in loc clt essent.
43. HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT Poster di simul atque somn excittus est, Herculs frtum
animadvertit et bovs misss omnibus locs quaerbat. Hs tamen nsquam reperre poterat, nn modo quod
loc ntram gnrbat, sed quod vestgis falss dceptus est. Tandem cum mgnam partem di frstr
cnsmpsisset, cum reliqus bbus prgred cnstituit. At dum proficsc parat, nus bbus qus scum
habuit mgre coepit. Subit i qu in splunc incls erant mgtum reddidrunt, et hc mod Herculem
certirem fcrunt qu in loc clt essent. Ille vehementer rtus ad spluncam quam celerrim s contulit,
ut praedam reciperet. At Ccus saxum ingns ita dicerat ut aditus spluncae omnn obstruertur.
44. HERCULES AND CACUS Herculs cum nllum alium introitum reperre posset, hc saxum movre
cntus est, sed propter ius mgnitdinem rs erat difficillima. Di frstr labrbat neque quicquam efficere
poterat; tandem tamen mgn cnt saxum mvit et spluncam patefcit. Ibi misss bovs mgn cum
gaudi cnspxit; sed Ccum ipsum vix cernere potuit, quod splunca replta erat fm quem ille mre su
vombat. Herculs insitt speci turbtus breve tempus haesitbat; mox tamen in spluncam inrpit et
collum mnstr bracchis complexus est. Ille ets multum repgnvit, nll mod s lberre potuit, et cum
nlla facults resprand dartur, mox exanimtus est.
45. _ELEVENTH LABOR: THE GOLDEN APPLES OF THE HESPERIDES_
Eurystheus postquam bovs Gryonis accpit, labrem ndecimum Hercul imposuit, gravirem quam qus
supr nrrvimus. Mandvit enim e ut aurea pma ex hort Hesperidum auferret. Hesperids autem nymphae
erant quaedam frm praestantissim, quae in terr longinqu habitbant, et quibus aurea quaedam pma
Inne commissa erant. Mult homins aur cupiditte induct haec pma auferre iam ante cnt erant. Rs
tamen difficillima erat, namque hortus in qu pma erant mr ingent undique circumdatus erat; praetere
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drac qudam cui centum erant capita portam hort dligenter custdibat. Opus igitur quod Eurystheus
Hercul imperverat erat summae difficulttis, nn modo ob causs qus memorvimus, sed etiam quod
Herculs omnn gnrbat qu in loc hortus ille situs esset.
46. HERCULES ASKS AID OF ATLAS Herculs quamquam quitem vehementer cupibat, tamen Eurysthe
prre cnstituit, et simul ac issa ius accpit, proficsc mtrvit. mults merctribus quaesverat qu in
loc Hesperids habitrent, nihil tamen certum reperre potuerat. Frstr per mults terrs iter fcit et multa
percula subiit; tandem, cum in hs itineribus ttum annum cnsmpsisset, ad extrmam partem orbis
terrrum, quae proxima est cean, pervnit. Hc stbat vir qudam, nomine Atls, ingent mgnitdine
corporis, qu caelum (ita trditum est) umers sus sustinbat, n in terram dcideret. Herculs tants vrs
mgnopere mrtus statim in conloquium cum Atlante vnit, et cum causam itineris docuisset, auxilium ab e
petiit.
47. HERCULES BEARS UP THE HEAVENS Atls autem Hercul mxim prdesse potuit; ille enim cum ipse
esset pater Hesperidum, cert scvit qu in loc esset hortus. Postquam igitur audvit quam ob causam
Herculs vnisset, "Ipse," inquit, "ad hortum b et flibus mes persudb ut pma su sponte trdant."
Herculs cum haec audret, mgnopere gvsus est; vim enim adhibre nluit, s rs aliter fier posset.
Cnstituit igitur obltum auxilium accipere. Atls tamen postulvit ut, dum ipse abesset, Herculs caelum
umers sustinret. Hc autem negtium Herculs libenter suscpit, et quamquam rs erat summ labris, ttum
pondus cael continus complrs dis slus sustinbat.
48. THE RETURN OF ATLAS Atls intere abierat et ad hortum Hesperidum, qu pauca mlia passuum aberat,
s quam celerrim contulerat. E cum vnisset, causam veniend exposuit et flis sus vehementer horttus
est ut pma trderent. Illae di haerbant; nlbant enim hc facere, quod ab ips Inne (ita ut ante dictum
est) hc mnus accpissent. Atls tamen aliquand is persusit ut sibi prrent, et pma ad Herculem rettulit.
Herculs intere cum plrs dis exspectvisset neque llam fmam d redit Atlantis accpisset, hc mor
graviter commtus est. Tandem qunt di Atlantem vdit redeuntem, et mox mgn cum gaudi pma
accpit; tum, postquam grtis pr tant benefici git, ad Graeciam proficsc mtrvit.
49. _TWELFTH LABOR: CERBERUS THE THREE-HEADED DOG_
Postquam aurea pma ad Eurystheum relta sunt, nus modo relinqubtur duodecim labribus qus Pthia
Hercul praecperat. Eurystheus autem cum Herculem mgnopere timret, eum in aliquem locum mittere
volbat unde numquam redre posset. Negtium igitur e dedit ut canem Cerberum ex Orc in lcem traheret.
Hc opus omnium difficillimum erat, nm enim umquam ex Orc redierat. Praetere Cerberus iste mnstrum
erat horribil speci, cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevs cincta. Antequam tamen d hc labre nrrmus,
nn alinum vidtur, quoniam d Orc mentinem fcimus, pauca d e regine prpnere.
50. _CHARON'S FERRY_
D Orc, qu dem Hds appellbtur, haec trduntur. Ut quisque d vt dcesserat, mns ius ad Orcum,
sdem morturum, de Mercuri ddcbantur. Hius reginis, quae sub terr fuisse dcitur, rx erat Plt,
cui uxor erat Prserpina, Iovis et Cereris flia. Mns igitur Mercuri dduct prmum ad rpam venibant
Stygis flminis, qu rgnum Pltnis contintur. Hc trnsre necesse erat antequam in Orcum venre possent.
Cum tamen in hc flmine nllus pns factus esset, mns trnsvehbantur Charonte qudam, qu cum
parv scaph ad rpam exspectbat. Charn pr hc offici mercdem postulbat, neque quemquam, nisi hc
praemium prius dedisset, trnsvehere volbat. Quam ob causam ms erat apud antqus nummum in re
mortu pnere e cnsili, ut cum ad Stygem vnisset, pretium triects solvere posset. I autem qu post
mortem in terr nn sepult erant Stygem trnsre nn poturunt, sed in rp per centum anns errre coct
sunt; tum dmum Orcum intrre licuit.
51. THE REALM OF PLUTO Ut autem mns Stygem hc mod trnsierant, ad alterum venibant flmen,
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quod Lth appellbtur. Ex hc flmine aquam bibere cgbantur; quod cum fcissent, rs omns in vt
gests memori dpnbant. Dnique ad sdem ipsus Pltnis venibant, cius introitus cane Cerber
custdibtur. Ibi Plt nigr vestt indtus cum uxre Prserpin in soli sedbat. Stbant etiam nn procul
ab e loc tria alia solia, in quibus sedbant Mns, Rhadamanthus, Aeacusque, idics apud nfers. H
mortus is dcbant et praemia poensque cnstitubant. Bon enim in Camps lysis, sdem betrum,
venibant; improb autem in Tartarum mittbantur ac mults et varis supplicis ibi excrucibantur.
52. HERCULES CROSSES THE STYX Herculs postquam imperia Eurysthe accpit, in Lacniam ad
Taenarum statim s contulit; ibi enim splunca erat ingent mgnitdine, per quam, ut trdbtur, homins ad
Orcum dscendbant. E cum vnisset, ex incols quaesvit qu in loc splunca illa sita esset; quod cum
cgnvisset, sine mor dscendere cnstituit. Nec tamen slus hc iter facibat, Mercurius enim et Minerva s
e socis adinxerant. Ubi ad rpam Stygis vnit, Herculs scapham Charontis cnscendit, ut ad lterirem
rpam trnsret. Cum tamen Herculs vir esset ingent mgnitdine corporis, Charn solvere nlbat;
mgnopere enim verbtur n scapha sua tant pondere onerta in medi flmine mergertur. Tandem tamen
mins Herculis territus Charn scapham solvit, et eum incolumem ad lterirem rpam perdxit.
53. THE LAST LABOR IS ACCOMPLISHED Postquam flmen Stygem hc mod trnsiit, Herculs in sdem
ipsus Pltnis vnit; et postquam causam veniend docuit, ab e petvit ut Cerberum auferre sibi licret.
Plt, qu d Hercule fmam accperat, eum bengn excpit, et faculttem quam ille petbat libenter dedit.
Postulvit tamen ut Herculs ipse, cum imperta Eurysthe fcisset, Cerberum in Orcum rrsus redceret.
Herculs hc pollicitus est, et Cerberum, quem nn sine mgn percul manibus prehenderat, summ cum
labre ex Orc in lcem et ad urbem Eurysthe trxit. E cum vnisset, tantus timor animum Eurysthe
occupvit ut ex tri statim refgerit; cum autem paulum s ex timre recpisset, mults cum lacrims
obsecrvit Herculem ut mnstrum sine mor in Orcum redceret. Sc contr omnium opninem duodecim ill
labrs qus Pthia praecperat intr duodecim anns cnfect sunt; quae cum ita essent, Herculs servitte
tandem lbertus mgn cum gaudi Thbs rediit.
54. THE CENTAUR NESSUS Poste Herculs multa alia praeclra perfcit, quae nunc perscrbere longum est.
Tandem iam aette prvectus Dianram, Oene fliam, in mtrimnium dxit; post tamen trs anns accidit ut
puerum quendam, cui nmen erat Eunomus, cs occderit. Cum autem ms esset ut s quis hominem cs
occdisset, in exsilium ret, Herculs cum uxre su fnibus ius cvittis exre mtrvit. Dum tamen iter
faciunt, ad flmen quoddam pervnrunt in qu nllus pns erat; et dum quaerunt qunam mod flmen
trnseant, accurrit centaurus Nessus, qu vitribus auxilium obtulit. Herculs igitur uxrem suam in tergum
Ness imposuit; tum ipse flmen trnvit. Nessus autem paulum in aquam prgressus ad rpam subit
revertbtur et Dianram auferre cnbtur. Quod cum animadvertisset Herculs, r graviter commtus
arcum intendit et pectus Ness sagitt trnsfxit.
55. THE POISONED ROBE Nessus igitur sagitt Herculis trnsfxus morins hum iacbat; at n occsinem
su ulcscend dmitteret, ita loctus est: "T, Dianra, verba morientis aud. S amrem mart tu cnservre
vs, hunc sanguinem qu nunc pectore me effunditur sme ac repne; tum, s umquam in suspcinem tibi
vnerit, vestem mart hc sanguine nficis." Haec loctus Nessus animam efflvit; Dianra autem nihil mal
suspicta imperta fcit. Paul post Herculs bellum contr Eurytum, rgem Oechaliae, suscpit; et cum
rgem ipsum cum flis interfcisset, Ioln ius fliam captvam scum redxit. Antequam tamen domum
vnit, nvem ad Cnaeum prmunturium appulit, et in terram gressus ram cnstituit, ut Iov sacrificret.
Dum tamen sacrificium parat, Licham comitem suum domum msit, qu vestem albam referret; ms enim erat
apud antqus, dum sacrificia facerent, albam vestem gerere. At Dianra verita n Herculs amrem erg
Ioln habret, vestem priusquam Lichae dedit, sanguine Ness nfcit.
[Illustration: HERCULES, NESSUS, AND DEJANIRA]
56. THE DEATH OF HERCULES Herculs nihil mal suspicns vestem quam Lichs attulerat statim induit;
paul post tamen dolrem per omnia membra snsit, et quae causa esset ius re mgnopere mirbtur. Dolre
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paene exanimtus vestem dtrahere cntus est; illa tamen in corpore haesit, neque ll mod abscind potuit.
Tum dmum Herculs quasi furre impulsus in montem Octam s contulit, et in rogum, quem summ
celeritte exstrxit, s imposuit. Hc cum fcisset, es qu circumstbant rvit ut rogum quam celerrim
succenderent. Omns di recsbant; tandem tamen pstor qudam ad misericordiam inductus gnem subdidit.
Tum, dum omnia fm obscrantur, Herculs dns nbe vltus Iove in Olympum abreptus est.
THE ARGONAUTS
_The celebrated voyage of the Argonauts was brought about in this way. Pelias had expelled his brother
Aeson from his kingdom in Thessaly, and had determined to take the life of Jason, the son of Aeson. Jason,
however, escaped and grew up to manhood in another country. At last he returned to Thessaly; and Pelias,
fearing that he might attempt to recover the kingdom, sent him to fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis,
supposing this to be an impossible feat. Jason with a band of heroes set sail in the ship Argo (called after
Argus, its builder), and after many adventures reached Colchis. Here Aetes, king of Colchis, who was
unwilling to give up the Fleece, set Jason to perform what seemed an impossible task, namely to plough a
field with certain fire-breathing oxen, and then to sow it with dragon's teeth. Meda, however, the daughter of
the king, assisted Jason by her skill in magic, first to perform the task appointed, and then to procure the
Fleece. She then fled with Jason, and to delay the pursuit of her father, sacrificed her brother Absyrtus. After
reaching Thessaly, Meda caused the death of Pelias and was expelled from the country with her husband.
They removed to Corinth, and here Meda becoming jealous of Glauce, daughter of Creon, caused her death
by means of a poisoned robe. She was afterward carried off in a chariot sent by the sun-god, and a little later
Jason was accidentally killed_.
57. THE WICKED UNCLE Erant lim in Thessali duo frtrs, qurum alter Aesn, Pelis alter appellbtur.
Aesn prm rgnum obtinuerat; at post paucs anns Pelis rgn cupiditte adductus nn modo frtrem
suum expulit, sed etiam in anim habbat Isonem, Aesonis flium, interficere. Qudam tamen ex amcs
Aesonis, ubi sententiam Peliae cgnvrunt, puerum tant percul ripere cnstiturunt. Noct igitur
Isonem ex urbe abstulrunt, et cum poster di ad rgem rediissent, e renntivrunt puerum mortuum esse.
Pelis cum hc audvisset, ets r vr mgnum gaudium percipibat, speciem tamen dolris praebuit et quae
causa esset mortis quaesvit. Ill autem cum bene intellegerent dolrem ius falsum esse, nesci quam fbulam
d morte puer finxrunt.
58. A FATEFUL ACCIDENT Post breve tempus Pelis, veritus n rgnum suum tant v et fraude occuptum
mitteret, amcum quendam Delphs msit, qu rculum cnsuleret. Ille igitur quam celerrim Delphs s
contulit et quam ob causam vnisset dmnstrvit. Respondit rculum nllum esse in praesenti perculum;
monuit tamen Peliam ut s quis num calceum gerns venret, eum cavret. Post paucs anns accidit ut Pelis
mgnum sacrificium factrus esset; nntis in omns parts dmserat et certam diem conveniend dxerat. Di
cnstitt mgnus hominum numerus undique ex agrs convnit; in hs autem vnit etiam Isn, qu pueriti
apud centaurum quendam habitverat. Dum tamen iter facit, num calces in trnseund nesci qu flmine
msit.
59. THE GOLDEN FLEECE Isn igitur cum calceum missum nll mod recipere posset, n pede nd in
rgiam pervnit. Quem cum Pelis vdisset, subit timre adfectus est; intellxit enim hunc esse hominem
quem rculum dmnstrvisset. Hc igitur cnsilium iniit. Rx erat qudam Aets, qu rgnum Colchidis
ill tempore obtinbat. Huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum quod Phrixus lim ibi relquerat. Cnstituit
igitur Pelis Ison negtium dare ut hc vellere potrtur; cum enim rs esset mgn percul, eum in itinere
peritrum esse sprbat. Isonem igitur ad s arcessvit, et eum cohorttus quid fier vellet docuit. Ille ets
intellegbat rem esse difficillimam, negtium libenter suscpit.
60. THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO Cum tamen Colchis multrum dirum iter ab e loc
abesset, slus Isn proficsc nluit. Dmsit igitur nntis in omns parts, qu causam itineris docrent et
diem certam conveniend dcerent. Intere, postquam omnia quae sunt su ad armands nvs comportr
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iussit, negtium dedit Arg cuidam, qu summam scientiam nauticrum rrum habbat, ut nvem aedificret.
In hs rbus circiter decem dis cnsmpt sunt; Argus enim, qu oper praeerat, tantam dligentiam adhibbat
ut n nocturnum quidem tempus ad labrem intermitteret. Ad multitdinem hominum trnsportandam nvis
paul erat ltior quam quibus in nostr mar t cnsuvimus, et ad vim tempesttum perferendam tta
rbore facta est.
61. THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED Intere is dis appetbat quem Isn per nntis dxerat, et ex omnibus
reginibus Graeciae mult, qus aut re novits aut sps glriae movbat, undique convenibant. Trditum est
autem in hc numer fuisse Herculem, d qu supr multa perscrpsimus, Orpheum, citharoedum
praeclrissimum, Thseum, Castorem, multsque alis quorum nmina sunt ntissima. Ex hs Isn qus
arbitrtus est ad omnia percula subeunda partissims esse, es ad numerum qunqugint dlgit et socis
sibi adinxit; tum paucs dis commortus, ut ad omns css subsidia comparret, nvem ddxit, et
tempesttem ad nvigandum idneam nactus mgn cum plaus omnium solvit.
62. A FATAL MISTAKE Haud mult post Argonautae (ita enim appellbantur qu in ist nv vehbantur)
nsulam quandam, nmine Cyzicum, attigrunt; et nv gress rge illus reginis hospiti except sunt.
Paucs hrs ibi commort ad slis occsum rrsus solvrunt; sed postquam pauca mlia passuum prgress
sunt, tanta tempests subit coorta est ut cursum tenre nn possent, et in eandem partem nsulae unde nper
profect erant mgn cum percul dicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset obscra, Argonauts nn
gnscbant, et nvem inimcam vnisse arbitrt arma rapurunt et es gred prohibbant. criter in ltore
pgntum est, et rx ipse, qu cum alis dcucurrerat, ab Argonauts occsus est. Mox tamen, cum iam
dlcsceret, snsrunt incolae s errre et arma abicrunt; Argonautae autem cum rgem occsum esse
vidrent, mgnum dolrem percprunt.
63. THE LOSS OF HYLAS Postrdi ius di Isn tempesttem satis idneam esse arbitrtus (summa enim
tranquillits iam cnsecta erat), ancors sustulit, et pauca mlia passuum prgressus ante noctem Msiam
attigit. Ibi paucs hrs in ancors exspectvit; nauts enim cgnverat aquae cpiam quam scum habrent
iam dficere, quam ob causam qudam ex Argonauts in terram gress aquam quaerbant. Hrum in numer
erat Hyls qudam, puer frm praestantissim. Qu dum fontem quaerit, comitibus paulum scesserat.
Nymphae autem quae fontem colbant, cum iuvenem vdissent, e persudre cntae sunt ut scum manret;
et cum ille negret s hc factrum esse, puerum v abstulrunt.
Comits ius postquam Hylam missum esse snsrunt, mgn dolre adfect di frstr quaerbant. Herculs
autem et Polyphmus, qu vestgia puer longius sect erant, ubi tandem ad ltus redirunt, Isonem solvisse
cgnvrunt.
64. DIFFICULT DINING Post haec Argonautae ad Thrciam cursum tenurunt, et postquam ad oppidum
Salmydssum nvem appulrunt, in terram gress sunt. Ibi cum ab incols quaesssent quis rgnum ius
reginis obtinret, certirs fact sunt Phneum quendam tum rgem esse. Cgnvrunt etiam hunc caecum
esse et dr qudam supplici adfic, quod lim s crdlissimum in flis sus praebuisset. Cius supplic
hc erat genus. Missa erant Iove mnstra quaedam speci horribil, quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum
habbant. Hae volucrs, quae Harpiae appellbantur, Phne summam molestiam adferbant; quotins enim
ille accubuerat, venibant et cibum appositum statim auferbant. Qu factum est ut haud multum abesset qun
Phneus fam morertur.
65. THE DELIVERANCE OF PHINEUS Rs igitur male s habbat cum Argonautae nvem appulrunt.
Phneus autem simul atque audvit es in sus fns gresss esse, mgnopere gvsus est. Scibat enim
quantam opninem virttis Argonautae habrent, nec dubitbat qun sibi auxilium ferrent. Nntium igitur ad
nvem msit, qu Isonem socisque ad rgiam vocret. E cum vnissent, Phneus dmnstrvit quant in
percul suae rs essent, et prmsit s mgna praemia datrum esse, s ill remedium repperissent. Argonautae
negtium libenter suscprunt, et ubi hra vnit, cum rge accuburunt; at simul ac cna apposita est,
Harpiae cnculum intrvrunt et cibum auferre cnbantur. Argonautae prmum gladis volucrs petirunt;
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cum tamen vidrent hc nihil prdesse, Zts et Calais, qu ls erant nstrct, in era s sublevvrunt, ut
dsuper impetum facerent. Quod cum snsissent Harpiae, re novitte perterritae statim aufgrunt, neque
poste umquam redirunt.
66. THE SYMPLEGADES Hc fact Phneus, ut pr tant benefici meritam grtiam referret, Ison
dmnstrvit qu ratine Symplgads vtre posset. Symplgads autem duae erant rps ingent
mgnitdine, quae Iove positae erant e cnsili, n quis ad Colchida pervenret. Hae parv intervll in
mar natbant, et s quid in medium spatium vnerat, incrdibil celeritte concurrbant. Postquam igitur
Phne doctus est quid faciendum esset, Isn sublts ancors nvem solvit, et ln vent prvectus mox ad
Symplgads appropinquvit. Tum in prr stns columbam quam in man tenbat msit. Illa rct vi per
medium spatium volvit, et priusquam rps cnflxrunt, incolumis vsit caud tantum miss. Tum rps
utrimque discessrunt; antequam tamen rrsus concurrerent, Argonautae, bene intellegents omnem spem
saltis in celeritte positam esse, summ v rms contendrunt et nvem incolumem perdxrunt. Hc fact
ds grtis mxims grunt, qurum auxili tant percul rept essent; omns enim scibant nn sine
auxili derum rem tam flciter vnisse.
67. A HEAVY TASK Brev intermiss spati Argonautae ad flmen Phsim vnrunt, quod in fnibus
Colchrum erat. Ibi cum nvem appulissent et in terram gress essent, statim ad rgem Aetem s contulrunt
et ab e postulvrunt ut vellus aureum sibi trdertur. Ille cum audvisset quam ob causam Argonautae
vnissent, r commtus est et di negbat s vellus trditrum esse. Tandem tamen, quod scibat Isonem
nn sine auxili derum hc negtium suscpisse, mtt sententi prmsit s vellus trditrum, s Isn
labrs dus difficillims prius perfcisset; et cum Isn dxisset s ad omnia percula subeunda partum esse,
quid fier vellet ostendit. Prmum iungend erant duo taur speci horribil, qu flamms ex re dbant; tum
hs incts ager qudam arandus erat et dents dracnis serend. Hs audts Isn ets rem esse summ percul
intellegbat, tamen, n hanc occsinem re bene gerendae mitteret, negtium suscpit.
68. THE MAGIC OINTMENT Mda, rgis flia, Isonem adamvit, et ubi audvit eum tantum perculum
subitrum esse, rem aegr ferbat. Intellegbat enim patrem suum hunc labrem prposuisse e ips cnsili,
ut Isn morertur. Quae cum ita essent, Mda, quae summam scientiam medicnae habbat, hc cnsilium
iniit. Medi nocte nsciente patre ex urbe vsit, et postquam in monts fnitims vnit, herbs qusdam
carpsit; tum sc express unguentum parvit quod v su corpus aleret nervsque cnfrmret. Hc fact
Ison unguentum dedit; praecpit autem ut e di qu ist labrs cnficiend essent corpus suum et arma
mne oblineret. Isn ets paene omnibus hominibus mgnitdine et vribus corporis antecellbat (vta enim
omnis in vntinibus atque in studi re mlitris cnsmbtur), tamen hc cnsilium nn neglegendum esse
cnsbat.
69. _THE SOWING OF THE DRAGON'S TEETH_
Ubi is dis vnit quem rx ad arandum agrum dxerat, Isn ort lce cum socis ad locum cnstittum s
contulit. Ibi stabulum ingns repperit, in qu taur erant incls; tum ports aperts taurs in lcem trxit, et
summ cum difficultte iugum imposuit. At Aets cum vidret taurs nihil contr Isonem valre,
mgnopere mrtus est; nescibat enim fliam suam auxilium e dedisse. Tum Isn omnibus aspicientibus
agrum arre coepit, qu in r tantam dligentiam praebuit ut ante merdiem ttum opus cnfcerit. Hc fact
ad locum ubi rx sedbat adiit et dents dracnis postulvit; qus ubi accpit, in agrum quem arverat mgn
cum dligenti sparsit. Hrum autem dentium ntra erat tlis ut in e loc ubi sments factae essent vir
armt mr qudam mod ggnerentur.
70. A STRANGE CROP Nndum tamen Isn ttum opus cnfcerat; imperverat enim e Aets ut armts
virs qu dentibus ggnerentur slus interficeret. Postquam igitur omns dents in agrum sparsit, Isn
lassitdine exanimtus quit s trdidit, dum vir ist ggnerentur. Paucs hrs dormibat, sub vesperum
tamen somn subit excittus rem ita vnisse ut praedictum esset cgnvit; nam in omnibus agr partibus
vir ingent mgnitdine corporis gladis galesque armt mrum in modum terr oribantur. Hc cgnit
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Isn cnsilium quod dedisset Mda nn omittendum esse putbat. Saxum igitur ingns (ita enim Mda
praecperat) in medis virs conicit. Ill undique ad locum concurrrunt, et cum quisque sibi id saxum nesci
cr habre vellet, mgna contrversia orta est. Mox stricts gladis inter s pgnre coeprunt, et cum hc
mod plrim occs essent, reliqu vulneribus cnfect Isone nll negti interfect sunt.
71. THE FLIGHT OF MEDEA Rx Aets ubi Isonem labrem prpositum cnfcisse cgnvit, r graviter
commtus est; id enim per dolum factum esse intellegbat; nec dubitbat qun Mda e auxilium tulisset.
Mda autem cum intellegeret s in mgn fore percul s in rgi manret, fug saltem petere cnstituit.
Omnibus rbus igitur ad fugam parts medi nocte nsciente patre cum frtre Absyrt vsit, et quam
celerrim ad locum ubi Arg subducta erat s contulit. E cum vnisset, ad peds Isonis s pricit, et mults
cum lacrims eum obsecrvit n in tant discrmine mulierem dsereret quae e tantum prfuisset. Ille quod
memori tenbat s per ius auxilium mgn percul vsisse, libenter eam excpit, et postquam causam
veniend audvit, horttus est n patris ram timret. Prmsit autem s quam prmum eam in nv su
vectrum.
72. THE SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE Postrdi ius di Isn cum socis sus ort lce nvem ddxit, et
tempesttem idneam nact ad eum locum rms contendrunt, qu in loc Mda vellus cltum esse
dmnstrbat. Cum e vnissent, Isn in terram gressus est, et socis ad mare relicts, qu praesidi nv
essent, ipse cum Md in silvs s contulit. Pauca mlia passuum per silvam prgressus vellus quod
quaerbat ex arbore suspnsum vdit. Id tamen auferre erat summae difficulttis; nn modo enim locus ipse
gregi et ntr et arte erat mntus, sed etiam drac qudam speci terribil arborem custdibat. Tum
Mda, quae, ut supr dmnstrvimus, medicnae summam scientiam habuit, rmum quem d arbore
proxim dripuerat venn nfcit. Hc fact ad locum appropinquvit, et dracnem, qu faucibus aperts ius
adventum exspectbat, venn sparsit; deinde, dum drac somn oppressus dormit, Isn vellus aureum d
arbore dripuit et cum Md quam celerrim pedem rettulit.
73. THE RETURN TO THE ARGO Dum autem ea geruntur, Argonautae, qu ad mare relict erant, nxi
anim reditum Isonis exspectbant; id enim negtium summ esse percul intellegbant. Postquam igitur ad
occsum slis frstr exspectvrunt, d ius salte dsprre coeprunt, nec dubitbant qun aliqu csus
accidisset. Quae cum ita essent, mtrandum sibi cnsurunt, ut duc auxilium ferrent; sed dum proficsc
parant, lmen quoddam subit cnspiciunt mrum in modum intr silvs refulgns, et mgnopere mrt quae
causa esset ius re ad locum concurrunt. Qu cum vnissent, Ison et Mdae advenientibus occurrrunt, et
vellus aureum lminis ius causam esse cgnvrunt. Omn timre sublt mgn cum gaudi ducem suum
excprunt, et ds grtis mxims grunt quod rs tam flciter vnisset.
74. THE PURSUIT Hs rbus gests omns sine mor nvem rrsus cnscendrunt, et sublts ancors prm
vigili solvrunt; neque enim satis ttum esse arbitrt sunt in e loc manre. At rx Aets, qu iam ante
inimc in es fuerat anim, ubi cgnvit fliam suam nn modo ad Argonauts s recpisse sed etiam ad
vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse, hc dolre gravius exrsit. Nvem longam quam celerrim ddc iussit,
et mlitibus imposits fugients nsectus est. Argonautae, qu rem in discrmine esse bene scibant, omnibus
vribus rms contendbant; cum tamen nvis qu vehbantur ingent esset mgnitdine, nn edem celeritte
qu Colch prgred poterant. Qu factum est ut minimum abesset qun Colchs sequentibus caperentur,
neque enim longius intererat quam qu tlum adic posset. At Mda cum vdisset qu in loc rs essent,
paene omn sp dposit nfandum hc cnsilium cpit.
75. A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT Erat in nv Argonautrum flius qudam rgis Aetae, nmine Absyrtus,
quem, ut supr dmnstrvimus, Mda ex urbe fugins scum abdxerat. Hunc puerum Mda interficere
cnstituit e cnsili, ut membrs ius in mare coniects cursum Colchrum impedret; cert enim scibat
Aetem, cum membra fl vdisset, nn longius prsectrum esse. Neque opni Mdam fefellit, omnia
enim ita vnrunt ut sprverat. Aets ubi prmum membra vdit, ad ea conligenda nvem tenr iussit. Dum
tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae nn intermiss rmigand labre mox cnspect hostium auferbantur, neque
prius fugere dstitrunt quam ad flmen ridanum pervnrunt. Aets nihil sibi prfutrum esse arbitrtus s
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longius prgressus esset, anim dmiss domum revertit, ut fl corpus ad sepultram daret.
76. THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS Tandem post multa percula Isn in eundem locum pervnit unde
profectus erat. Tum nv gressus ad rgem Peliam, qu rgnum adhc obtinbat, statim s contulit, et
vellere aure mnstrt ab e postulvit ut rgnum sibi trdertur; Pelis enim pollicitus erat, s Isn vellus
rettulisset, s rgnum e trditrum. Postquam Isn quid fier vellet ostendit, Pelis prm nihil respondit, sed
di in edem trstiti tacitus permnsit; tandem ita loctus est: "Vids m aette iam esse cnfectum, neque
dubium est qun dis suprmus mihi appropinquet. Liceat igitur mihi, dum vvam, hc rgnum obtinre; cum
autem tandem dcesser, t mihi succds." Hc rtine adductus Isn respondit s id factrum quod ille
rogsset.
77. MAGIC ARTS Hs rbus cgnits Mda rem aegr tulit, et rgn cupiditte adducta mortem rg per
dolum nferre cnstituit. Hc cnstitt ad flis rgis vnit atque ita locta est: "Vidtis patrem vestrum
aette iam esse cnfectum neque ad labrem rgnand perferendum satis valre. Vultisne eum rrsus iuvenem
fier?" Tum fliae rgis ita respondrunt: "Num hc fier potest? Quis enim umquam sene iuvenis factus
est?" At Mda respondit: "M medicnae summam habre scientiam sctis. Nunc igitur vbis dmnstrb
qu mod haec rs fier possit." Postquam fnem loquend fcit, arietem aette iam cnfectum interfcit et
membra ius in vse ane posuit, atque gn supposit in aquam herbs qusdam infdit. Tum, dum aqua
effervsceret, carmen magicum cantbat. Mox aris vse exsiluit et vribus refects per agrs currbat.
78. A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT Dum fliae rgis hc mrculum stupents intuentur, Mda ita locta est:
"Vidtis quantum valeat medicna. Vs igitur, s vultis patrem vestrum in adulscentiam redcere, id quod fc
ipsae facitis. Vs patris membra in vs conicite; ego herbs magics praebb." Quod ubi audtum est, fliae
rgis cnsilium quod dedisset Mda nn omittendum putvrunt. Patrem igitur Peliam necvrunt et membra
ius in vs aneum conicrunt; nihil autem dubitbant qun hc mxim e prfutrum esset. At rs omnn
aliter vnit ac sprverant, Mda enim nn esdem herbs dedit quibus ipsa sa erat. Itaque postquam di
frstr exspectvrunt, patrem suum r vr mortuum esse intellxrunt. Hs rbus gests Mda s cum
coniuge su rgnum acceptram esse sprbat; sed cvs cum intellegerent qu mod Pelis periisset, tantum
scelus aegr tulrunt. Itaque Isone et Md rgn expulss Acastum rgem crevrunt.
79. A FATAL GIFT Isn et Mda Thessali expuls ad urbem Corinthum vnrunt, cius urbis Cren
qudam rgnum tum obtinbat. Erat autem Creont flia na, nmine Glauc. Quam cum vdisset, Isn
cnstituit Mdae uxr suae nntium mittere e cnsili, ut Glaucn in mtrimnium dceret. At Mda ubi
intellxit quae ille in anim habret, r graviter commta ire irand cnfrmvit s tantam iniriam
ultram. Hc igitur cnsilium cpit. Vestem parvit summ arte textam et varis colribus nfectam; hanc
mortifer qudam venn tinxit, cius vs tlis erat ut s quis eam vestem induisset, corpus ius quasi gn
rertur. Hc fact vestem ad Glaucn msit; illa autem nihil mal suspicns dnum libenter accpit, et vestem
novam mre fminrum statim induit.
80. MEDEA KILLS HER SONS Vix vestem induerat Glauc cum dolrem gravem per omnia membra snsit,
et paul post crdl crucit adfecta vt excessit. Hs rbus gests Mda furre atque menti impulsa
flis sus necvit; tum mgnum sibi fore perculum arbitrta s in Thessali manret, ex e regine fugere
cnstituit. Hc cnstitt slem rvit ut in tant percul auxilium sibi praebret. Sl autem hs precibus
commtus currum msit cui erant inct dracns ls nstrct. Mda nn omittendam tantam occsinem
arbitrta currum ascendit, itaque per era vecta incolumis ad urbem Athns pervnit. Isn ipse brev
tempore mr mod occsus est. Accidit sve cs sve cnsili derum ut sub umbr nvis suae, quae in ltus
subducta erat, dormret. Mox nvis, quae adhc rcta steterat, in eam partem ubi Isn iacbat subit dlapsa
virum nflcem oppressit.
[Illustration: MEDEA MEDITATING THE MURDER OF HER SONS]
ULYSSES
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_Ulysses, a famous Greek hero, took a prominent part in the long siege of Troy. After the fall of the city, he
set out with his followers on his homeward voyage to Ithaca, an island of which he was king; but being driven
out of his course by northerly winds, he was compelled to touch at the country of the Lotus-eaters, who are
supposed to have lived on the north coast of Africa. Some of his comrades were so delighted with the lotus
fruit that they wished to remain in the country, but Ulysses compelled them to embark again and continued his
voyage. He next came to the island of Sicily, and fell into the hands of the giant Polyphmus, one of the
Cyclpes. After several of his comrades had been killed by this monster, Ulysses made his escape by
stratagem and reached the country of the winds. Here he received the help of Aeolus, king of the winds, and
having set sail again, arrived within sight of Ithaca; but owing to the folly of his companions, the winds
became suddenly adverse and he was again driven back. He then touched at an island which was the home of
Circe, a powerful enchantress, who exercised her charms on his companions and turned them into swine. By
the help of the god Mercury, Ulysses not only escaped this fate himself, but also forced Circe to restore her
victims to human shape. After staying a year with Circe, he again set out and eventually reached his home_.
81. HOMEWARD BOUND Urbem Triam Graecs decem anns obsessam esse satis cnstat; d hc enim
bell Homrus, mximus potrum Graecrum, liadem opus ntissimum scrpsit. Tri tandem per nsidis
capt, Graec long bell fess domum redre mtrvrunt. Omnibus rbus igitur ad profectinem parts
nvs ddxrunt, et tempesttem idneam nact mgn cum gaudi solvrunt. Erat inter prms Graecrum
Ulixs qudam, vir summae virttis ac prdentiae, quem dcunt nnnll dolum istum excgitsse qu Triam
captam esse cnstat. Hc rgnum nsulae Ithacae obtinuerat, et paul antequam cum reliqus Graecs ad bellum
profectus est, puellam frmsissimam, nmine Pnelopn, in mtrimnium dxerat. Nunc igitur cum iam
decem anns quasi in exsili cnsmpsisset, mgn cupiditte patriae et uxris videndae rdbat.
82. _THE LOTUS-EATERS_
Postquam tamen pauca mlia passuum ltore Triae progress sunt, tanta tempests subit coorta est ut nlla
nvium cursum tenre posset, sed aliae alis in parts disicerentur. Nvis autem qu ipse Ulixs vehbtur v
tempesttis ad merdiem dlta decim di ad ltus Libyae appulsa est. Ancors iacts Ulixs cnstituit
nnnlls socis in terram expnere, qu aquam ad nvem referrent et qulis esset ntra ius reginis
cgnscerent. H igitur nv gress imperta facere parbant. Dum tamen fontem quaerunt, quibusdam ex
incols obviam fact ab is hospiti accept sunt. Accidit autem ut mior pars vcts erum hominum in mr
qudam frct quem ltum appellbant cnsisteret. Quam cum Graec gustssent, patriae et socirum statim
oblt cnfrmvrunt s semper in e terr mnsrs, ut dulc ill cib in perpetuum vscerentur.
83. THE RESCUE Ulixs cum ab hr septim ad vesperum exspectsset, veritus n soci su in percul
versrentur, nnnlls reliqus msit, ut quae causa esset morae cgnscerent. H igitur in terram exposit ad
vcum qu nn long aberat s contulrunt; qu cum vnissent, socis sus quasi vn bris repperrunt. Tum
ubi causam veniend docurunt, is persudre cnbantur ut scum ad nvem redrent. Ill tamen resistere ac
man s dfendere coeprunt, saepe clmitants s numquam ex e loc abitrs. Quae cum ita essent, nnti
r nfect ad Ulixem redirunt. Hs rbus cgnits ipse cum omnibus qu in nv relict erant ad locum vnit; et
socis sus frstr horttus ut su sponte redrent, manibus erum post terga vincts invts ad nvem
reportvit. Tum ancors sublts quam celerrim port solvit.
84. _THE ONE-EYED GIANT_
Postquam e tt nocte rms contendrunt, postrdi ad terram gntam nvem appulrunt. Tum, quod
ntram ius reginis gnrbat, ipse Ulixs cum duodecim socis in terram gressus loca explrre
cnstituit. Paulum ltore prgress ad spluncam ingentem pervnrunt, quam habitr snsrunt; ius enim
introitum et ntr loc et man mntum esse animadvertrunt. Mox, ets intellegbant s nn sine percul id
factrs, spluncam intrvrunt; quod cum fcissent, mgnam cpiam lactis in vss ingentibus conditam
invnrunt. Dum tamen mrantur quis in e sde habitret, sonitum terribilem audvrunt, et oculs ad portam
torts mnstrum horribile vdrunt, hmn quidem speci et figr, sed ingent mgnitdine corporis. Cum
21
autem animadvertissent mnstrum num oculum tantum habre in medi fronte positum, intellxrunt hunc
esse num Cyclpibus, d quibus fmam iam accperant.
85. _THE GIANT'S SUPPER_
Cyclps autem pstrs erant qudam qu nsulam Siciliam et praecipu montem Aetnam incolbant; ibi
enim Volcnus, praeses fabrrum et gnis repertor, cius serv Cyclps erant, officnam suam habbat.
Graec igitur simul ac mnstrum vdrunt, terrre paene exanimt in interirem partem spluncae refgrunt
et s ibi abdere cnbantur. Polyphmus autem (sc enim Cyclps appellbtur) pecus suum in spluncam
compulit; deinde, cum sax ingent portam obstrxisset, gnem in medi splunc fcit. Hc fact, ocul
omnia perlstrbat, et cum snsisset homins in interire parte spluncae esse abdits, mgn vce
exclmvit: "Qu homins estis? Merctrs an latrns?" Tum Ulixs respondit s neque merctrs esse
neque praedand caus vnisse; sed Tri redeunts v tempesttum rct curs dpulss esse. rvit etiam
ut sibi sine iniri abre licret. Tum Polyphmus quaesvit ubi esset nvis qu vect essent; sed Ulixs cum
sibi mxim praecavendum esse bene intellegeret, respondit nvem suam in rps coniectam omnn frctam
esse. Polyphmus autem nll respns dat duo socis man corripuit, et membrs erum dvulss carnem
dvorre coepit.
86. A DESPERATE SITUATION Dum haec geruntur, Graecrum anims tantus terror occupvit ut n vcem
quidem dere possent, sed omn sp saltis dposit mortem praesentem exspectrent. Polyphmus, postquam
fams hc tam horribil cn dpulsa est, hum prstrtus somn s dedit. Quod cum vdisset Ulixs, tantam
occsinem re gerendae nn omittendam arbitrtus, in e erat ut pectus mnstr gladi trnsfgeret. Cum
tamen nihil temer agendum exstimret, cnstituit explrre, antequam hc faceret, qu ratine ex splunc
vdere possent. At cum saxum animadvertisset qu introitus obstrctus erat, nihil sibi prfutrum intellxit s
Polyphmum interfcisset. Tanta enim erat ius sax mgnitd ut n decem quidem hominibus movr
posset. Quae cum ita essent, Ulixs hc cnt dstitit et ad socis rediit; qu cum intellxissent qu in loc
rs essent, nll sp saltis oblt d fortns sus dsprre coeprunt. Ille tamen n anims dmitterent
vehementer horttus est; dmnstrvit s iam ante mults et mgns perculs vsisse, neque dubium esse
qun in tant discrmine d auxilium ltr essent.
87. A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE Ort lce Polyphmus iam somn excittus idem quod hestern di fcit;
correpts enim dubus reliqus virs carnem erum sine mor dvorvit. Tum, cum saxum mvisset, ipse
cum pecore su ex splunc prgressus est; quod cum Graec vidrent, mgnam in spem s post paulum
vsrs vnrunt. Mox tamen ab hc sp repuls sunt; nam Polyphmus, postquam omns ovs exirunt,
saxum in locum restituit. Reliqu omn sp saltis dposit lments lacrimsque s ddidrunt; Ulixs vr,
qu, ut supr dmnstrvimus, vir mgn fuit cnsil, ets intellegbat rem in discrmine esse, nndum omnn
dsprbat. Tandem, postquam di haec tt anim cgitvit, hc cnsilium cpit. lgns quae in splunc
reposita erant plum mgnum dlgit. Hunc summ cum dligenti praeactum fcit; tum, postquam socis
quid fier vellet ostendit, reditum Polyphm exspectbat.
88. A GLASS TOO MUCH Sub vesperum Polyphmus ad spluncam rediit, et edem mod qu ante cnvit.
Tum Ulixs trem vn prmpsit, quem forte (id quod e erat salt) scum attulerat; et postquam mgnum
pculum vn complvit, mnstrum ad bibendum prvocvit. Polyphmus, qu numquam ante vnum
gustverat, ttum pculum statim exhausit; quod cum fcisset, tantam volupttem percpit ut iterum et tertium
pculum replr iusserit. Tum, cum quaesvisset qu nmine Ulixs appellrtur, ille respondit s Nminem
appellar; quod cum audvisset, Polyphmus ita loctus est: "Hanc, tibi grtiam pr tant benefici referam; t
postrmum omnium dvorb." Hc cum dxisset, cib vnque gravis recubuit et brev tempore somn
oppressus est. Tum Ulixs socis convocts, "Habmus," inquit, "quam petiimus faculttem; n igitur tantam
occsinem re gerendae omittmus."
89. THE BLINDING OF POLYPHEMUS Hc rtine habit, postquam extrmum plum gn calefcit,
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oculum Polyphm dormientis fervent lgn perfdit; qu fact omns in dverss spluncae parts s
abdidrunt. At ille subit ill dolre ocul somn excittus clmrem terribilem sustulit, et dum per
spluncam errat, Ulixem man prehendere cnbtur; cum tamen iam omnn caecus esset, nll mod hc
efficere potuit. Intere reliqu Cyclps clmre audt undique ad spluncam convnrunt, et ad introitum
adstants quid Polyphmus ageret quaesvrunt, et quam ob causam tantum clmrem sustulisset. Ille
respondit s graviter vulnertum esse et mgn dolre adfic. Cum tamen poste quaesvissent quis e vim
intulisset, respondit ille Nminem id fcisse; quibus rbus audts nus Cyclpibus: "At s nm," inquit, "t
vulnervit, haud dubium est qun cnsili derum, quibus resistere nec possumus nec volumus, hc supplici
adficiris." Hc cum dxisset, abirunt Cyclps eum in nsniam incidisse arbitrt.
90. THE ESCAPE Polyphmus ubi socis sus abiisse snsit, furre atque menti impulsus Ulixem iterum
quaerere coepit; tandem cum portam invnisset, saxum qu obstrcta erat mvit, ut pecus in agrs exret.
Tum ipse in introit cnsdit, et ut quaeque ovis ad hunc locum vnerat, ius tergum manibus trctbat, n vir
inter ovs exre possent. Quod cum animadvertisset Ulixs, intellxit omnem spem saltis in dol magis quam
in virtte pn. Itaque hc cnsilium iniit. Prmum trs qus vidit pinguissims ex ovibus dlgit, qus cum
inter s viminibus coninxisset, num ex socis sus ventribus erum ita subicit ut omnn latret; deinde ovs
hominem scum ferents ad portam git. Id accidit quod fore suspictus erat. Polyphmus enim postquam
terga ovium manibus trctvit, es praeterre passus est. Ulixs ubi rem tam flciter vnisse vdit, omns
socis sus ex rdine edem mod msit; qu fact ipse novissimus vsit.
91. OUT OF DANGER Is rbus ita cnfects, Ulixs veritus n Polyphmus fraudem sentret, cum socis
quam celerrim ad ltus contendit; qu cum vnissent, ab is qu nv praesidi relict erant mgn cum laetiti
except sunt. H enim cum nxis anims iam trs dis continus reditum erum exspectvissent, es in aliquod
perculum mgnum incidisse (id quidem quod erat) suspict, ips auxiliand caus gred parbant. Tum
Ulixs nn satis ttum arbitrtus in e loc manre, quam celerrim profissc cnstituit. Iussit igitur omns
nvem cnscendere, et ancors sublts paulum ltore in altum prvectus est. Tum mgn vce exclmvit:
"T, Polyphme, qu ira hospit spernis, istam et dbitam poenam immnittis tuae solvist." Hc vce
audt Polyphmus r vehementer commtus ad mare s contulit, et ubi nvem paulum ltore remtam esse
intellxit, saxum ingns man correptum in eam partem conicit unde vcem venre snsit. Graec autem, ets
nn multum fuit qun submergerentur, nll damn accept cursum tenurunt.
92. THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS Pauca mlia passuum ab e loc prgressus Ulixs ad nsulam Aeoliam
nvem appulit. Haec patria erat ventrum,
"Hc vst rx Aeolus antr luctants vents tempesttsque sonrs imperi premit ac vincls et carcere
frnat."
Ibi rx ipse Graecs hospiti excpit, atque is persusit ut ad recuperands vrs paucs dis in e regine
commorrentur. Septim di cum soci labribus s recpissent, Ulixs, n ann tempore nvigtine
excldertur, sibi sine mor proficscendum statuit. Tum Aeolus, qu scibat Ulixem cupidissimum esse
patriae videndae, e iam profectr mgnum saccum cori cnfectum dedit, in qu vents omns praeter
num inclserat. Zephyrum tantum solverat, quod ille ventus ab nsul Aeoli ad Ithacam nvigant est
secundus. Ulixs hc dnum libenter accpit, et grtis pr tant benefici cts saccum ad mlum adligvit.
Tum omnibus rbus ad profectinem parts merdin fer tempore port solvit.
93. _THE WIND-BAG_
Novem dis secundissim vent cursum tenurunt, iamque in cnspectum patriae suae vnerant, cum Ulixs
lassitdine cnfectus (ipse enim gubernbat) ad quitem capiendam recubuit. At soci, qu iam ddum
mrbantur quid in ill sacc inclsum esset, cum ducem somn oppressum vidrent, tantam occsinem nn
omittendam arbitrt sunt; crdbant enim aurum et argentum ibi esse clta. Itaque sp lucr adduct saccum
sine mor solvrunt, qu fact vent
23
"velut gmine fact qu data porta ruunt, et terrs turbine perflant."

Hc tanta tempests subit coorta est ut ill cursum tenre nn possent sed in eandem partem unde erant
profect referrentur. Ulixs somn excittus qu in loc rs esset statim intellxit; saccum soltum, Ithacam
post tergum relictam vdit. Tum vr r vehementer exrsit socisque obirgbat quod cupiditte pecniae
adduct spem patriae videndae pricissent.
94. A DRAWING OF LOTS Brev spati intermiss Graec nsulae cuidam appropinquvrunt in qu Circ,
flia Slis, habitbat. Qu cum nvem appulisset, Ulixs in terram frmentand caus grediendum esse
statuit; nam cgnverat frmentum quod in nv habrent iam dficere. Socis igitur ad s convocts qu in
loc rs esset et quid fier vellet ostendit. Cum tamen omns memori tenrent quam crdl morte nect
essent i qu nper nv gress essent, nm repertus est qu hc negtium suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita
essent, rs ad contrversiam dducta est. Tandem Ulixs cnsns omnium socis in dus parts dvsit,
qurum alter Eurylochus, vir summae virttis, alter ipse praeesse. Tum h inter s sortt sunt uter in terram
gredertur. Hc fact, Euryloch sorte vnit ut cum dubus et vgint socis rem susciperet.
95. THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS Hs rbus ita cnstittis i qu sortt erant in interirem partem
nsulae profect sunt. Tantus tamen timor anims erum occupverat ut nihil dubitrent qun mort obviam
rent. Vix quidem poterant i qu in nv relict erant lacrims tenre; crdbant enim s socis sus numquam
post hc tempus vsrs. Ill autem aliquantum itineris prgress ad vllam quandam pervnrunt summ
mgnificenti aedifictam, cius ad stium cum adiissent, cantum dulcissimum audvrunt. Tanta autem fuit
ius vcis dulcd ut nll mod retinr possent qun inuam pulsrent. Hc fact ipsa Circ fors exiit, et
summ cum bengnitte omns in hospitium invtvit. Eurylochus nsidis sibi comparr suspictus fors
exspectre cnstituit, sed reliqu re novitte adduct intrvrunt. Cnam mgnificam omnibus rbus
nstrctam invnrunt et iss dominae libentissim accuburunt. At Circ vnum quod serv apposurunt
medicment qudam miscuerat; quod cum Graec bibissent, grav somn subit oppress sunt.
96. THE CHARM Tum Circ, quae artis magicae summam scientiam habbat, bacul aure quod gerbat
capita erum tetigit; qu fact omns in porcs subit convers sunt. Intere Eurylochus gnrus quid in
aedibus agertur ad stium sedbat; postquam tamen ad slis occsum nxi anim et sollicit exspectvit,
slus ad nvem regred cnstituit. E cum vnisset, sollicitdine ac timre tam perturbtus fuit ut quae
vdisset vix dlcid nrrre posset. Ulixs autem satis intellxit socis sus in percul versr, et gladi
corrept Euryloch impervit ut sine mor viam ad istam domum dmnstrret. Ille tamen mults cum
lacrims Ulixem complexus obsecrre coepit n in tantum perculum s committeret; s quid gravius e
accidisset, omnium saltem in summ discrmine futram. Ulixs autem respondit s nminem invtum scum
adductrum; e licre, s mllet, in nv manre; s ipsum sine ll praesidi rem susceptrum. Hc cum
mgn vce dxisset, nv dsiluit et nll sequente slus in viam s dedit.
97. THE COUNTERCHARM Aliquantum itineris prgressus ad vllam mgnificam pervnit, quam cum oculs
perlstrsset, statim intrre statuit; intellxit enim hanc esse eandem domum d qu Eurylochus mentinem
fcisset. At cum in e esset ut lmen intrret, subit e obviam stetit adulscns frm pulcherrim aureum
baculum gerns. Hc Ulixem iam domum intrantem man corripuit et, "Qu ruis?" inquit. "Nnne scs hanc
esse Circs domum? Hc incls sunt amc tu ex hmn speci in porcs convers. Num vs ipse in eandem
calamittem venre?" Ulixs simul ac vcem audvit, deum Mercurium gnvit; nlls tamen precibus ab
nstitt cnsili dterrr potuit. Quod cum Mercurius snsisset, herbam quandam e dedit, quam contr
carmina multum valre dcbat. "Hanc cape," inquit, "et ubi Circ t bacul tetigerit, t strict gladi impetum
in eam vid ut facis." Mercurius postquam fnem loquend fcit,
"mortls vss medi sermne relquit, et procul in tenuem ex oculs vnuit auram."
98. THE ENCHANTRESS IS FOILED Brev intermiss spati Ulixs ad omnia percula subeunda partus
inuam pulsvit, et foribus patefacts ab ips Circ bengn exceptus est. Omnia edem mod atque ante
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facta sunt. Cnam mgnific nstrctam vdit et accumbere issus est. Mox, ubi fams cib dpulsa est, Circ
pculum aureum vn repltum Ulix dedit. Ille ets suspictus est vennum sibi partum esse, pculum
exhausit; qu fact Circ postquam caput ius bacul tetigit, ea verba locta est quibus socis ius ante in
porcs converterat. Rs tamen omnn aliter vnit atque illa sprverat. Tanta enim vs erat ius herbae quam
Ulix Mercurius dederat ut neque vennum neque verba quicquam efficere possent. Ulixs autem, ut e
praeceptum erat, gladi strict impetum in eam fcit et mortem minitbtur. Circ cum artem suam nihil
valre snsisset, mults cum lacrims eum obsecrre coepit n sibi vtam adimeret.
99. MEN ONCE MORE Ulixs autem ubi snsit eam timre perterritam esse, postulvit ut socis sus sine
mor in hmnam speciem redceret (certior enim factus erat de Mercuri es in porcs converss esse);
nisi id factum esset, s dbits poens smptrum ostendit. Circ hs rbus graviter commta e ad peds s
pricit, et mults cum lacrims ire irand cnfrmvit s quae ille impersset omnia factram. Tum porcs
in trium immitt iussit. Ill dat sgn inrurunt, et cum ducem suum gnvissent, mgn dolre adfect sunt
quod nll mod eum d rbus sus certirem facere poterant. Circ tamen unguent qudam corpora erum
nxit; qu fact sunt omns statim in hmnam speciem reduct. Mgn cum gaudi Ulixs sus amcs
gnvit, et nntium ad ltus msit, qu reliqus Graecs socis recepts esse dceret. Ill autem hs rbus
cgnits statim ad domum Circaeam s contulrunt; qu cum vnissent, nivers laetitiae s ddidrunt.
[Illustration: ULYSSES AND CIRCE]
100. AFLOAT AGAIN Postrdi ius di Ulixs ex hc nsul quam celerrim discdere in anim habbat.
Circ tamen cum haec cgnvisset, ex odi ad amrem conversa omnibus precibus eum rre et obtestr
coepit ut paucs dis apud s morrtur; qu r tandem impetrt tanta beneficia in eum contulit ut facile e
persusum sit ut ditius manret. Postquam tamen ttum annum apud Circn cnsmpserat, Ulixs mgn
dsderi patriae suae mtus est. Socis igitur ad s convocts quid in anim habret ostendit. Ubi tamen ad
ltus dscendit, nvem suam tempesttibus tam adflctam invnit ut ad nvigandum paene intilis esset. Hc r
cgnit omnia quae ad nvs reficiends su essent comparr iussit, qu in r tantam dligentiam omns
adhibbant ut ante tertium diem opus perfcerint. At Circ ubi omnia ad profectinem parta esse vdit, rem
aegr ferbat et Ulixem vehementer obsecrbat ut e cnsili dsisteret. Ille tamen, n ann tempore a
nvigtine excldertur, mtrandum sibi exstimvit, et tempesttem idneam nactus nvem solvit. Multa
quidem percula Ulix subeunda erant antequam in patriam suam pervenret, quae tamen hc loc longum est
perscrbere.
NOTES
PERSEUS
The numbers refer to the page of text and the line on the page respectively.
3.6. Dana. Many proper names in this book are words borrowed by Latin from Greek, and have forms not
given in the regular Latin declensions. It will not be necessary to learn the declension of such words.
7. enim. This word commonly stands second in its clause.
8. turbbat. Notice that this verb and dormibat below are in the imperfect tense to denote a state of things
existing at the past time indicated by territa est.
autem. This word has the same peculiarity of position as enim; so also igitur, which occurs in line 11.
12. Serphum. Notice that Latin says 'the island Seriphos,' but English more often 'the island of Seriphos.'
25
13. appulsa est. Postquam is regularly followed by the perfect or present indicative, but the English translation
usually requires the pluperfect.
15. qudam. _Qudam_ means 'certain' as applied to some person or thing not fully described, while certus
means 'certain' in the sense of 'determined.' 'sure,'
ad domum. This means 'to the house'; 'to be brought home' would be _domum addc_, without the
preposition.
16. Ille is often used, as here, when the subject is changed to a person mentioned in the preceding sentence. In
this use it is to be translated 'he.'
18. benefici. See the derivation of this word in the vocabulary.
20. mults anns. Duration of time is regularly expressed in the accusative case.
22. eam. Latin has no pronoun of the third person, and is often takes the place of one; it is then to be translated
'he,' 'she,' 'it,' 'they,' according to its form.
25. haec. The literal translation would be 'these things,' but we must say 'thus' or 'as follows.'
4. 1. es. With iam ddum and similar expressions of duration, the present indicative is often used to denote an
action or state begun in the past but continuing in the present. The English equivalent is the perfect.
hc, is not the pronoun, but an adverb.
2. mihi. This dative may be translated 'for me.' How would 'to me' with a verb of motion be put?
3. refer. _Dc, dc, faci_, and _fer_ have the imperative forms _dc, dc, fac_, and fer, instead of _dce_,
etc.
4. Perseus. When the subordinate and the principal clause of a Latin sentence have the same subject, this
usually stands first, followed by the subordinate clause.
haec. Here a different rendering is required from that suggested in the note on 3, 25. What is it? Notice that it
is necessary to know the literal significance of the Latin words, but that the translation must often be
something quite different if it is to be acceptable English. The rule for translation is: Discover the exact
meaning of the original; then express the same idea correctly and, if you can, elegantly in the language into
which you are translating.
5. continentem. What is the derivation of this word?
vnit. Is this present or perfect? How do you know?
8. Graes. The Graeae were three old women who had one eye and one tooth in common, and took turns in
using them.
9. galeam. This belonged to Pluto, the god of the underworld of the dead, and whosoever wore it was
invisible. The story is that Perseus compelled the Graeae to tell him how to obtain the helps to his enterprise
by seizing their tooth and eye.
11. pedibus, 'on his feet,' dative of indirect object.
26
induit. See the note on 3, 13.

era. _r_ is borrowed from Greek, and keeps this Greek form for its accusative.
12. volbat. Distinguish between _vol, volre_, and _vol, velle_.
13. cters. _Cter_ is used to denote all not already named ('the other'), while _ali_ denotes some of those
who have not been already named ('other').
14. speci horribil, 'of terrible appearance.' ablative of description. A noun never stands alone in this
construction,
erum. See the note on 3, 22.
15. contcta. This and factae below are used as predicate adjectives, not to form the pluperfect passive with
erant. Translate, therefore, 'were covered.' not 'had been covered.'
18. vertbantur. The imperfect here denotes customary action, one of its regular uses.
19. Ille. See the note on 3, 16.
20. hc mod, ablative of manner.
21. vnit, dormibat. The perfect simply expresses an action which took place in past time, the imperfect tells
of a state of things existing at that past time.
25. fugit. When dum means 'while,' 'as,' it is followed by the present indicative, even when used of past
events.
26. fcit. Like postquam, ubi has the present or perfect indicative, where English would use the pluperfect.
5. 2. ill tempore, ablative of time.
rgnbat. Observe the force of the tense, and try to find the reason for each change of tense in this paragraph.
Hc. This must here be translated simply 'he.' Compare the use of Ille, 3, 16.
4. venibat. See the note on 4, 18.
6. omnium, 'of all men.' or 'of all.' The adjective is used as a noun, as in the second of the English expressions.
rculum. It was believed in antiquity that the will of the gods and a knowledge of future events might be
learned at certain shrines, of which the most famous were those of Apollo at Delphi, of Zeus or Jupiter at
Dodona, and of Hammon in Egypt. Hammon was really an Egyptian god, represented as having the horns of a
ram, but he was identified by the Greeks with Zeus and by the Romans with Jupiter.
7. fliam. Where there is no ambiguity, the possessive is often omitted in Latin.
8. autem, often, as here, simply introduces an explanation ('now'),
nmine, 'by name.'
27
9. Cpheus. See the note on Perseus, 4, 4.

10. cvs sus, 'his subjects.'
13. certam. See the note on _qudam_, 3, 15. _Dis_ is regularly masculine, but when used of an appointed
day it is often feminine.
omnia, 'all things,' 'everything,' or 'all.' See the note on omnium, line 6.
16. dplrbant, tenbant. Be careful to show the meaning of the tense by your translation.
18. quaerit. The present is often used of a past action instead of the perfect, to bring the action more vividly
before us as if it were taking place now. This is called the historical present.
19. haec geruntur, 'this is going on.'
20. horribil. Here the adjective is made emphatic by being put before its noun; in 4, 14 the same effect is
gained by putting _horribil_ last in its clause.
22. omnibus, dative of indirect object after the compound verb _(in+iaci)_. Translate 'inspired in all,' but the
literal meaning is 'threw into all.'
26. induit. See the note on 3, 13.
era. See the note on 4, 11.
6. 2. su, ius. Distinguish carefully between these words. Suus is used of something belonging to the subject,
_ius_ of something belonging to some other person or thing just mentioned.
5. volat. See the note on 4, 25.
7. sustulit. Notice that the perfect forms of _toll_ are the same as those of _suffer (sub + fer)_, 'endure.'
8. neque, here to be translated 'and ... not.' Neque is thus used regularly for _et nn_.
13. exanimta, used here as a predicate adjective.
16. rettulit. 'To give thanks' or 'thank' is usually _grtis agere_, as in 3, 19; _grtiam referre_ means 'to show
one's gratitude,' 'to recompense' or 'requite.'
18. dxit. This word came to mean 'marry,' because the bridegroom 'led' his bride in a wedding procession to
his own home. It will be seen, therefore, that it can be used only of the man.
Paucs anns. See the note on 3, 20.
20. omns. What does the quantity of the i tell you about the form?
7. 1. quod, not the relative pronoun, but a conjunction.
3. e, the adverb.
in trium. Although inrpit means 'burst into,' the preposition is nevertheless required with the noun to express
28
the place into which he burst.

6. ille. See the note on Perseus, 4, 4.
8. Acris. In Nepos, Caesar, Cicero, and Vergil, the genitive singular of second-declension nouns in _-ius_ and
_-ium_ ends in __, not _i_; but the nominative plural ends in _i_, and the dative and ablative plural in _is_.
10. istud. Remember that iste is commonly used of something connected with the person addressed. Here the
meaning may be 'that oracle I told you of.' See 3, 4.
12. Lrsam. See the note on 3, 12.
neque enim, 'for ... not,' as if simply _nn enim_, but Latin uses neque to connect the clauses.
14. in omns parts, 'in all directions' or 'in every direction.'
15. Mult. See the note on omnium, 5, 6.
17. discrum. The discus was a round, flat piece of stone or metal, and the athletes tried to see who could
throw it farthest.
18. cs. This is one of the ablatives of manner that do not take cum.
19. stbat. Notice the tense.
HERCULES
9. 2. omnium hominum. This means 'all men' in the sense of 'all mankind.'
3. derat. _d_ is perfect in form, but present in meaning; and the pluperfect has in like manner the force of
an imperfect. 5. medi nocte, 'in the middle of the night,' 'in the dead of night.'
7. Nec tamen, 'not ... however.' See the note on _neque enim,_ 7, 12.
8. movbant. Contrast this tense with appropinquverant and excitt sunt.
13. Tl mod = _hc mod_, 4, 20.
20. puer, 'from a boy,' 'from boyhood.'
exercbat, the imperfect of customary action, as is also cnsmbat.
24. autem. See the note on 5, 8.
25. art, dative of indirect object with the intransitive verb studbat.
10. 2. omnibus vribus, 'with all his might,' ablative of manner.
3. vt. Notice that the preposition denoting separation appears both with the noun and in the verb. Compare
_in trium inrpit_, 7, 3.
4. neque quisquam, 'and not any one,' _i.e_. 'and no one.' Quisquam is used chiefly in negative sentences.
29
5. voluit, 'was willing.'

7. facit. See the note on 4, 25.
8. nmine. See the note on 5, 8.
9. vir crdlissimus, not 'cruelest man,' but 'most cruel man.' The superlative is often thus used to denote
simply a high degree of the quality.
cnsuverat. Inceptive verbs end in _sc_ and denote the beginning of an action or state. The perfect and
pluperfect of such verbs often represent the state of things resulting from the completion of the action, and are
then to be translated as present and imperfect respectively. So _cnsusc_ = 'I am becoming accustomed,'
_cnsuv_ = 'I have become accustomed' or 'am accustomed,' _cnsuveram_ = 'I had become accustomed'
or 'was accustomed.'
11. sacrifici, 'for the sacrifice,' dative of purpose.
ea. Why is dis feminine here? See the note on certam, 5, 13.
12. omnia. See the note on 5, 13.
15. capitibus, dative of indirect object after the compound verb _(in + pn)_.
16. iam. The omission of the conjunction that would naturally join this clause with the preceding, and the
repetition of iam, which thus in a way connects the two clauses, reflect the imminence of the danger and
heighten our anxiety for the hero. Observe too how the tenses of the verbs contribute to the vividness of the
picture. We see Hercules at the altar and the priest, knife in hand, about to give the fatal blow.
18. alter. Supply _ct_.
19. Thbs, locative case. Notice that some names of towns are plural in form.
21. Thbns, dative with the adjective fnitim.
autem, 'now.'
22. Thbs. Names of towns are used without a preposition to express the place to which.
23. venibant, postulbant, imperfect of customary action.
25. cvs sus, 'his fellow-citizens.' Compare 5, 10.
hc stpendi, ablative of separation.
27. atque. This conjunction adds an important statement by way of supplement. Here the meaning is
something like 'and not only that, but.'
11. 11. conversa. Est and sunt are frequently not expressed with the perfect participle.
17. sus ipse su. Notice how the enormity of the crime is emphasized by the use of all these words repeating
the same idea.
30
23. rculum Delphicum. See the note on 5, 6.

hc rculum omnium = _hc omnium rculrum_.
25. Hc in templ. Monosyllabic prepositions often stand between the noun and an adjective modifying it.
12. 1. qu. Remember that the relative pronoun agrees in gender, number, and person with its antecedent; that
its case depends upon its use. How are the person and number of qu shown?
2. hominibus. See the note on 9, 2.
4. neque. See the note on 6, 8.
7. Tryntha. This is a Greek accusative form. See the note on _era_, 4, 11.
10. Duodecim anns, accusative of duration of time.
11. Eurysthe. The English verb 'serve' is transitive, but _servi_ ('be subject to') is intransitive and takes an
indirect object.
14. quae. See the note on line 1. What is the case of quae?
16. Prmum is chiefly used in enumeration, prm (line 6) in contrasting an action or state with one that
follows it.
19. scum. The preposition cum follows and is joined to the reflexive and personal pronouns, usually also to
the relative pronoun.
22. neque enim. See the note on 7, 12.
26. resprand, the genitive of the gerund. It modifies facults. The gerund corresponds to the English verbal
noun in _-ing_.
13. 5. Hc. We might expect haec referring to Hydram, but a demonstrative pronoun is commonly attracted
into the gender of the predicate noun (here mnstrum).
cui erant, 'which had,' literally 'to which there were.' This construction is found only with sum. It is called the
dative of possession.
8. rs. In rendering this word choose always with great freedom the most suitable English word.
13. 8. mgn percul. We say 'one of great danger.'
9. ius. What possessive would be used to modify sinistr?
11. hc cnt, ablative of separation.
14. comprehendrunt. See the note on 3, 13.
unde = ex quibus.
16. auxili Hydrae, 'to the aid of the Hydra,' but literally for aid (i.e. as aid) to the Hydra,' for Hydrae is dative.
31
This is called the double dative construction, auxili the dative of purpose, and Hydrae the dative of reference,
i.e. the dative denoting the person interested.
17. abscdit. See the note on 4, 25.
mordbat, 'kept biting,' the imperfect of repeated action.
18. tl mod. See the note on 9, 13.
interfcit. We have now had several verbs meaning 'kill.' _Interfici_ is the most general of these; _nec_
(line 4) is used of killing by unusual or cruel means, as by poison; _occd_ (12, 23) is most commonly used
of the 'cutting down' of an enemy in battle.
19. reddidit, as well as imbuit, has sagitts for its object, but we must translate as if we had _es_ with
reddidit.
22. ad s. Compare this construction with the use of the dative in 4, 2. Notice that s does not refer to
Herculem, the subject of referre, but to Eurystheus, the subject of Iussit. When the reflexive thus refers to the
subject of the principal verb rather than to the subject of the subordinate verb with which it s directly
connected, it is called indirect.
23. tantae audciae. The genitive of description, like the ablative of description, consists always of a noun
with some modifying word. Compare _speci horribil_, 4, 14.
autem. Compare 5, 8 and 10, 21.
24. incrdibil celeritte, ablative of description.
25. vestgis, ablative of means.
26. ipsum, contrasts cervum with vestgis.
27. omnibus vribus. See the note on 10, 2.
14. 1. currbat, 'he kept running.'
sibi, dative of reference. It need not be translated,
ad quitem, 'for rest.' Purpose is frequently thus expressed by ad.
3. cucurrerat. The pluperfect is sometimes used with postquam when the lapse of time is denoted.
4. curs, ablative of cause.
exanimtum = _qu exanimtus erat_. The participle is often equivalent to a relative clause.
5. rettulit. See the note on 13, 19.
8. rem. See the note on _rs_, 13, 8.
10. apr, dative of indirect object after the compound verb (_ob + curr_).
32
11. tmre perterritus. It is not necessary to translate both words.

13. inicit, i.e. upon the boar.
summ cum difficultte. Compare this with _omnibus vribus_, 13, 27, and notice that cum may be omitted
with the ablative of manner when there is an adjective. For the position of cum, see the note on 11, 25.
15. ad Eurystheum. We are told elsewhere that Eurystheus was so frightened when he saw the boar that he hid
in a cask.
vvus. Why have we the nominative here, but the accusative (vvum) in line 5?
17. quart. The capture of the Erymanthian boar is usually given as the third labor and the capture of the
Cerynean stag as the fourth.
nrrvimus. The writer sometimes uses the first person plural in speaking of himself, instead of the first
person singular. This is called the plural of modesty, and is the same as the English usage.
18. in Arcadiam. How does this differ in meaning from _in Arcadi_?
20. appeteret. The subjunctive introduced by cum, 'since,' may express the reason for the action of the main
verb.
23. Herculs. See the note on Perseus, 4, 4.
26. quod, conjunction, not pronoun.
reliqus centaurs, 'the rest of the centaurs,' 'the other centaurs.' Compare _medi nocte_, 9, 5. Notice that
_reliqu_ means about the same as _cter_, and see the note on 4, 13.
28. inquit, historical present. This verb is used parenthetically with direct quotations.
15. 1. dab. Notice that Latin is more exact than English in the use of the future tense in subordinate clauses.
In English we often use the present in the subordinate clause and leave it to the principal verb to show that the
time is future.
7. pervnrunt. See the note on 4, 26.
10. cnstitit, from _cnsist_, not _cnst_.
16. fug. Latin says 'by flight,' not 'in flight.'
17. ex splunc. See the note on 10, 3.
21. locum, the direct object of Adiit, which is here transitive. We might also have ad locum with _ade_ used
intransitively.
16. 4. Hercul. See the note on 10, 15.
labrem. This labor is usually given as the sixth, the destruction of the Stymphalian birds as the fifth.
6. tria mlia boum, 'three thousand cattle,' literally 'three thousands of cattle.' The partitive genitive is the
33
regular construction with the plural _mlia_, but the singular _mlle_ is commonly used as an adjective, like
English 'thousand.' Thus 'one thousand cattle' would be _mlle bovs_.
7. ingents mgnitdinis. See the note on _tantae audciae_, 13, 23.
8. neque enim umquam, 'for ... never.' See the note on neque enim, 7, 12.
11. multae operae. See the note on _mgn percul_, 13, 8.
12. duodvgint pedum, i.e. in width.
dxit. This word is used with reference to the progress of work on a wall or ditch from one end of it to the
other.
15. opus. Compare this word with operae and labre, line 12. Labor is used of heavy or exhausting labor,
opera of voluntary exertion or effort, opus of that upon which one labors or of the completed work.
17. imperverat. This verb takes an indirect object to express the person ordered (e). The action commanded
is expressed by the subjunctive in a clause introduced by ut and used as the object of _imper_ (ut necret).
Notice that this may be translated 'that he should kill' or 'to kill.' Compare now the construction with _iube_,
13, 22, with which the command is expressed by the accusative and infinitive (_Herculem referre_).
19. carne. _Vscor_ is an intransitive verb and governs the ablative.
22. appropinquand. See the note on 12, 26.
23. cnstitit, from _cnst_. Compare 15, 10.
pedibus, 'on foot,' literally 'by his feet.'
25. consmpsisset. The imperfect and pluperfect tenses of the subjunctive are used with cum, 'when,' to
describe the circumstances of the action of the main verb. Compare 14, 20, and the note.
26. hc cnt. See the note on 13, 11.
27. peteret. The subjunctive is used with ut to express purpose. The best translation is usually the infinitive ('to
ask'), but the Latin infinitive is not used in model prose to express purpose.
17. 3. volrent. This is not subjunctive of purpose, but of result, as is indicated by tam.
6. ex. Compare this with ab, 16, 21, and _d_, 16, 13. We commonly translate all of these 'from,' but the real
meanings are 'out of,' 'away from,' and 'down from' respectively.
Crt. See the note on 3, 12.
7. esset. See the note on 14, 20.
8. nsulae, dative with the compound verb (ad + _propinqu_).
appropinquret. See the note on 16, 25.
9. tanta ... ut. Notice how frequently the clause of result is connected with a demonstrative word in the main
34
clause.
12. nvigand impertus, 'ignorant of navigation,' 'inexperienced in sailing.' See the note on 12, 26.
21. cum, the conjunction.
ingent labre. See the note on _summ cum difficultte_, 14, 13.
25. ut redceret. See the note on 16, 27.
26. carne. See the note on 16, 19.
vscbantur, imperfect of customary action.
18. 3. ut trderentur. Notice that _postul_, like _imper_, takes an object-clause introduced by ut and having
its verb in the subjunctive.
sibi, the indirect reflexive. See the note on 13, 22.
4. r ... interfcit, 'became furiously angry and killed the king,' literally 'moved by wrath killed the king.' The
participle is frequently best rendered by a finite verb.
18. 4. cadver. The subject of an infinitive stands in the accusative case. We might translate here 'and gave
orders that his body should be thrown.' See the note on 16, 17.
6. mra rrum commtti. When a noun has both an adjective and a genitive modifier, this order of the words
is common.
7. cum crucit, ablative of manner.
necverat. See the note on _interfcit_, 13, 18.
10. referbant. See the note on 6, 16.
modo. This is the adverb, not a case of modus, the dative and ablative singular of which would be _mod_.
Make a practice of carefully observing the quantity of vowels.
11. rbant. Notice that this verb, like _imper_ and _postul_, takes ut and the subjunctive.
14. ad nvigandum. See the note on _ad quitem_, 14, 1.
16. post, here an adverb of time.
18. dcitur. Notice that the Latin construction is personal ('the nation is said to have consisted'), while English
commonly has the impersonal construction ('it is said that the nation consisted').
19. re mlitris, 'the art of war.'
25. mandvit. See the note on 16, 17.
26. Amzonibus, dative after the compound verb.
35
19. 1. persusit. Notice that this verb governs the same construction that we have already found used with
_imper_ and _mand_.
2. scum. See the note on 12, 19.
5. appulit. Supply _nvem_.
6. docret. A clause of purpose is frequently introduced by a relative. Translate like the _ut_-clause of
purpose, here 'to make known,' literally 'who was to make known.'
14. mgn intervll, ablative of degree of difference.
16. nn mgna. The effect of the position of these words may be reproduced by translating 'but not a large
one.'
neutr. The plural is used because the reference is to two parties, each composed of several individuals.
'Neither' of two individuals would be neuter.
17. volbant, dedit. Consider the tenses. Each army waited for some time for the other to cross; finally
Hercules gave the signal.
22. occderint. The perfect subjunctive is sometimes used in result clauses after a past tense in the principal
clause. This is contrary to the general principle of the sequence of tenses, which requires the imperfect or
pluperfect subjunctive after a past tense, the present or perfect subjunctive after a present or future tense.
23. Vir. Compare this with hominibus, 12, 2.
24. praestbant. Compare the tense with praestitrunt, line 21.
27. neu. As neque or nec is used for 'and not,' so _nve_ or neu for 'and that not' in an object-clause or a clause
of purpose.
20. 1. quibus, 'and by these,' The relative is much used in Latin to connect a new sentence with the one
preceding. When so used, it is generally best rendered by 'and' or 'but' and a demonstrative or personal
pronoun.
ita ... ut. See the note on 17, 9.
2. essent, most easily explained as the subjunctive of attraction. By this is meant that the verb is attracted into
the mood of the clause upon which it depends.
4. pgntum est, 'the battle raged' or 'they fought,' literally 'it was fought,' Intransitive verbs are often thus
used impersonally in the passive, with the subject implied in the verb itself, as pgntum est = _pgna
pgnta est_.
11. aesttis, partitive genitive. Notice that multum is used as a noun.
13. nactus. The perfect active participle is wanting in Latin, but the perfect participle of deponent verbs is
active in meaning.
24. speci horribil. See the note on 4, 14.
36
26. timre perterrit. See the note on 14, 11.

continbantur, 'kept themselves shut up.' This is the so-called reflexive use of the passive, in which the subject
is represented as acting upon itself.
pecora. This word is used of herds of cattle, pecuds (line 25) of single animals, especially sheep.
28. commtus cnsuluit. See the note on 18, 4.
21. 3. lberret. See the note on 16, 27.
rcul. Notice that prre is intransitive and has the dative of indirect object, while 'obey' is transitive. It may
help to understand the Latin construction if you translate such verbs as _pre_ by intransitives, here 'to
submit to.'
4. sacrifici. See the note on 10, 11.
5. ips temporis punct qu, 'at the very moment when.'
8. gressus. See the note on 20, 13.
d rbus ... factus est, 'was informed of the state of things,' literally 'was made more certain about the things
which were being done.' In what gender, number, person, and case is quae? Give a reason for each.
11. posset. The subjunctive is used because the words of the king are quoted indirectly. He said _s potes_, 'if
you can.'
19. Ipse. Notice the use of this word in contrasts, frequently, as here, of a person with that which belongs to
him or with his subordinates.
20. inter s, 'to one another.'
22. esset, subjunctive in an indirect question. The direct form would be _Quantum perculum est_? ('How
great is the danger?'). mults terrs, just as we say 'many lands,'
23. Eurpae. Compare _Thbns_, 10, 21.
24. in utrque ltore, 'on each shore,' 'on both shores.'
25. columns. The ancients believed that the Rock of Gibraltar was the pillar set up by Hercules on the
European side.
22. 4. tantum, an adverb.
5. dederit. See the note on 19, 22.
9. qu in loc. See the note on 11, 25. essent. See the note on 21, 22.
10. sibi, the indirect reflexive.
12. et ... et, 'both ... and.'
37
18. prgred, 'from proceeding.'

19. prohibbant, 'attempted to prevent,' imperfect of attempted action. Notice that the use of the imperfect to
express customary, repeated, or attempted action follows naturally from its use to denote action going on in
past time. The present, the tense which denotes action going on in present time, has the same special uses.
20. barbar. This word was used by the Greeks of all other peoples; by the Romans it was used of all but the
Greeks and themselves.
24. cecidrunt. Let the quantity of the i tell you whether this comes from _cad_ or _caed_. Is occderint a
compound of _cad_ or _caed_?
25. in tlibus rbus, _i.e_. when a god intervenes in behalf of his favorite.
26. nihil incommod, 'no harm,' literally 'nothing of harm'; incommod is partitive genitive.
23. 2. quam celerrim, 'as rapidly as possible.' Quam with the superlative expresses the highest possible
degree.
3. Necesse, predicate adjective with erat, the subject being hs trnsre.
5. citerire. The Romans called upper Italy Gallia Citerior, 'Hither Gaul,' because it was occupied by Gallic
tribes.
6. perenn. Learn the derivation of this word. The meaning of a word may often be seen most easily and
remembered most surely by noticing its derivation,
tct, used as predicate adjective.
9. cpiam. Notice carefully the meaning of this word. In what sense have we found the plural _cpiae_ used?
10. rbus, 'preparations.' See the note on _rs_, 13, 8.
cnsmpserat. See the note on 14, 3.
11. omnium opninem. Hitherto we have had _opninem omnium_, but here omnium is made emphatic by
being placed first.
15. itinere, ablative of cause.
fessus, 'since he was weary.' Notice that a Latin adjective or participle must often be expanded into a clause in
the translation.
16. Haud = _nn_. It modifies a single word, usually an adjective or adverb.
19. modo. See the note on 18, 10.
ingent mgnitdine. Compare _ingentis mgnitdinis_, 16, 7.
23. boum. Learn the declension of this word from the vocabulary.
24. n. A negative clause of purpose is introduced by _n_.
38
24. 2. omnibus locs. Locus modified by an adjective is often used without in in the ablative of place.
3. nsquam. We say 'could not find anywhere,' but Latin prefers to combine the negative with another word.
6. reliqus. See the note on _reliqus centaurs_, 14, 26.
7. bbus. Compare boum, 23, 23. With nus the ablative with ex or _d_ is commonly used instead of the
partitive genitive.
16. neque quicquam. See the note on 10, 4.
21. mre su, 'according to his custom.'
turbtus, 'was confused ... and.' See the note on _ra ... interfcit_, 18, 4.
22. in. See the note on _in trium_, 7, 3.
25. resprand. See the note on 12, 26.
25. 2. quam qus, for _quam es qus_.
11. cui. See the note on cui erant, 13, 5.
12. Hercul imperverat, 'had enjoined upon Hercules.'
17. Eurysthe. See the note on _rcul_, 21, 3.
19. quaesverat. With this verb the person of whom the question is asked is expressed in the ablative with _ab,
d_, or ex.
23. orbis terrrum, 'of the world,' literally 'of the circle of lands.'
26. umers sus, ablative of means, but we say 'on his shoulders.'
n. See the note on 23, 24.
dcideret. Notice the force of the prefix _d_.
27. mrtus, 'wondering at.' The perfect participle of deponent verbs is often best rendered into English by a
present participle.
26. 3. Hercul, dative with prdesse.
ille. See the note on Perseus, 4, 4.
4. cert, the adverb.
6. vnisset. What would the form be in the direct question?
inquit. See the note on 14, 28.
7. flibus. To avoid confusion with the corresponding forms of deus and _flius_, the dative and ablative
39
plural of dea and _flia_ sometimes end in _bus_.

sponte. This noun is practically confined to the ablative singular, in prose usually with _me, tu_, or _su_,
'of my, your, his own accord.'
9. posset, subjunctive because indirect. The thought of Hercules was _s potest_.
11. abesset. This also is indirect, quoting absum.
12. umers. See the note on 25, 26.
17. pauca mlia. Extent of space, like duration of time, is expressed by the accusative,
passuum. See the note on 16, 6.
21. ita ut, 'as'
accpissent. Hitherto we have found the indicative in causal clauses introduced by quod. The subjunctive
indicates that the reason is quoted; the Hesperides said _quod accpimus_.
28. grtis git. See the note on 6, 16.
27. 2. labribus. See the note on 24, 7.
3. Hercul praecperat = _Hercul imperverat_, 25, 12.
5. posset, subjunctive because it quotes the thought of Eurystheus, poterit.
6. ut ... traheret. This clause is not itself the object of dedit, but in apposition with the object (Negtium).
7. omnium, partitive genitive.
11. nrrmus. The present is sometimes used with antequam to express future action, as in English with
'before.' See the note on 15, 1.
alinum, predicate adjective, the subject of vidtur being pauca ... prpnere. In the passive _vide_ may
mean 'be seen,' but it usually means 'seem.'
13. qui dem, 'which also,' literally 'which the same.'
14. Ut, 'when.'
15. ddcbantur, customary action.
19. Stygis flminis. We say 'river Styx,' but 'Mississippi River.'
qu, ablative of means.
20. necesse. See the note on 23, 3.
possent. The subjunctive is used with antequam to denote that the action is expected or intended.
40
21. in. We say 'over.'

25. prius. Notice that Latin is here more exact than English, using the comparative because only two actions
are spoken of.
dedisset, subjunctive because indirect. Charon said nisi dederis (future perfect), _nn trnsveham_, 'unless
you first give (shall have given), I will not carry you across.'
28. 1. mortu, used as a noun, 'of the dead man.'
e cnsili, 'with this purpose,' 'to this end.' The clause ut ... posset is in apposition with cnsili.
6. Ut. Compare 27, 14.
8. quod cum fcissent, 'and when they had done this.' See the note on quibus, 20, 1.
13. Stbant, 'there stood.' What is its subject?
15. mortus, dative of indirect object.
et. Notice that ambiguity is avoided by a change of conjunctions, et connecting the clauses and -que
connecting praemia and poens. Of these connectives, et connects two ideas that are independent of each other
and of equal importance; _-que_ denotes a close connection, often of two words that together express a single
idea; while ac or atque (see line 18) adds something of greater importance.
18. et. _Mult_ is often joined by et to another adjective modifying the same noun.
24. ex. Compare 25, 18.
27. s socis, direct object and predicate accusative respectively.
29. 3. n. After verbs of fearing _n_ must be rendered 'that,' ut, 'that not.' Notice, however, that the negative
idea is as clearly present here as in the other clauses introduced by _n_ that we have met, for Charon wishes
that the thing may not happen.
13. fcisset, indirect for _fceris_.
18. refgerit. See the note on 19, 22.
23. quae cum ita essent, 'and this being the case,' 'and so,' literally 'since which things were so.'
24. lbertus. See the note on _r ... interfcit_, 18, 4.
25. quae, object of perscrbere, which is the subject of est; longum is predicate adjective.
26. est. We say 'would be.'
aette, ablative of specification. Translate 'when he was now advanced in age' (_i.e_. 'late in life'), and see the
note on fessus, 23, 15.
30. 1. accidit. This is one of several impersonal verbs which take for their subject a clause of result (ut ...
occderit).
41
3. ut ... ret, a clause of result; used as the subject of esset, ms being predicate.
quis. After _s, nisi, n_, and num, this is not the interrogative, but an indefinite pronoun ('any one'),
occdisset, indirect for _occderit_, which would be the form used in the laws; or it may be explained as
subjunctive by attraction to ret.
7. trnseant, not 'they are crossing,' but 'they are to cross.' The direct form would be _trnsemus ('How in the
world are we to get across?'), subjunctive because the question expresses doubt. This is called the deliberative
subjunctive.
10. prgressus, 'after advancing.'
11. revertbtur. This verb is deponent in the present, imperfect, and future.
16. hum, locative, 'on the ground.'
su ulcscend, 'of avenging himself.' This is called the gerundive construction. It is regularly used instead of
the gerund when the gerund would have an accusative object (_s ulcscend_). Notice that the gerund is a
verbal noun; the gerundive a verbal adjective, agreeing with its noun like any other adjective.
17. morientis, 'of a dying man.' Compare _mortu_, 28, 1.
18. vs, from _vol_.
20. s ... vnerit, 'if you ever suspect him.' What is the literal meaning? Notice that we use the present, while
Latin by the use of the future perfect indicates that the action is to precede that of the main clause.
21. inficis. The future indicative is sometimes used, as in English, for the imperative.
22. nihil mal. See the note on 22, 26.
suspicta. See the note on 25, 27.
25. Ioln, fliam, captvam, direct object, appositive, and predicate accusative respectively.
26. domum. See the note on ad domum, 3, 15.
31. 1. referret. See the note on 19, 6.
2. facerent, subjunctive by attraction. The verb of a clause dependent upon an infinitive is put in the
subjunctive when the two clauses are closely connected in thought. We have already met this construction in
the case of dependence upon a subjunctive; see the note on 20, 2.
gerere. Compare 30, 3. Such phrases as _ms est_ may have as subject either an infinitive or a clause of result.
3. verita. This participle is regularly rendered as present,
42
4. vestem. Notice that the position of this word helps to make it clear that it is the object of nfcit as well as
of dedit.
5. suspicns. This does not differ appreciably in force from _suspicta_, 30, 22.
8. exanimtus, 'beside himself.'
14. succenderent. Notice the force of the prefix sub in this word and in subdidit below.
15. inductus, 'moved.'
THE ARGONAUTS
33. 1. alter ... alter, 'one ... the other.' Remember that this word is used to denote one of two given persons or
things. We have in this passage an instance of the chiastic order, in which variety and emphasis are gained by
reversing the position of the words in the second of two similar expressions. Here the two names are brought
together by this device.
3. rgn, objective genitive, _i.e_. a genitive used to denote the object of the feeling cupiditte.
6. ex amcs. Qudam, like _nus_, commonly has ex or _d_ and the ablative, instead of the partitive genitive.
10. puerum mortuum esse, 'that the boy was dead,' literally 'the boy to be dead.' This is indirect for Puer
mortuus est, 'The boy is dead.' Notice carefully what changes Latin makes in quoting such a statement
indirectly, and what the changes are in English. We have already met two constructions of indirect discourse,
the subjunctive in indirect questions, and the subjunctive in informal indirect discourse. By the latter is meant
a subordinate clause which, though not forming part of a formal quotation, has the subjunctive to show that
not the speaker or writer but some other person is responsible for the idea it expresses (see the notes on
dedisset, 27, 25, and _occdisset_. 30, 3). In indirect discourse, then, a statement depending upon a verb of
saying, thinking, knowing, perceiving, or the like has its verb in the infinitive with the subject in the
accusative; a command or question has its verb in the subjunctive; and any clause modifying such a statement,
command, or question has its verb in the subjunctive.
33. 13. intellegerent. See the note on 14, 20.
14. nesci quam fbulam, 'some story or other.' Notice that _nesci_ with the interrogative pronoun is
equivalent to an indefinite pronoun.
19. rculum. Read again the description beginning at the bottom of page 11.
21. quis. See the note on 30, 3.
Post paucs anns, 'a few years later,' literally 'later by a few years.' Post is here an adverb, and paucs anns
ablative of degree of difference. The expression is equivalent to _post paucs anns_.
22. accidit. See the note on 30, 1.
factrus, 'intending to make.' The future participle with a form of sum is used to express an intended or future
action. This is called the active periphrastic conjugation.
23. certam. See the note on 5, 13.
43
24. Di cnstitt, ablative of time.

26. pueriti. Compare _ puer_, 9, 20.
34. 2. trnseund flmine. See the note on _su ulcscend_, 30, 16.
nesci qu. See the note on 33. 14.
4. n pede nd, 'with one foot bare,' the ablative absolute. This construction consists of two parts, a noun, or
pronoun corresponding to the subject of a clause, and a participle corresponding to the verb of a clause. A
predicate noun or adjective may take the place of the participle. In the latter case the use of the participle
'being' will show the two parts in the relation of subject and predicate, 'one foot being bare.'
34.6. dmnstrvisset, subjunctive because subordinate in indirect discourse. See the note on 33, 10. Pelias
thought, _Hc est hom quem rculum dmnstrvit_.
9. vellus aureum. Phrixus and his sister Helle were about to be put to death, when they were rescued by a ram
with fleece of gold, who carried them off through the air. Helle fell from the ram's back into the strait that
separates Europe and Asia, called after her the Hellespont, 'Helle's sea,' and known to us as the Dardanelles.
Phrixus came safely to Colchis, and here he sacrificed the ram and gave the fleece to Aeetes. Read Mr. D.O.S.
Lowell's _Jason's Quest_.
11. ut ... potrtur. See the note on 27, 6.
hc vellere. Potior takes the same construction as _vscor_, for which see the note on 16, 19.
16. iter, accusative of extent.
20. su, dative of purpose. We say 'of use' or 'useful.'
24. oper dative after the compound with prae. Notice that not all verbs compounded with prepositions govern
the dative. Many compounds of _ad, ante, com_ (for _cum_), _in, inter, ob, post, prae, pr, sub_, and super do
have the dative, and some compounds of circum. You will find it profitable to keep a list of all such
compound verbs governing the dative that you meet in your reading.
25. n ... quidem, 'not ... even.' The word emphasized must stand between _n_ and quidem.
ad labrem. See the note on _ad quitem_, 14, 1.
26. Ad multitdinem trnsportandam, used like _ad labrem_. The gerundive in this use is very common.
27. quibus. The antecedent eae is not expressed. Notice that _tor_ governs the same case as _vscor_ and
potior. Two other deponent verbs, not found in this book, take this construction, namely fruor, 'enjoy,' and
fungor, 'perform.'
nostr mar, _i.e_. the Mediterranean.
cnsuvimus. See the note on _cnsuverat_, 10, 9.
35. 8. citharoedum. It was said that Orpheus made such sweet music on his golden harp that wild beasts, trees,
and rocks followed him as he moved. By his playing he even prevailed upon Pluto to give back his dead wife
Eurydice.

Thseum, a mythical hero, whose exploits resemble and rival those of Hercules. The most famous of them
was the killing of the Minotaur. Theseus was the national hero of Athens.
Castorem, the famous tamer of horses and brother of Pollux, the boxer. Read Macaulay's _Lays of Ancient
Rome, The Battle of the Lake Regillus_.
10. qus, the subject of esse. Its antecedent is es, line 11. The relative frequently precedes in Latin, but the
antecedent must be translated first.
16. Argonautae. Notice the composition of this word.
24. dicerentur, part of the result clause.
26. arbitrt. See the note on 25, 27.
gred. See the note on 22, 18.
27. pgntum est. See the note on 20 4.
36. 5. Postrdi ius di, 'the next day,' more literally 'on the day following that day.' This idea may be
expressed by _postrdi_ alone, and the fuller expression is simply more formal.
9. in ancors, 'at anchor.'
10. habrent. See the note on 34, 6.
11. ex Argonauts. See the note on 33, 6.
13. Qu, 'he.' See the note on quibus, 20, 1.
dum quaerit, 'while looking for.' The present indicative with dum is often to be translated by a present
participle.
15. vdissent. We say 'saw,' but Latin makes it plain that the seeing (and falling in love) came before the
attempt to persuade.
e. Keep a list of all intransitive verbs which are used with the dative.
16. negret. This verb is commonly used instead of _dc_ when a negative statement follows; when thus
used, it should be translated by 'say' with the appropriate negative, here 'said that he would not.'
37. 1. praebuisset, subjunctive in a subordinate clause of indirect discourse.
2. supplic. See the note on 7, 8.
6. accubuerat. The Romans reclined at table, supporting themselves on the left arm and taking the food with
the right hand. They naturally represented others as eating in the same way.
appositum, 'that had been placed before him.' See the note on _exanimtum_, 14, 4.
7. Qu ... morertur, 'and so it came to pass that Phineus was nearly dying of starvation,' literally 'that not
much was wanting but that Phineus would die.' Ut ... abesset is a clause of result, the subject of factum est;
44
45
quin ... morertur is a form of subordinate clause with subjunctive verb used after certain negative
expressions; fam is ablative of cause. Notice that _fams_ has a fifth-declension ablative, but is otherwise of
the third declension.
9. Rs male s habbat, 'the situation was desperate.' What is the literal meaning?
12. opninem virttis, 'reputation for bravery.'
13. qun ferrent. Negative expressions of doubt are regularly followed by _qun_ and the subjunctive.
16. quant in percul. See the note on 11, 25.
suae rs, 'his affairs.' See the note on _rs_, 13, 8.
17. repperissent. Phineus used the future perfect indicative.
22. nihil, used adverbially.
23. era. See the note on 4, 11.
27. Hc fact, 'when this had been accomplished.' See the note on 34, 4. The ablative absolute is often used
instead of a subordinate clause of time, cause, condition, or the like.
38. 1. referret. See the note on 6, 16.
3. e cnsili. See the note on 28, 1.
4. n quis, 'that no one.' 'Negative clauses of purpose and negative clauses of result may be distinguished by
the negative: _n, n qus_, etc., for purpose; _ut nn, ut nm_, etc., for result.
parv intervll, 'a short distance apart,' ablative absolute. See the note on 34, 1.
5. in medium spatium, 'between them.'
7. quid faciendum esset, 'what was to be done.' The gerundive is used with sum to denote necessary action.
This is called the passive periphrastic conjugation.
8. sublts ... solvit, 'weighed anchor and put to sea.' What is the literal translation? The ablative absolute is
often best translated by a cordinate verb, and this requires a change of voice, for the lack of a perfect active
participle in Latin is the reason for the use of the ablative absolute in such cases. If there were a perfect active
participle, it would stand in the nominative, modifying the subject, as we have found the perfect participle of
deponent verbs doing.
11. rct ... spatium, 'straight between them.'
12. caud tantum miss, 'having lost only its tail-feathers.' Notice that we change the voice, as in line 8, and
that the use of the ablative absolute is resorted to here for the same reason as in that passage. Make sure at this
point that you know three ways in which the ablative absolute may be translated, as in this passage, as in line
8, and as suggested in the note on 37, 27.
14. concurrerent, 'could rush together.' See the note on possent, 27, 20.
46
intellegents, equivalent to cum intellegerent.

17. ds, the usual form of the dative and ablative plural of deus, as _d_ of the nominative plural.
qurum, equivalent to _cum erum_. A relative clause of cause, like a _cum_-clause of cause, has its verb in
the subjunctive.
27. negbat. See the note on 36, 16.
39. 1. trditrum. In infinitives formed with participles esse is often omitted,
prius. See the note on 27, 25.
3. Prmum. See the note on 12, 16.
4. iungend erant. See the note on 38, 7.
8. re bene gerendae, 'of accomplishing his mission.' What is the literal meaning?
10. rem aegr ferbat, 'she was greatly distressed.' What is the literal meaning?
12. Quae ... essent. See the note on 29, 23.
13. medicnae, objective genitive.
14. Medi nocte. See the note on 9, 5.
nsciente patre, 'without the knowledge of her father,' ablative absolute.
15. vnit. See the note on 3, 13.
17. quod ... cnfrmret, a relative clause of purpose.
19. essent, subjunctive in informal indirect discourse, or by attraction to oblineret.
20. hominibus. See the note on 34, 24.
21. mgnitdine et vribus, ablative of specification.
40. 2. nihil valre, 'prevailed not.'
5. qu in r. See the note on 11, 25.
6. cnfcerit. See the note on 19, 22.
8. qus. See the note on _qubus_, 20, 1.
9. autem. See the note on 5, 8.
10. essent, subjunctive by attraction.
11. qudam, 'some.'
47
16. ggnerentur, 'should be born.' With dum, 'until,' the subjunctive is used of action anticipated, as with
antequam (see the note on possent, 27, 20).
19. omnibus agr partibus. See the note on 18, 6.
20. mrum in modum = _mr mod_.
25. nesci cr, 'for some reason.' See the note on 33, 14.
28. nll negti, 'with no trouble,' 'without difficulty.'
41. 3. qun tulisset. See the note on 37, 13.
15. quam prmum, 'as soon as possible.' See the note on 23, 2.
16. vectrum. See the note on _trditrum_, 39, 1.
17. Postrdi ius di. See the note on 36, 5.
19. loc. The antecedent is frequently thus repeated in the relative clause.
21. qu ... essent, 'to guard the ship.' See the note on 13, 16.
22. ipse. See the note on 21, 19.
27. qudam. This word may sometimes be rendered by the indefinite article.
28. dmnstrvimus. See the note on _nrrvimus_, 14, 17.
42. 5. dormit. See the note on fugit, 4, 25.
12. aliqu. Learn from the vocabulary the difference between _aliqus_ and _aliqu_.
mtrandum sibi, 'they ought to hasten,' more literally 'haste ought to be made by them'; mtrandum (_esse_)
is the impersonal passive, and sibi the so-called dative of the agent. With the gerundive the person who has
the thing to do is regularly expressed in the dative.
16. mrt. See the note on 25, 27.
20. ds. See the note on 38, 17.
21. vnisset. See the note on _accpissent_, 26, 21.
23. vigili. The Romans divided the day from sunrise to sunset into twelve hours (_hrae_), the night from
sunset to sunrise into four watches (_vigiliae_).
24. neque enim. See the note on 7, 12.
25. inimc anim, ablative of description.
43. 2. hc dolre, 'this anger,' _i.e_. 'anger at this.'
48
Nvem longam, 'war-galley,' 'man-of-war.' The adjective contrasts the shape of the man-of-war with that of
the merchantman.
4. fugients, used as a noun, 'the fugitives.'
6. qu, ablative of means.
7. qu, 'as,' but in the same construction as edem celeritte.
8. Quo ... caperentur. See the note on 37, 7.
9. neque ... posset, 'for the distance between them was not greater than a javelin could be thrown.' What is the
literal translation? The clause qu ... posset denotes result; the distance was not so great that a javelin could
not be thrown from one ship to the other.
11. vdisset. See the note on 36, 15.
15. fugins, 'when she fled.' See the note on fessus, 23, 15.
18. fl. See the note on 7, 8.
19. Neque ... fefellit, 'and Medea was not mistaken.' What is the literal meaning?
20. ubi prmum, 'as soon as,' literally 'when first.'
24. prius, not to be rendered until quam is reached. The two words together mean 'before,' more literally
'earlier than,' 'sooner than,' They are sometimes written together (_priusquam_).
25. nihil ... esse, 'that it would be of no advantage to him.'
44. 5. pollicitus erat. Verbs of promising do not usually take in Latin the simple present infinitive, as in
English, but the construction of indirect discourse.
10. mihi. The dative of reference is often used in Latin where we should use a possessive in English. Translate
here as if the word were meus, modifying dis.
11. Liceat mihi, 'permit me,' literally 'let it be permitted to me.' Commands and entreaties in the third person
are regularly expressed in the subjunctive.
dum vvam, 'so long as I live.' The verb with dum 'so long as' is not restricted to the present, as with dum
'while,' but any tense of the indicative may be used. We have here the future indicative, or the present
subjunctive by attraction.
12. t. The nominative of the personal pronouns is commonly expressed only when emphatic. Here the use of
the pronoun makes the promise more positive.
15. rem aegr tulit, 'was vexed.' Compare 39, 10.
20. Vultisne, the verb vultis and the enclitic _-ne_, which is used to introduce a question, and is incapable of
translation. Num (line 21) introduces a question to which a negative answer is expected, and is likewise not to
be translated, except in so far as its effect is reproduced by the form of the question or the tone of incredulity
with which the words are spoken.

28. effervsceret. See the note on 40, 16.
45. 3. stupents, 'in amazement.'
5. Vs. See the note on 44, 12. Vs and ego in the next sentence are contrasted.
7. Quod ubi. See the note on 28, 8.
10. necvrunt. See the note on _interfcit_, 13, 18.
13. qubus. For the case see the note on _qubus_, 34, 27.
15. r vr, 'really.'
18. aegr tulrunt, 'were indignant at.' Compare 39, 10, and 44, 15.
23. Creont. See the note on cui erant, 13, 5.
25. nntium, 'a notice of divorce.'
26. dceret. See the note on _dxit_, 6, 18.
28. ultram. See the note on 39, 1.
46. 1. Vestem. Compare the story of the death of Hercules, pp. 30, 31.
3. quis. See the note on 30, 3.
induisset, subjunctive by attraction.
5. nihil mal. See the note on 22, 26.
16. itaque, not the adverb itaque, but the adverb ita and the enclitic conjunction _-que_.
era. See the note on 4, 11.
21. in eam partem, 'to that side.'
ULYSSES
49. 4. nsidis. This refers to the story of the wooden horse.
9. quem, subject of excgitsse. The English idiom is 'who, some say, devised.' Notice that excgitsse is
contracted from _excgitvisse_.
10. qu, ablative of means.
19. aliae ... parts, 'some in one direction and some in another,' but Latin compresses this into the one clause
'others in other directions.'
20. qu. See the note on 43, 6.
49
50
26. quibusdam, dative with obviam fact, 'having fallen in with,' 'having met.'
27. Accidit. See the note on 30, 1.
50. 2. gustssent, contracted from _gustvissent_.
patriae et socirum. Verbs of remembering and forgetting take the genitive or the accusative, but _oblvscor_
prefers the former.
4. cib. See the note on 16, 19.
5. hr septim. See the note on 42, 23.
11. docurunt. See the note on 4, 26.
51. 6. tantum, the adverb.
23. s, 'they,' _i.e_. himself and his companions.
praedand caus, 'to steal.' Purpose is frequently thus expressed by _caus_ with the genitive of the gerund or
gerundive. What other ways of expressing purpose have you met in your reading?
24. Tri. The preposition is sometimes used with names of towns, with the meaning 'from the direction of'
or 'from the neighborhood of.'
25. esse. It will help you to understand indirect discourse if you will try to discover what words would be used
to express the idea in the direct form. Here, for instance, the exact words of Ulysses would have been in Latin:
_Neque merctrs sumus neque praedand caus vnimus; sed Tri redeunts v tempesttum rct
curs dpuls sumus_.
27. ubi ... essent. The question of Polyphemus was _Ubi est nvis qu vect estis_?
sibi ... esse, 'that he must be exceedingly careful.' See the note on _mtrandum sibi_, 42, 12.
29. in ... esse, 'had been driven on the rocks and entirely dashed to pieces.' See the note on _r ... interfcit_,
18, 4.
52. 1. membrs erum dvulss, 'tearing them limb from limb.'
4. n ... quidem. See the note on 34, 25.
6. tam. Notice that the force of a second demonstrative word is lost in the English rendering. So _hc tantus
vir_, 'this great man,' etc.
7. hum. See the note on 30, 16.
prstrtus, 'throwing himself down.' See the note on _continbantur_, 20, 26.
8. re gerendae, 'for action.' Compare 39, 8.
9. in e ... trnsfgeret, 'was on the point of transfixing.' The clause of result ut ... trnsfgeret is explanatory of
in e.
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13. nihil sibi prfutrum. See the note on 43, 25.

17. hc cnt. See the note on 13, 11.
18. nll ... oblt, 'since no hope of safety presented itself.' See the note on _continbantur_, 20, 26.
21. et. See the note on 28, 18.
23. ltri essent, 'would bring,' more literally 'were going to bring.' Notice that in subjunctive constructions the
periphrastic form is necessary to express future action clearly, since the subjunctive has no future.
25. quod, object of the implied _fcerat_.
53. 14. qu. See the note on 43, 7.
15. id ... salt, 'and this was his salvation,' literally 'that which was for safety to him.' For the datives see the
note on 13, 16.
20. tertium, the adverb.
22. Nminem. Why is the accusative used?
27. inquit. See the note on 14, 28.
28. quam faculttem, for _faculttem quam_. The antecedent is often thus attracted into the relative clause,
n omittmus, 'let us not neglect,' the hortatory subjunctive.
29. re gerendae. See the note on 52, 8.
54. 1. extrmum plum, 'the end of the stake.' Other adjectives denoting a part of the object named by the
noun they modify are medius, 'the middle of'; _cterus_, 'the rest of'; reliquus, 'the rest of'; _prmus_, 'the first
of'; summus, 'the top of'; _mus_, 'the bottom of.'
5. dum errat, 'wandering.'
23. pecus. Is this _pecus, pecoris_, or _pecus, pecudis_? See the note on pecora, 20, 26.
24. vnerat. We say 'came,' but the Latin by the use of the pluperfect denotes that this action preceded that of
trctbat.
55. 1. qus. See the note on quibus, 20, 1.
inter s. Compare 21, 20.
5. fore, 'would happen.'
15. aliquod. Compare 42, 12, and the note.
16. id ... erat, 'as was indeed the case.'
17. auxiliand caus. See the note on 51, 23.
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26. correptum conicit, 'seized and threw.'

27. nn ... submergerentur. See the note on 37, 7.
56. 4-6. These verses and those on p. 57 and p. 59 are quoted from Vergil's Aeneid.
6. vincls, for _vinculs_.
8. vrs. Let the quantity of the first i tell you from what nominative this word comes.
11. sibi proficscendum. See the note on _mtrandum sibi_, 42, 12.
13. iam profectr, 'as he was now about to set out.'
16. nvigant, 'to one sailing.'
25. mrbantur, 'had been wondering.' With iam ddum and similar expressions the imperfect denotes action
begun some time before and still going on at the given past time. This is similar to the use of the present
already commented on (see the note on es, 4, 1).
28. clta, plural because of the plural expression aurum et argentum.
57. 1. vent, subject of ruunt and perflant.
2. velut gmine fact, 'as if formed in column.'
3. data. Est is omitted.
10. pricissent. See the note on _accpissent_, 26, 21.
13. in terram grediendum esse, 'that a landing must be made.'
18. quam, an adverb modifying crdl.
19. essent, informal indirect discourse or subjunctive by attraction.
20. vellet, subjunctive of characteristic. This name is given to the subjunctive when used in relative clauses to
define or restrict an indefinite or general antecedent. So here it is not 'no one was found,' but 'no one willing to
undertake this task was found.'
21. dducta est, 'came.'
23. praeesset, subjunctive of purpose.
25. vnit. This verb takes the same construction as accidit, 30, 1.
58. 1. nihil. See the note on 37, 22.
2. mort. Compare 49, 26.
5. aliquantum itineris, 'some distance on the journey.' The two words are accusative of extent of space and
partitive genitive respectively.
53
11. sibi, 'for them,' dative of reference.

12. fors. This is translated like fors above, but the former was originally locative and is therefore used with
verbs of rest; the latter, accusative of place whither and therefore used with verbs of motion.
15. accuburunt. See the note on 37, 6.
25. perturbtus, used as a predicate adjective, 'agitated.'
27. corrept. See the note on 38, 8.
59. 1. quid. See the note on quis, 30, 3.
gravius, 'serious.'
e. The direct form of these two speeches would be: _S quid gravius tibi acciderit, omnium sals in summ
discrmine erit_; and _Nminem invtum mcum addcam; tibi licet, s mvs, in nv manre; ego ipse sine
ll praesidi rem suscipiam_. Notice that ego is not used to represent _s_ of line 2, but is used for _s_ of
line 4 for the sake of the contrast with tibi.
6. nll. Instead of the genitive and ablative of _nm_, _nllus_ and _nll_ are regularly used.
7. Alquantum itiners. See the note on 58, 5.
10. in e ... intrret. See the note on 52, 9.
11. e. Compare 49, 26, and 58, 2.
14. Circs, a Greek form of the genitive.
16. Num. See the note on 44, 20. Nnne (line 14) is used to introduce a question to which an affirmative
answer is expected.
18. nlls. See the note on 24, 3.
22. tetigerit. See the note on 30, 20.
t ... facis, 'see that you draw your sword and make an attack upon her.'
24. vss, 'sight,' The use of the plural is poetic.
25. tenuem ... auram. The order of the words here is poetic.
60. 1. atque, 'as.' After adjectives and adverbs denoting likeness and unlikeness, this use of atque is regular.
3. dpulsa est. See the note on 4, 26.
4. sibi. See the note on 58, 11.
11. ut ... erat, 'as he had been instructed,' more literally 'as had been enjoined upon him.' An intransitive verb
must be used impersonally in the passive, for it is the direct object of the active voice that becomes the subject
of the passive. If the intransitive verb takes a dative in the active, this dative is kept in the passive. Notice that
54
the corresponding English verbs are transitive, and that the dative may therefore be rendered as the object in
the active construction and as the subject in the passive.
13. snsisset. See the note on _vdissent_, 36, 15.
14. sibi vtam adimeret, 'take her life.' The dative of reference is thus used after some compound verbs to
name the person from whom a thing is taken. This construction is sometimes called the dative of separation.
15. timre perterritam. See the note on 14, 11.
20. e peds, 'his feet.' See the note on 44, 10.
21. impersset, contracted from _impervisset_.
22. in trium. See the note on 7, 3.
26. sunt, goes with reduct.
29. reliqus Graecs, indirect object of dceret.
30. Circaeam. Notice that this use of the adjective instead of the genitive often cannot be imitated in the
English rendering, but must be translated by the possessive case or a prepositional phrase.
61. 8. e persusum sit, 'he was persuaded.' See the note on 60, 11. The clause ut ... manret is the subject of
persusum sit; if the latter were active, the clause would be its object. For the tense of persusum sit see the
note on 19, 22.
10. cnsmpserat. See the note on 14, 3.
patriae, objective genitive, to be rendered, as often, with 'for.'
15. su. See the note on 34, 20.
23. antequam pervenret. We say 'before he could come.' See the note on possent, 27, 20.
24. hc loc. See the note on 24, 2.
longum est. We say 'would be tedious' or 'would take too long.'
VOCABULARY
ABBREVIATIONS
abl. = ablative. acc. = accusative. act. = active. adj. = adjective. adv. = adverb. comp. = comparative. conj. =
conjunction. dat. = dative. dem. = demonstrative. f. = feminine. freq. = frequentative. gen. = genitive. ger. =
gerundive. impers. = impersonal. indecl. = indeclinable. indef. = indefinite. infin. = infinitive. interrog. =
interrogative. loc. = locative. m. = masculine. n. = neuter. part. = participle. pass. = passive. perf. = perfect.
pers. = personal. plur. = plural. prep. = preposition. pron. = pronoun or pronominal. rel. = relative. sing. =
singular. superl. = superlative.
The hyphen in initial words indicates the composition of the words.
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A
or ab (the former never used before words beginning with a vowel or _h_), prep. with abl., _away from,
from; of; by_. abditus, -a, -um [part of abd], _hidden, concealed_. ab-d, -dere, -did, -ditus, _put away,
hide_. ab-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, lead or take away. ab-e, -re, -i, -itrus, _go away, depart_. abici,
-icere, -ic, -iectus [ab + iaci], throw away. abripi, -ripere, -ripu, -reptus [ab + rapi], _snatch away, carry
off_. abscd, -cdere, -cd, -csus [abs = ab + caed], cut away or off. ab-scind, -scindere, -scid, -scissus,
tear away or off. ab-sum, abesse, fu, futrus, _be away, be absent, be distant; be wanting_. ab-sm,
-smere, -smps, -smptus, _take away, consume, destroy_. Absyrtus, -, m., Absyrtus. ac, see atque.
Acastus, -, m., Acastus. accend, -cendere, -cend, -cnsus, _kindle, light_. accid, -cidere, -cid [ad + cad],
fall to or _upon; befall, happen_. accipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [ad + capi], _take to oneself, receive, accept;
hear; suffer_. accumb, -cumbere, -cubu, -cubitus, lie down (at table). accurr, -currere, -curr, -cursus [ad +
curr], _run to, come up_. cer, cris, cre, _sharp, shrill_. acis, -, f., line of battle. Acrisius, -, m.,
Acrisius. criter [cer], adv., _sharply, fiercely_. ad, prep. with acc., _to, toward; at, near; for_. ad-am,
-amre, -amv, -amtus, _feel love for, fall in love with_. ad-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _lead to, bring,
take; induce, influence_. ad-e, -re, -i, -itus, _go to, approach_. ad-fer, adferre, attul, adltus, _bear to,
bring_. adfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [ad + faci], _do to, move, affect; visit, afflict_. ad-flg, -flgere, -flxi,
-flctus, _dash to, shatter_. adhibe, -hibre, -hibu, -hibitus [ad + habe], _hold to, employ, show_. ad-hc,
adv., _to this point, up to this time, yet, still_. adici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [ad + iaci], _throw to, throw, hurl_.
adim, -imere, -m, -mptus [ad + em], _take to oneself, take away_. aditus, -s [ade], m., _approach,
entrance_. ad-iungo, -iungere, -inx, -inctus, _join to, join_. ad-lig, -ligre, -ligv, -ligtus, _bind to,
bind_. Admta, -ae, f., Admeta. ad-mror, -mrr, -mrtus, _wonder at, admire_. ad-mitt, -mittere, -ms,
-missus, _send to, admit; allow_. ad-st, -stre, -stit, stand at or near. adulscns, -entis, m., _youth, young
man_. adulscentia, -ae [adulscns], f., youth. ad-r, -rere, -ss, -stus, _set fire to, burn, scorch, sear_.
ad-veni, -venre, -vn, -ventus, come to or _toward, approach, arrive_. adventus, -s [adveni], m.,
_approach, arrival_. Aeacus, -, m., Aeacus. aedific, -re, -v, -tus [aedis + faci], _make a building,
build_. aedis, -is, f., sing. temple, plur. house. Aets, -ae, m., Aeetes. aegr [aeger, _sick_], adv., _ill, with
difficulty_. Aegypti,-rum, m. pl., Egyptians. aneus, -a, -um [aes], of copper or bronze. Aeolia, -ae [Aeolus],
f., Aeolia. Aeolus, -, m., Aeolus. r, eris, m., air. aes, aeris, n., _copper, bronze_. Aeson, -onis, m., Aeson.
aests, -ttis, f., summer. aets, -ttis, f., age. Aethiops, -um, m. plur., Ethiopians. Aetna, -ae, f., Etna. ager,
agri, m., _field, land_. gmen, -minis [ago], n., _band, column_. gnsc, -gnscere, -gnv, -gnitus [ad +
(g)nsc, _come to know], recognize_. ag, agere, g, ctus, _drive; do; pass, lead_; grtis agere, see grtia.
ala, -ae, f., wing. albus, -a, -um, white. Alcmna, -ae, f., Alcmena. alinus, -a, -um [alius], _belonging to
another, out of place_. ali-quand, adv., _at some time or other; finally, at length_. ali-quantum, -quant, n.,
somewhat. ali-qu, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj., _some, any_. ali-quis, -quid, indef. pron., _someone, any
one, something, anything, some, any_. aliter [alius], adv., _in another way, otherwise, differently_. alius, -a,
-ud, _another, other_; ali ... ali, _some ... others. al, -ere, -u, -tus, nourish. Alps, -ium, f. plur., Alps. alter,
-era, -erum, one or the other (of two); _another, second_. altus, -a, -um [part, of al], _high, deep_; altum, -,
n., the deep. Amzons,-um, f. plur.,Amazons. mentia, -ae [ + mns, _mind_], f., madness. amcus, -, m.,
friend. -mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send away, lose_. am, -re, -v, -tus, love. amor, -ris [am], m.,
love. -move, -movre, -mv, -mtus, move away. amphora, -ae, f., _jar, bottle_. an, conj., or (in questions).
ancora, -ae, f., _anchor_; in ancors, at anchor. Andromeda, -ae, f., Andromeda. anguis, -is, m. and f.,
_serpent, snake_. anima, -ae, f., _breath, soul, life_. animadvert, -vertere, -vert, -versus [animus + ad-vert],
_turn the mind to, observe_. animus, -, m., _mind; heart; spirit, courage_. annus, -, m., year. ante, prep, with
acc. and adv., before. ante [ante], adv., before. antecell, -cellere, _surpass, excel_. ante-quam, conj., _before
than, sooner than, before_. antquus, -a, -um, ancient. antrum, -, n., cave. nxius, -a, -um, anxious. aper, apr,
m., wild boar. aperi, -re, -u, -tus, open. apertus, -a, -um [part, of aperi], open. Apollo, -inis, m., Apollo.
appell, -pellre, -pellv, -pelltus, _call, name_. appell, -pellere, -pul, -pulsus [ad + pell], _drive to, bring
to_; with or without nvem, put in. appet, -petere, -petv, -pettus [ad + pet], draw near. appn, -pnere,
-posu, -positus [ad + pn], put to or _near, set before, serve_. appropinqu, -propinqure, -propinquv,
-propinqutus [ad + propinqu], _approach to, approach_. apud, prep, with acc., _among, with_. aqua, -ae, f.,
water. ra, -ae, f., altar. arbitror, -r, -tus, _consider, think, judge_. arbor, -oris, f., tree. arca, -ae, f., _chest,
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box, ark_. Arcadia,-ae, f., Arcadia. arcess, -ere, -v, -tus, _call, summon, fetch_. arcus, -s, m., bow. rde,
rdre, rs, rsus, _be on fire, burn_. argentum, -, n., silver. Arg, Argus, f., the Argo. Argolicus, -a, -um, of
Argolis (the district of Greece in which Tiryns was situated), Argolic. Argonautae, -rum [Arg + nauta], m.
plur., Argonauts. Argus, -, m., Argus. aris, -etis, m., ram. arma, -rum, n. plur., _arms, weapons_. armtus,
-a, -um [part, of arm], armed. arm, -re, -vi, -tus [arma], _arm, equip_. ar, -re, -v, -tus, plow. ars,
artis, f., art. ascend, -scendere, -scend, -scnsus [ad + scand], _climb to, ascend, mount_. aspici, -spicere,
-spx, -spectus [ad + speci], look at or _on, behold_. at, conj., but. Athnae, -rum, f. plur., Athens. Atls,
-antis, m., Atlas. atque or ac (the latter never used before words beginning with a vowel or _h_), conj., _and_;
after words of comparison, _as, than_. trium, -, n., hall. atting, -tingere, -tig, -tctus [ad + tango], touch at.
audcia, -ae [audx, _bold_], f., _boldness, audacity_. aude, audre, ausus sum, dare. audi, -re, -v, -tus,
_hear; listen_ or attend to. aufer, auferre, abstul, abltus [ab + fer], _bear away, carry off_. aufugi,
-fugere, -fg [ab + fugi], flee or run away. Augs, -ae, m., Augeas. aura, -ae, f., _air, breeze_. aureus, -a,
-um [aurum], _of gold, golden_. auris, -is, f., ear. aurum, -, n., gold. aut, conj., _or_; aut ... aut, _either ... or_.
autem, conj., _moreover; but, however; now_. auxilior, -ri, -tus [auxilium], help. auxilium, -, n., _help,
aid_. -veh, -vehere, -vex, -vectus, carry away. avis, -is, f., bird. -vol, -volre, -volv, -voltrus, fly
away. avus, -, m., grandfather.
B
baculum, -, n., _stick, wand_. balteus, -, m.., _belt, girdle_. barbarus, -a, -um, barbarian. betus, -a, -um,
_happy, blessed_. bellicsus, -a, -um [bellum], _war-like_. bellum, -, n., war. blua, -ae, f., _beast, monster_.
bene [bonus], adv., _well; successfully_. beneficium, - [bene + faci], n., _well-doing, kindness, service,
benefit_. bengn [bengnus, _kind_], adv., kindly. bengnits, -ttis [bengnus, _kind_], f., kindness. bib,
bibere, bib, drink. biceps, -cipitis [bi- + caput], adj., _two-headed_. bonus, -a, -um, good. bs, bovis, gen.
plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bbus, m. and f., _ox, bull, cow_. bracchium, -, n., arm. brevis, -e, short.
Bsris, -idis, m., Busiris.
C
Ccus, -, m., Cacus. cadver, -eris, n., _dead body, corpse, carcass_. cad, cadere, cecid, csrus, fall.
caecus, -a, -um, blind. caeds, -is [caed, _cut_], f., _cutting down, killing, slaughter_. caelum, -, n., _heaven,
sky_. Calais, -is, m., Calais. calamits, -ttis, f., _misfortune, calamity, disaster_. calceus, -, m., shoe.
calefaci, -facere, -fc, -factus [cale, be hot + faci], make hot. calor, -ris [cale, _be hot_], m., heat.
campus, -, m., _plain, field_. cancer, cancr, m., crab. canis, -is, m. and f., dog. cant, -re, -v, -tus [freq.
of can, _sing_], sing. cantus, -s [can, _sing_], m., _singing, song_. capi, capere, cp, captus, _take, catch,
seize; receive, suffer; adopt_. captvus, -a, -um [capi], captive. caput, capitis, n., head. carcer, -eris, m.,
prison. carmen, -minis [can, _sing_], n., _song, charm_. car, carnis, f., flesh. carp, -ere, -s, -tus, pluck.
Castor, -oris, m., Castor. castra, -rum, n. plur., camp. cs [abl. of csus], adv., _by chance, accidentally_.
csus, -s [cad], m., _fall; chance, accident_. catna, -ae, f., chain. cauda, -ae, f., tail. causa, -ae, f., _cause,
reason_; abl. caus, for the sake of. cave, cavre, cv, cautus, _beware, take care; be on one's guard against,
beware of_. celeber, celebris, celebre, _frequented; renowned, celebrated_. celerits, -ttis [celer, _swift_], f.,
_swiftness, quickness, speed_. celeriter [celer, _swift_], adv., _swiftly, quickly_. cl, -re, -v, -tus, _hide,
conceal_. cna, -ae, f., dinner. cnculum, - [cna], n., _dining-room_. Cnaeum, -, n., Cenaeum (a
promontory of Euboea). cn, -re, -v, -tus [cna], dine. cnse, cnsre, cnsu, cnsus, _think, believe,
consider_. centaurus, -, m., centaur. centum, indecl. adj., one hundred. Cpheus, -, m., Cepheus. Cerberus,
-, m., Cerberus. Ceres, Cereris, f., Ceres. cern, cernere, crv, certus or crtus, _discern, perceive, make
out_. certmen, -minis [cert, _strive_], n., _struggle, contest_. cert [abl. of certus], adv., _with certainty, for
certain, certainly_. certus, -a, -um [part. of cern], _determined, fixed, certain_; certirem facere, _to make
more certain, inform_. cervus, -, m., stag. cter, -ae, -a, plur. adj., _the other, the remaining, the rest of_.
Charn, -ontis, m., Charon. cibus, -, m., food. cing, cingere, cinx, cinctus, _surround, gird_. Circ, -s, f.,
Circe. Circaeus, -a, -um [Circ], of Circe. circiter, prep. with acc. and adv., about. circum, prep. with acc.,
around. circum-d, -dare, -ded, -datus, _put around, surround_. circum-st, -stre, -stet, stand around.
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citerior, -ius [comp. from citr, _on this side of_], adj., _on this side, hither_. cithara, -ae, f., _cithara, lute,
lyre_. citharoedus, - [cithara], m., citharoedus (one who sings to the accompaniment of the cithara). cvis, -is,
m. and f., _citizen, fellow-citizen, subject_. cvits, -ttis [cvis], f., state. clmit, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of
clm, _call out_], call out. clamor, -ris [clm, _call out_], m., _shout, cry_. clva, -ae, f., club. clmentia,
-ae [clmns, _merciful_], f., _mercy, kindness_. coep, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed
action), _have begun, began_. cgit, -re, -v, -tus, _consider, think over_. cgnsc, -gnscere, -gnv,
-gnitus [com- + (g)nsc, _come to know_], _find out, learn_; in tenses of completed action, _have found out,
know_. cg, cgere, cog, coctus [co- + ag], _drive together, collect; compel_. co-hortor, -hortr,
-horttus, _encourage, exhort_. Colch, -rum, m. plur., Colchians. Colchis, -idis, f., Colchis. collum, -, n.,
neck. col, colere, colu, cultus, _till, cultivate; inhabit; worship_. color, -ris, m., color. columba, -ae, f.,
_pigeon, dove_. columna, -ae, f., _column, pillar_. comes, -itis [com- + e], m. and f., companion.
commetus, -s, m., _supplies, provisions_. com-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send together; commit,
intrust; expose_; proelium committere, to join battle. com-moror, -morr, -mortus, _tarry, linger, delay,
stay_. com-move, -movre, -mv, -mtus, _move, rouse; disturb_. com-mtti, -tinis, f., change.
com-par, -parre, -parv, -partus, _prepare, collect_. com-pell, -pellere, -pul, -pulsus, _drive together,
drive_. complector, -plect, -plexus, embrace. com-ple, -plre, -plv, -pltus, _fill full, fill up_. com-plrs,
-plra, plur. adj., _several, many_. com-port, -portre, -portv, -porttus, carry or _bring together, collect_.
com-prehend, -prehendere, -prehend, -prehnsus, _seize, catch_. comprim, -primere, -press, -pressus
[com- + prem], _press together, squeeze, compress_. cntus, -s [cnor], m., _attempt, effort_. con-cd,
-cdere, -cess, -cessus, _grant, yield_. con-curr, -currere, -curr, -cursus, _run, rush_, or dash together.
con-d, -dere, -did, -ditus, _put together, found; store away_. cn-fer, cnferre, contul, conltus, _bring
together; grant, confer_; s cnferre, _to betake oneself, make one's way_. cnfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus
[com- + faci], make or _do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out_. cn-frm, -frmre,
-frmv, -frmtus, _strengthen, establish; declare, assert_. cn-flg, -flgere, -flx, -flctus, dash together.
conici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [com- + iaci], _throw together; throw, cast, hurl_. con-iung, -iungere, -inx,
-inctus, _join together, join_. coninx, coniugis [coniung], m. and f., _spouse, husband, wife_. conlig,
-ligere, -lg, -lctus [com- + leg], _gather together, collect_. con-loc, -locre, -locv, -loctus, _place
together, put, place_. conloquium, - [conloquor, _talk together_], n., conversation. cnor, -r, -tus, _try,
attempt_. cnscend, -scendere, -scend, -scnsus [com- + scand, _climb_], _climb_; nvem cnscendere,
_to climb the ship, go on board, embark_. cnsnsus, -s [cnsenti, _agree]_, m., _agreement, consent_.
cn-sequor, -sequ, -sectus, _follow up, follow; overtake_. cn-serv, -servre, -servv, -servtus, _preserve,
keep_. cn-sd, -sdere, -sd, -sessus, sit down. cnsilium, - [cnsul], n., _advice; plan, design, purpose;
prudence_. cn-sist, -sistere, -stit, -stitus, _station oneself, take one's stand; consist_. cnspectus, -s
[cnspici], m., sight. cnspici, -spicere, -spx, -spectus [com- + speci, _look_], _behold, perceive, see_.
cnstitu, -stituere, -stitu, -stittus [com- + statu], set together or _up; appoint; determine_. cn-st, -stre,
-stit, -sttrus, _stand together, agree; consist_; cnstat, _it is agreed, is well known_. cn-susc, -suscere,
-suv, -sutus, _become accustomed_; in tenses of completed action, _have become accustomed, be
accustomed_ or wont. cnsul, -ere, -u, -tus, consult. cn-sm, -smere, -smps, -smptus, _take
completely, use up, consume, spend_. con-teg, -tegere, -tx, -tctus, cover. con-tend, -tendere, -tend,
-tentus, _stretch, hasten_. continns, -entis [contine], f., _'mainland, continent_. contine, -tinre, -tinu,
-tentus [com- + tene], _hold together, keep within, shut up in; bound_. continuus, -a, -um [contine],
_continuous, successive_. contr, prep, with acc., _against, contrary to_. contrversia, -ae, f., _quarrel,
dispute, debate_. con-veni, -venre, -vn, -ventus, _come together, assemble_. con-vert, -vertere, -vert,
-versus, _turn round, turn, change_; in fugam convertere, to put to flight. con-voc, -vocre, -vocv, -voctus,
_call together, summon, assemble_. co-orior, -orr, -ortus, arise. cpia, -ae, f., _supply, abundance_; plur.,
_forces, troops_. Corinthus, -, m., Corinth. corium, -, n., _hide, leather_. corn, -s, n., horn. corpus,
corporis, n., body. corripi, -ripere, -ripu, -reptus [com- + rapi], _seize, snatch, snatch up_. cottdi, adv.,
_daily, every day_. crdibilis, -e [crd], credible. crd, -dere, -did, -ditus, believe. cre, -re, -v, -tus,
_elect, appoint_. Cren, -ontis, m., Creon. creptus, -s [crep, _rattle_], m., _rattle, clatter_. crepundia, -rum
[crep, _rattle_], n. plur., rattle. Crta, -ae, f., Crete. crucitus, -s [cruci, _torture_], m., torture. crdlis, -e,
cruel. crs, crris, n., leg. cubiculum, - [cub], n., bedroom. cub, -re, -u, _lie down, lie, recline_. culter,
cultr, m., knife. cum, prep, with abl., with. cum, conj., _when, while, after; since; although_. cnae, -arum, f.
58
plur., cradle. cupidits, -ttis [cupidus], f., _desire, longing, eagerness_. cupidus, -a, -um [cupi], _desirous,
eager_. cupi, -ere, -v, -tus, _desire, long for, wish_. cr, adv., why. curr, currere, cucurr, cursus, run.
cursus, -s, m., chariot. cursus, -s [curr], m., running, course. custdi, -re, -v, -tus [custs, _guard],
guard_. Cyclps, -is, m., Cyclops Cyzicus, -, f., Cyzicus.
D
damnum, -, n., _harm, injury_. Dana, -s, f., Danae. d, prep, with abl., down from, _from, out of; about,
concerning_, of. dbe, -re, -u, -itus [d+ habe], _owe_; with infin., ought. dbitus, -a, -um [part, of dbe],
_owed, due_. d-cd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus, _go away, depart_. decem, indecl. adj., ten. dcid, -cidere,
-cid [d + cad], fall down. decimus, -a, -um [decem], tenth. dcipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [d + capi],
_catch, deceive_. decor, -re, -v, -tus [decus, _adornment], adorn, distinguish_. d-curr, -currere,
-cucurr, -cursus, run down. d-decus, -decoris, n., dishonor, disgrace. d-d, -dere, -did, -ditus, give away or
up. d-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, lead down or _away, bring_; nvem ddcere, to draw down or launch a
ship. d-fend, -fendere, -fend, -fnsus, _ward off; defend_. d-fer, -ferre, -tul, -ltus, bear or carry away or
off. d-fessus, -a, -um, worn out, exhausted. dfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [d + faci], fail. Dianra, -ae, f.,
Dejanira. dici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [d + iaci], _throw down, cast, drive out of one's course_. deinde, adv.,
_then, next_. d-lbor, -lb, -lapsus, slip or fall down. dlig, -ligere, -lg, -lctus [d + leg], _choose out,
choose, select_. Delph, -rum, m. plur., Delphi. Delphicus, -a, -um [Delph], _of Delphi, Delphic, Delphian_.
dmissus, -a, -um [part. of dmitt], _downcast, dejected_. d-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send down, let
fall_; anims dmittere, to lose courage. d-mnstr, -mnstrre, -mnstrv, -mnstrtus, _point out, show;
make known_. dmum, adv., at last. dnique, adv., _lastly, finally_. dns, dentis, m., tooth. dnsus, -a, -um,
thick. d-pell, -pellere, -pul, -pulsus, drive off or _away, drive_. d-plr, -plrre, -plrv, -plrtus,
lament. d-pn, -pnere, -posu, -positus, _put down, deposit; lay aside, give up_; memori dpnere, to
forget. dripi, -ripere, -ripu, -reptus [d + rapi], _snatch away, tear off, pull down_. dscend, -scendere,
-scend, -scnsus [d + scand], _climb down, descend_. d-ser, -serere, -seru, -sertus, desert. dsertus, -a,
-um [part, of dser], deserted. dsderium, - [dsder, _desire]_, n., _desire, longing_. dsili, -silre, -silu,
-sultus [d + sali], leap down. d-sist, -sistere, -stit, -stitus, _set down; leave off, desist, cease, stop_.
d-spr, -sprre, -sprv, -sprtus, despair. d-super, adv., down from above. d-terre, -terrre, -terru,
-territus, _frighten off, deter_. d-trah, -trahere, -trx, -trctus, draw or pull off. deus, -, m., god. d-vert,
-vertere, -vert, turn away or aside. d-vor, -vorre, -vorv, -vortus, _swallow down, swallow, devour_.
dexter, -tra, -trum, right. dextra, -ae [dexter], f., right hand (manus understood). Dina, -ae, f., Diana. dc,
dcere, dx, dictus, _say, speak_; diem dcere, to appoint or set a day. dis, -, m. and f., day. difficilis, -e
[dis- + facilis], _not easy, difficult_. difficultas, -ttis [difficilis], f., difficulty. diffund, -fundere, -fd, -fsus
[dis- + fund], _pour forth, spread_ or _shed abroad, diffuse_. dligenter [dligns, _careful_], adv.,
_carefully, diligently_. dligentia, -ae [dligns, _careful_], f., _care, diligence, industry_. d-lcsc,
-lcscere, -lx, _grow light, dawn_. dlcid [dlcidus, _distinct_], adv., _distinctly, plainly_. d-mitt,
-mittere, -ms, -missus, _send different ways, send forth_ or _away, despatch; let slip, lose_. Diomds, -is,
m., Diomedes. drus, -a, -um, dreadful. dis-cd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus, _go apart, withdraw, depart_. disc,
discere, didic, learn. discrmen, -crminis, n., _crisis, peril, danger_. discus, -, m., _discus, quoit_. disici,
-icere, -ic, -iectus [dis- + iaci], _throw apart, scatter_. di, adv., _for a long time, a long time_ or _while,
long_; comp. ditius, longer. d-vell, -vellere, -vell, -vulsus, _tear apart, rend asunder, tear in pieces_.
dversus, -a, -um [part. of dverto], _turned different ways, opposite, contrary, different_. dvid, -videre, -vs,
-vsus, _divide, separate_. d, dare, ded, datus, give. doceo, -re, -u, -tus, _teach, explain_. dolor, -ris
[dole, _be in pain_], m., _pain, grief; anger_. dolus, -, m., _trick, craft_. domina, -ae, f., mistress. domus,
-s, f., _house, home_. dnum, - [do], n., gift. dormi, -re, -v, sleep. drac, -nis, m., _dragon, serpent_.
dubit, -re, -v, -tus [dubius], _doubt, hesitate_. dubius, -a, -um, _doubtful, uncertain_. dc, dcere, dx,
ductus [dux], _lead; make, dig_; with or without in mtrimnium, marry. ddum, adv., _formerly, of old_;
iam ddum, this long time. dulcd, -inis [dulcis], f., sweetness. dulcis, -e, sweet. dum, conj., _while, as; as
long as; until_. duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj., two. duodecim [duo + decem], indecl. adj., twelve. duo-d-vgint,
indecl. adj., eighteen. dux, ducis, m. and f., _leader, commander_.
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E
, see ex. brius, -a, -um, drunk. -dc, -dcere, -dx, -dictus, _declare, proclaim, appoint_. -d, -dere, -did,
-ditus, _put forth, give out, utter_. -dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _lead out, draw_. effervsc, -fervscere,
-ferbu [ex + fervsc], boil up or _over, boil_. effici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [ex + faci], make or _work out,
accomplish, effect_. effl, -flre, -flv, -fltus [ex + fl], breathe out. effugio, -fugere, -fg [ex + fugi], flee
out or _away, escape_. effund, -fundere, -fd, -fsus [ex + fund], pour out. ego, me, pers. pron., I.
gredior, -gred, -gressus [ + gradior], go out or _forth, go ashore, disembark_. gregi [gregius,
_excellent_], adv., _excellently, splendidly, admirably_. lis, -idis, f., Elis. Elysius, -a, -um, Elysian. -mitt,
-mittere, -ms, -missus, send out or forth. enim, conj., for. -nnti, -nntire, -nntiv, -nntitus, _speak
out, announce, make known_. e, re, i, itus, go. e [is], adv., _to that place, thither_. equus, -, m., horse.
rctus, -a, -um [part, of rig], _upright, erect_. erg, prep, with acc., _toward, for_. Ergnus, -, m., Erginus.
ridanus, -, m., Eridanus. rig, -rigere, -rx, -rctus [ + reg], raise or _set up, raise, lift; cheer,
encourage_. ripi, -ripere, -ripu, -reptus [ + rapi], snatch out or _away, rescue_. err, -re, -v, -tus,
_wander, stray; be mistaken_. rudi, -rudre, -rudv, -rudtus, instruct. Erymanthius, -a, -um, _of
Erymanthus, Erymanthian_. Erytha, -ae, f., Erythia. et, conj., _and_; et ... et, _both ... and_. etiam [et + iam],
adv., _and now, also, too, even_. et-s, conj., _even if, although_. Eunomus, -, m., Eunomus. Eurpa, -ae, f.,
Europe. Eurylochus, -, m., Eurylochus. Eurystheus, -, m., Eurystheus. Eurytin, -nis, m., Eurytion. Eurytus,
-, m., Eurytus. -vd, -vdere, -vs, -vsus, _go forth, get away, escape_. -vnsc, -vnscere, -vnu,
vanish away. -veni, -venre, -vn, -ventus, _come out; turn out, happen, befall_. -voc, -vocre, -vocv,
-voctus, _call out, challenge_. -vom, -vomere, -vomu, -vomitus, vomit forth. ex or (the latter never used
before words beginning with a vowel or _h_), prep. with abl., _out of, from; of_. ex-anim, -animre,
-animv, -animtus, _put out of breath, fatigue, tire, exhaust; stupefy; kill_. ex-rdsc, -rdscere, -rs,
-rsus, _blaze out, be inflamed, rage_. ex-cd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus, go out or _forth, depart_. excipi,
-cipere, -cp, -ceptus [ex + capi], take out or _up, receive, welcome, entertain_. ex-cit, -citre, -citv,
-cittus, _call out, arouse_. ex-clm, -clmre, -clmv, -clmtus, _cry out, exclaim_. excld, -cldere,
-cls, -clsus [ex + claud], _shut out, hinder, prevent_. ex-cgit, -cgitre, -cgitv, -cgittus, _think out,
contrive, devise, invent_. ex-cruci, -crucire, -cruciv, crucitus, torture. ex-e, -re, -i, -itus, go out.
exerce, -ercre, -ercu, -ercitus, exercise. exercitti, -nis [exerce], f., exercise. exercitus, -s, m., army.
ex-haurio, -haurre, -haus, -haustus, drink up or _off, drain_. exstim, -stimre, -stimv, -stimtus [ex +
aestimo, _value], consider, believe, think_. ex-orior, -orr, -ortus, _arise from, spring up, rise_. ex-pell,
-pellere, -pul, -pulsus, _drive out, expel_. ex-pi, -pire, -piv, -pitus, expiate. explrtor, -ris [explr],
m., _explorer, scout, spy_. ex-plr, -plrre, -plrv, -plrtus, _search out, explore_. ex-pn, -pnere,
-posu, -positus, _put out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain_. exprim, -primere, -press, -pressus [ex +
prem], press out. exsili, -silre, -silu [ex + sali], leap out or forth. exsilium, - [exsul, _exile_], n., exile.
ex-spect, -spectre, -spectv, -specttus, _look out for, wait for, await, expect; wait_. ex-spr, -sprre,
-sprv, -sprtus, breathe out. ex-stru, -struere, -strx, -strctus, pile or _heap up, build, erect_. extempl,
adv., _immediately, straightway, at once_. ex-trah, -trahere, -trx, -trctus, draw or _drag out, release,
rescue_. extrmus, -a, -um, _last, extreme, furthest_. exu, -uere, -u, -tus, put or take off.
F
faber, fabr, m., smith. fabricor, -r, -tus [faber], _make, fashion_. fbula, -ae [for, _speak_], f., story. facile
[facilis, _easy_], adv., easily. facinus, facinoris [faci], n., _deed, crime_. faci, facere, fc, factus, _make,
do_; iter facere, see iter. facults, -ttis [facilis, _easy_], f., _possibility, opportunity, chance, means_. fall,
fallere, fefell, falsus, deceive. falsus, -a, -um [part. of fall], _feigned, pretended, false_. falx, falcis, f.,
_sickle; curved sword, falchion_. fma, -ae [for, _speak_], f., _report, rumor_. fams, -is, abl. fam, f.,
hunger. fr, farris, n., _grain; meal_. ftum, - [part. of for, _speak_], n., _destiny, fate_. faucs, -ium, f. plur.,
throat. fax, facis, f., _torch, firebrand_. flciter [flx, _happy_], adv., _happily, fortunately, successfully_.
fmina, -ae, f., woman. fera, -ae [ferus, _wild_], f., _wild animal, beast_. fer, adv., _nearly, about, almost, for
the most part_. fer, ferre, tul, ltus, _bear, bring_. ferx, -cis [ferus, _wild_], adj., _fierce, savage_. ferreus,
-a, -um [ferrum, _iron_], _of iron, iron_. ferve, -re, _boil; glow, burn_. fessus, -a, -um, _exhausted, worn
60
out, weary_. figra, -ae, f., _form, shape, figure_. flia, -ae, f., daughter. flius, -, m., son. fing, fingere, finx,
fictus, _invent, make up_. fnis, -is, m., _end, boundary; _ plur., _borders, territory, country_. fnitimus, -a,
-um [fnis], _neighboring, adjoining_. f, fier, factus sum, be done or _made, become, happen_. flamma, -ae,
f., flame. flmen, -minis [flu, _flow_], n., river. fns, fontis, m., _fountain, spring_. fors [foris], adv., _out
of doors, forth, out_. fors [foris], adv., _out of doors, without_. foris, -is, f., door. frma, -ae, f., _form,
appearance; beauty_. frmsus, -a, -um [frma], beautiful. forte [fors, _chance_], adv., _by chance,
accidentally_. fortis, -e, brave. fortiter [fortis], adv., bravely. fortna, -ae [fors, _chance_], f., fortune. fossa,
-ae [part. of fodi, _dig_], f., _ditch, trench_. frang, frangere, frg, frctus, _break; dash to pieces, wreck_.
frter, frtris, m., brother. fraus, fraudis, f., _deception, fraud_. fremitus, -s [frem, _roar_], m., _roaring,
roar_. frn, -re, -v, -tus [frnum, _bridle_], _bridle, restrain_. fretum, -, n., strait. frns, frontis, f.,
forehead. frctus, -s [fruor, _enjoy_], m., _enjoyment; fruit_. frmentor, -r, -tus [frmentum], _fetch
grain, forage_. frmentum, - [fruor, _enjoy_], n., grain. frstr, adv., in vain. fuga, -ae, f., flight. fugi,
fugere, fg, fugitrus [fuga], _flee, run away_. fmus, -, m., smoke. furor, -ris [fur, _rage_], m., _rage,
fury, frenzy, madness_. frtum, - [fr, _thief_], n., theft.
G
galea, -ae, f., helmet. Gallia, -ae, f., Gaul. gaude, gaudre, gvsus, _be glad, rejoice_. gaudium, - [gaude],
n., _gladness, joy_. gns, gentis, f., _race, nation_. genus, generis, n., _kind, nature_. ger, gerere, gess,
gestus, _carry, wear; carry on, do_. Gryn, -onis, m., Geryon. ggn, ggnere, genu, genitus, _produce, bring
forth_. gladius, -, m., sword. Glauc, -s, f., Glauce. glria, -ae, f., glory. Gorg, -onis, f., Gorgon. Graeae,
-rum, f. plur., the Graeae. Graecia, -ae [Graecus], f., Greece. Graecus, -a, -um, Greek. grtia, -ae [grtus], f.,
_favor; gratitude, thanks_; plur., _thanks_; grtis agere, _to give thanks, thank_; grtiam referre, _to return a
favor, show gratitude, requite_. grtus, -a, -um, _pleasing, grateful_. gravis, -e, _heavy; severe, grievous,
serious_. graviter [gravis], adv., _severely, seriously_. gubern, -re, -v, -tus, steer. gust, -re, -v, -tus,
taste.
H
habe, -re, -u, -itus, _have, hold; consider_. habit, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of habe], _dwell, inhabit_. Hds,
-ae, m., Hades. haere, haerre, haes, haesrus, _stick; hesitate_. haesit, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of haere],
hesitate. Hammn, -nis, m., Hammon. harna, -ae, f., _sand; shore_. Harpiae, -rum, f. plur., Harpies. haud,
adv., _not at all, by no means, not_. haudququam [haud + quisquam], adv., _in no wise, not at all_. hauri,
haurre, haus, haustus, draw. herba, -ae, f., _herb, plant_. Herculs, -is, m., Hercules. Hsion, -s, f.,
Hesione. Hesperids, -um, f. plur., the Hesperides. hesternus, -a, -um [her, _yesterday_], _of yesterday,
yesterday's_, hesternus dis, yesterday. hc [hc], adv., _here; hereupon_. hc, haec, hc, dem. pron., _this_;
ille ... hc, _that ... this, the former ... the latter_. hinc [hc], adv., _from this place, hence_. Hippolyt, -s, f.,
Hippolyte. Hispnia, -ae, f., Spain. Homrus, -, m., Homer. hom, hominis, m., man. honor, -ris, m., honor.
hra, -ae, f., hour. horribilis, -e [horre, _shudder_], _dreadful, terrible, horrible_. hortor, -r, -tus, _exhort,
encourage, urge_. hortus, -, m., garden. hospitium, - [hospes, _host_], n., hospitality. hostis, -is, m. and f.,
_enemy, foe_. hc [hc], adv., _to this place, hither_. hmnus, -a, -um [hom], _of man, human_. hum [loc.
of humus, _ground_], adv., on the ground. Hydra, -ae, f., Hydra. Hyls, -ae, m., Hylas.
I
iace, -re, -u, _lie, be prostrate_. iaci, iacere, ic, iactus, _throw, cast, hurl_. iam, adv., _now, already_.
inua, -ae, f., door. Isn, -onis, m., Jason. ibi [is], adv., _in that place, there_. ctus, -s [c, _strike_], m.,
blow. dem, eadem, idem [is], dem. pron., _the same_; sometimes to be translated _likewise, also_. idneus,
-a, -um, _suitable, fit; favorable_. igitur, conj., therefore. gnrus, -a, -um [in-, not + gnrus, _knowing_],
ignorant. gnvus, -a, -um [in-, not + gnvus, _active_], _lazy, cowardly_. gnis, -is, m., fire. gnr, -re, -v,
-tus, _ be ignorant of_. gntus, -a, -um [in-, not + ntus], unknown. lias, -adis, f., the Iliad. ille, illa, illud,
dem. pron., _that; he, she, it, they_; ille ... hc, see hc. imber, imbris, m., _rain, shower_. imbu, -buere, -bu,
61
-btus, _wet, soak, dip_. immnits, -ttis [immnis, _cruel_], f., _cruelty, barbarity_. immitt, -mittere, -ms,
-missus, send or let in. immol, -molre, -molv, -moltus [in + mola], sacrifice (the victim was sprinkled
with consecrated meal). impedi, -pedre, -pedv, -pedtus [in + ps], _hinder, prevent, impede_. impell,
-pellere, -pul, -pulsus [in + pell], drive or _urge on, incite, urge_. impertor, -ris [imper], m.,
_commander, general_. impertum, - [part, of imper], n., _command, order_. impertus, -a, -um [in-, not +
pertus], _inexperienced, unskilled, ignorant_. imperium, - [imper], n., _command; sway, rule_. imper,
-perre, -perv, -pertus, _command, order, enjoin_. impetr, -petrre, -petrv, -petrtus, _gain one's end,
obtain_ (a request). impetus, -s [in + pet], m., _attack_; impetum facere, to charge. impn, -pnere, -posu,
-positus [in + pn], place or _lay upon, impose; embark_. improbus, -a, -um [in-, not + probus, _upright_],
wicked. in, prep, with acc., _into, in, to, upon_; with abl., _in, on_. incid, -cidere, -cid [in + cad], fall into
or upon. incld, -cldere, -cls, -clsus [in + claud, _shut_], _shut up in, inclose, imprison_. incola, -ae
[incol], m. and f., inhabitant. in-col, -colere, -colu, inhabit. incolumis, -e, _unhurt, safe_. in-commodum,
-, n., inconvenience. in-crdibilis, e, incredible. in-dc, -dcere, dx, -ductus, lead in or _on, move, excite_.
indu, induere, indu, indtus, _put on; clothe_. in-e, -re, -i, -itus, _go into, enter; adopt_. nfandus, -a, -um
[in-, not + ger. of for, _speak_], _unspeakable, monstrous_. nfns, -fantis [in-, not + part. of for, _speak_], m.
and f., _infant, babe_. nfectus, -a, -um [in-, not + part. of faci], _not done, undone, unaccomplished_.
n-flx, -flcis, adj., _unhappy, unfortunate_. nfer, -rum [nferus, _below_], m. plur., _inhabitants of the
underworld, the dead, the shades_. nfer, nferre, intul, inltus, bring in or _against, wage against; inflict_.
nfstus, -a, -um, _unsafe, dangerous_. nfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [in + faci], _stain, dye_. n-fund,
-fundere, -fd, -fsus, pour in or upon. ingns, -gentis, adj., _huge, vast_. inici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [in
+iaci], throw in or _upon; cause, inspire_. inimcus, -a, -um [in-, not + amcus], _unfriendly, hostile_.
initium, - [ine], n., beginning. iniria, -ae [in-, not + is], f., _injury, wrong, hurt, harm_. inluvis, -, f.,
_dirt, filth_. inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verb, _I say, you say, he says_. in-rde, -rdre, -rs, -rsus,
_laugh at, mock_. in-rump, -rumpere, -rp, -ruptus, burst into or in. in-ru, -ruere, -ru, rush in. nsnia, -ae
[nsnus, _mad_], f., _madness, insanity_. nscins, -scientis [in-, not + part. of sci], adj., _unknowing,
unaware_. n-sequor, -sequ, -sectus, follow upon or _up, pursue_. nsidiae, -rum, f. plur., _ambush; plot,
stratagem_. nsperg, -spergere, -spers, -spersus [in + sparg], sprinkle on or over. nspici, -spicere, -spx,
-spectus [in + speci], look into or upon. nstitu, -stituere, -stitu, -stittus [in + statu], _decide upon,
determine_. n-struo, -struere, -strx, -strctus, build in or _into; draw up; equip, furnish_, nsula, -ae, f.,
island. intelleg, -legere, -lx, -lctus, _perceive, understand_. in-tend, -tendere, -tend, -tentus, _stretch out;
stretch, draw, aim_. inter, prep, with acc., _among, between_. intere [inter], adv., _in the meantime,
meanwhile_. interfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [inter + faci], _put out of the way, kill_. interior, -ius [comp.
from inter], adj., _interior, inner_. inter-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -mssus, _leave off, interrupt; let pass; _ pass.,
_be left between, intervene, elapse_. inter-sum, -esse, -fu, -futrus, be or lie between. intervllum, -, n.,
_interval, space, distance_. intr [inter], prep. with acc., within. intr, -re, -v, -tus [intr], go within or
_into, enter_. introitus, -s [introe, _go within_], m., entrance. in-tueor, -tur, -tuitus, _look upon, behold_.
in-sittus, -a, -um, _unusual, extraordinary_. in-tilis, -e, _not useful, useless_. in-veni, -venre, -vn,
-ventus, _come upon, find_. invt, -re, -v, -tus, invite. invtus, -a, -um, unwilling. Iolus, -, m., Iolaus.
Iol, -s, f., Iole. Iovis, gen. of Iuppiter. phicls, -is, m., Iphicles. ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron., _self,
himself, herself, itself, themselves_; often to be rendered by very. ra, -ae, f., _anger, wrath_. rscor, rsc,
rtus [ra], be angry. rtus, -a, -um [part, of rscor], _angered, enraged, angry, furious_. is, ea, id, dem.
pron., _this, that; he, she, it, they_. iste, ista, istud, dem. pron., _that of yours, that_. ita [is], adv., _in this
manner, thus, so_; ita ut, as. talia, -ae, f., Italy. ita-que, adv., _and so, accordingly, therefore_. iter, itineris
[e], n., _a going, journey, march_; iter facere, _to journey, march_. iterum, adv., _again, a second time_.
Ithaca, -ae, f., Ithaca. iube, iubre, iuss, issus, _bid, order, command_. icundus, -a, -um, _sweet,
pleasant_. idex, idicis [is + dc], m., judge. iugum, - [iung], n., yoke. iung, iungere, inx, inctus,
_join; yoke, harness_. In, -nis, f., Juno. Iuppiter, Iovis, m., Jupiter or Jove. is, iris, n., _right, justice,
law_; is dcere, _to pronounce judgment_; is irandum, iris irand [ger. of ir, _swear_], oath. issum, -
[part, of iube], n., _order, command_. issus, -s [iube], m., _bidding, command_. istus, -a, -um [is], just.
iuvenis, -is, m., _young man, youth_.
L
62
lbor, lb, lapsus, _slip, glide, fall_. labor, -ris, m., _labor, toil_. labr, -re, -v, -tus [labor], _labor,
toil_. lc, lactis, n., milk. Lacnia, -ae, f., Laconia. lacrima, -ae, f., tear. lacus, -s, m., lake. laetitia, -ae
[laetus, _joyful_], f., joy. lmenta, -rum, n. plur., lamentation. Lomedn, -ontis, m., Laomedon. lapis, -idis,
m., stone. laqueus, -, m., noose. Lrsa, -ae, f., Larisa. lassitd, -inis [lassus, _weary_], f., weariness. late,
-re, -u, _lie hid, be concealed_. latr, -nis, m., robber. ltus, -a, -um, _broad, wide_. lgtus, - [part. of
lg, _depute_], m., ambassador. lnis, -e, gentle. le, -nis, m., lion. Lernaeus, -a, -um, of Lerna, Lernean.
Lth, -s, f., Lethe. levis, -e, _light, slight_. leviter [levis], adv., slightly. libenter [libns, _willing_], adv.,
_willingly, gladly_. lber, -rum [lber, _free_], m. plur., children. lber, -re, -v, -tus [lber, _free_], _set
free, free, liberate, release_. lberts, -ttis [lber, _free_], f., _freedom, liberty_. Libya, -ae, f., _Libya,
Africa_. licet, -re, -uit or -itum est, impers., is lawful or permitted. Lichs, -ae, m., Lichas. lgneus, -a, -um
[lgnum], _of wood, wooden_. lgnum, -, n., wood. Ligurs, -um, m. plur., Ligurians. Liguria, -ae [Ligurs],
f., Liguria. lmen, -minis, n., _threshold; door_. lmus, -, m., mud. linter, lintris, f., _boat, skiff_. Linus, -, m.,
Linus. ltus, ltoris, n., shore. locus, -, m., plur. loca, -orum, n., _place, situation_. long [longus], adv., far.
longinquus, -a, -um [longus], _distant, remote_. longus, -a, -um, _long; tedious_. loquor, loqu, loctus, speak.
ltus, -, f., lotus. lucrum, -, n., gain. luctor, -r, -tus, _wrestle, struggle_. ldus, -, m., _game, sport_.
lmen, -minis, n., light. lx, lcis, f., light.
M
magicus, -a, -um, magic. magis, comp. adv., _more, rather_. magister, -tr [magis], m., master. mgnific
[mgnificus], adv., splendidly. mgnificentia, -ae [mgnificus], f., _splendor, magnificence_. mgnificus, -a,
-um [mgnus + faci], _splendid, magnificent_. mgnitd, -tdinis [mgnus], f., _greatness, size_.
mgnopere [abl. of mgnum opus], adv., _greatly, very much, exceedingly; earnestly_. mgnus, -a, -um,
_large, big, great, mighty; loud_. mior, mius, comp. of mgnus. male [malus], adv., _badly, ill_. ml,
mlle, mlu [magis + vol], _wish rather, prefer_. malum, - [malus], n., _evil, mischief_. malus, -a, -um,
bad. mlus, -, m., mast. mand, -dre, -dv, -dtus [manus + -d, _put_], _put in hand, intrust, commit;
charge, command_. mne, adv., _in the morning, early in the morning_. mane, manre, mns, mnsus,
remain. mns, -ium, m. plur., _spirit, shade_. manus, -s, f., hand. mare, maris, n., sea. martus, -, m.,
husband. Mrs, Mrtis, m., Mars. mter, mtris, f., mother. mtrimnium, - [mter], n., _marriage_; in
mtrimnium dcere, marry. mtr, -re, -v, -tus [mtrus, _ripe_], _ripen; hasten_. mxim [mximus],
adv., _very greatly, exceedingly, especially_. mximus, -a, -um, superl. of mgnus. Mda, -ae, f., Medea.
medicmentum, - [medic, _heal_], n., _drug; poison, potion_. medicna, -ae [medicus, _physician_], f., _art
of healing, medicine_. medius, -a, -um, _mid, middle_. Medsa, -ae, f., Medusa. membrum, -, n., _limb,
member_. memoria, -ae [memor, _remembering_], f., memory. memor, -re, -v, -tus [memor,
_remembering_], _remind of, mention_. menti, -nis, f., mention. merctor, -ris [mercor, _trade_], m.,
_trader, merchant_. mercs, mercdis, f., _pay, reward, wages_. Mercurius, -, m., Mercury. merg, mergere,
mers, mersus, _dip, plunge, sink_. merdinus, -a, -um [merdis], _midday, noonday_; merdinum tempus,
_midday, noon_. merdis, - [medius + dis], m., _midday, noon; south_. meritus, -a, -um [part. of mere],
_deserved, due, just_. meus, -a, -um [ego, me], _my, mine_. mles, mlitis, m., soldier. mlitris, -e [mles],
_military, warlike_; rs mlitris, _art of war, warfare_. mlle, indecl. adj., _a thousand_; mlia, -ium, n. plur.,
_thousands_; mlia passuum, _thousands of paces, miles_. minae, -rum, f. plur., threats. Minerva, -ae, f.,
Minerva. minim [minimus, _least_], adv., _least, very little; by no means, not at all_. minimum [minimus,
_least_], adv., _very little, slightly_. minitor, -r, -tus [minae], threaten. Mns, Mnis, m., Minos. minus,
comp. adv., less. Minyae, -rum, m. plur., Minyae. mrculum, - [mror], n., _wonder, marvel, miracle_.
mror, -r, -tus [mrus], _wonder, wonder at_. mrus, -a, -um, _wonderful, strange_. misce, miscre, miscu,
mxtus, _mix, mingle_. misericordia, -ae [misericors, _pitiful_], f;, _pity, compassion_. mitt, mittere, ms,
missus, send. modo [modus], adv., only. modus, -, m., _way, manner_. moenia, -ium, n. plur., walls. mola,
-ae, f., meal. molestia, -ae [molestus, _annoying_], f., annoyance. mone, -re, -u, -itus, warn. mns, montis,
m., mountain. mnstr, -re, -v, -tus [mnstrum], _point out, show_. mnstrum, -, n., _wonder, monster_.
mora, -ae, f., delay. morde, mordre, momord, morsus, bite. morior, mor, mortuus, die. moror, -r, -tus
[mora], _delay, linger, stay_. mors, morts [morior], f., death. mortlis, -e [mors], mortal. mortifer, -fera,
-ferum [mors + fer], _death-bringing, deadly_. mortuus, -a, -um [part. of _morior_], dead. ms, mris, m.,
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_way, manner, habit, custom_. move, movre, mv, mtus, move. mox, adv., soon. mgi, -re, -v, _low,
bellow_. mgtus, -s [mgi], m., _lowing, bellowing_. mulier, mulieris, f., woman. multitd, -tdinis
[multus], f., multitude. mult [multus], adv., by much or _far, much, far_. multum, - [multus], n., much.
multum [multus], adv., _much, greatly, far_. multus, -a, -um, _much, great_; plur., many. mni, -re, -v,
-tus [moenia], fortify. mnus, mneris, n., _service, office, duty; present, gift_. mrus, -, m., wall. msica,
-ae, f., music. mt, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of move], change. Msia, -ae, f., Mysia.
N
nactus, part. of nancscor. nam, conj., for. nam-que, conj., for. nancscor, nancsc, nactus, _get, obtain, find_.
nrr, -re, -v, -tus, _tell, relate, narrate_. nat, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of n, _swim_], _swim, float_. ntra,
-ae [nscor, _be born_], f., _nature, character_. nauta, -ae [nvis], m., sailor. nauticus, -a, -um [nauta], _naval,
nautical_. nvigti, -nis [nvig], f., _sailing, navigation, voyage_. nvig, -re, -v, -tus [nvis + ag],
sail. nvis, -is, f., ship. -ne, enclitic introducing a question, untranslatable. n, adv., _not_; n ... quidem, _not
... even_; conj., _that not, lest_. nec, see neque. necesse, indecl. adj., necessary. nec, -re, -v, -tus, _put to
death, slay, kill_. negleg, -legere, -lx, -lctus [nec + leg, _gather_], _disregard, neglect_. neg, -re, -v,
-tus, say no or _not, deny, refuse_. negtium, - [nec + tium, _leisure_], n., _business, matter; task, trouble,
difficulty_. Nemeaeus, -a, -um, _of Nemea, Nemean_. nm, nminis [ne-, not + hom], m. and f., _no one,
nobody_. neps, neptis, m., grandson. Neptnus, -, m., Neptune. neque or nec [ne-, not + -que], conj., _and
not, nor_; neque ... neque, _neither ... nor_; neque enim, _for ... not_. nervus, -, m., _sinew, muscle_. ne-sci,
-scre, -scv, _not know, be ignorant_; nesci quis, _I know not who, some one or other_ (nesci is thus used
with other interrogative words also). Nessus, -, m., Nessus. neu, see nve. neuter, neutra, neutrum [ne-, not +
uter], neither. nve or neu [n + -ve, _or_], conj., _and that not, and not, nor_. niger, nigra, nigrum, black.
nihil, n., indecl., nothing. nisi [ne-, not + s], conj., _if not, unless_. nix, nivis, f., snow. noct [nox], adv., at or
by night. nocturnus, -a, -um [nox], _of night, nocturnal_; nocturnum tempus, _night-time_. nl, nlle, nlu
[ne-, not + vol], _not wish, be unwilling_. nmen, -minis [nsc, _come to know_], n., name (that by which
one is known). nn, adv., not. nn-dum, adv., not yet. nn-ne, adv., introducing a question to which an
affirmative answer is expected, _not_? nn-nllus, -a, -um, _not none, some, several_. ns, plur. of ego.
noster, -tra, -trum [ns], our. ntus, -a, -um [part. of nsc, _come to know_], known, well-known, famous_.
novem, indecl. adj., nine. novits, -ttis [novus], f., _newness, novelty_. novus, -a, -um, _new_; novissimus,
last. nox, noctis, f., night. nbs, -is, f., cloud. ndus, -a, -um, _naked, bare_. nllus, -a, -um [ne-, not + llus],
_not any, none, no_. num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expected, untranslatable.
numerus, -, m., number. nummus, -, m., coin. numquam [ne-, not + umquam, _ever_], adv., never. nunc,
adv., now. nnti, -re, -v, -tus [nntius], _report, announce_. nntius, - [novus], m., _messenger;
message_. nper [novus], adv., _newly, lately, recently_. nsquam [ne-, not + squam, _anywhere_], adv.,
nowhere. nympha, -ae, f., nymph.
O
ob, prep. with acc., _on account of, for_; in compounds, _to, against_. obici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [ob + iaci],
throw in the way or to. ob-irg, -irgre, -irgv, -irgtus, _chide, scold, reproach_. ob-lin, -linere, -lv,
-litus, _daub over, smear_. obltus, -a, -um [part. of oblvscor], _forgetful, unmindful_. oblvscor, -lvsc,
-ltus, forget. obscr, -scrre, -scrv, -scrtus [obscrus], _darken, hide, conceal_. obscrus, -a, -um,
dark. obsecr, -secrre, -secrv, -secrtus, _beseech, entreat_. ob-ser, -serere, -sv, -situs, _sow, plant;
cover, fill_. obside, -sidre, -sd, -sessus [ob + sede], _beset, besiege_. ob-stru, -struere, -strx, -strctus,
_build against, block up_. ob-testor, -testr, -testtus, _call to witness; beseech, implore_. obtine, -tinre,
-tinu, -tentus [ob + tene], hold. obviam [ob + via], adv., _in the way, opposite, face to face_; obviam fier,
_to meet_; obviam re, to go to meet. occsi, -nis [occid, _fall_], f., _chance, opportunity_. occsus, -s
[occid, _fall_], m. setting. occd, -cdere, -cd, -csus [ob + caed, _cut_], _cut down, kill_. occup,
-cupre, -cupv, -cuptus [ob + capi], _seize; fill_. occurr, -currere, -curr, -cursus [ob + curr], _run
against, meet_. Oceanus, -, m., _Oceanus, the ocean_. oculus, -, m., eye. d, disse, used only in tenses of
completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete action, hate. odium, - [d], n., hatred. odor, -ris,
64
m., _smell, odor_. Oechalia, -ae, f., Oechalia. Oeneus, -, m., Oeneus. Oeta, -ae, f., Oeta. offend, -fendere,
-fend, -fnsus, offend. offer, offerre, obtul, obltus [ob + fer], _bear to, proffer, offer_. officna, -ae, f.,
_workshop, smithy_. officium, -, n., _service; duty_. lim, adv., _once upon a time, once, formerly, of old_.
Olympus, -, m., Olympus. omitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus [ob + mitt], _let go, neglect, disregard, throw
away, lose_. omnn [omnis], adv., _altogether, wholly, entirely_. omnis, -e, _all, every_. oner, -re, -v,
-tus [onus, _load_], _load, burden_. opera, -ae [opus], f., _effort, work, labor_. opni, -nis [opnor,
_think_], f., _opinion, expectation; reputation_. oppidum, -, n., town. opportnus, -a, -um, _suitable,
seasonable, convenient, opportune_. opprim, -primere, -press, -pressus [ob + prem], _press against,
overpower, crush_. optimus, -a, -um, superl. of bonus. opus, operis, n., _work, task_. rculum, - [r], n.,
oracle. rti, -nis [r], f., _speech_; rtinem habre, _to deliver an oration, speak_. orbis, -is, m.,
_circle_; orbis terrae or terrrum, circle of the earth or _lands, earth, world_. Orcus, -, m., _Orcus,
under-world_. rd, rdinis, m., _arrangement, order, rank_; ex rdine, in order. orior, -r, -tus, _arise, come
forth, spring up_; ort lce, at dawn. rn, -re, -v, -tus, _equip, adorn_. r, -re, -v, -tus [s], _speak;
beg, pray_. Orpheus, -, m., Orpheus. s, ris, n., mouth. ostend, -tendere, -tend, -tentus [ob + tend],
_stretch out before, show, explain_. stium, - [s], n., _mouth, doorway, door_. ovis, -is, f., sheep.
P
pbulum, - [psc], n., _food, fodder_. paene, adv., _almost, nearly_. palaestra, -ae, f., _wrestling-place,
gymnasium_. plus, -, m., stake. pals, -dis, f., _swamp, marsh_. partus, -a, -um [part. of par], _prepared,
equipped, ready_. pre, -re, -u, obey. par, -re, -v, -tus, _make ready, prepare_. pars, partis, f., _part,
side, direction_. parvus, -a, -um, _little, small_. psc, pscere, pv, pstus, feed. passus, -s [pand,
_stretch]_, m., pace_; mlia passuum, see mlle. pstor, -tris [psc], m., shepherd. patefaci, -facere, -fc,
-factus [pate, be open + faci], throw, or _lay open, open_. pater, patris, m., father. patior, pat, passus, bear,
_suffer, allow_. patria, -ae [pater], f., _fatherland, country_. pauc, -ae, -a, plur. adj., few. paul [paulus,
_little]_, adv., _by a little, a little, somewhat_. paulum [paulus, _little_], adv., _a little, somewhat_. pavor,
-ris [paye, _be terrified_], m., _terror, panic_. pectus, pectoris, n., breast. pecnia, -ae [pecus], f., money
(the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times). pecus, pecoris, n., _herd, flock, cattle_. pecus,
pecudis, f., _head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat_. Pelis, -ae, m., Pelias. pellis, -is, f., _hide, skin, pelt_. pell,
pellere, pepul, pulsus, _drive, drive away, beat, rout_. pend, pendere, pepend, pnsus, _weigh out, pay_.
Pnelop, -s, f., Penelope. per, prep, with ace., _through, by means of_. percipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [per
+ capi], feel. percuti, -cutere, -cuss, -cussus [per + quati], _strike through, strike_. per-dc, -dcere,
-dx, -ductus, lead or _bring through, lead, bring_. peregrnus, -, m., _stranger, foreigner_. perennis, -e [per
+ annus], _lasting throughout the year, perennial, perpetual_. per-e, -re, -ii, -itrus, _pass away, perish_.
per-fer, -ferre, -tul, -ltus, _bear through, bear, endure; weather_. perfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [per +
faci], do or _make through, accomplish_. per-fl, -flre, blow through or over. per-fodi, -fodere, -fd,
-fossus, dig or _pierce through, transfix_. perculum, -, n., _danger, peril, risk_. per-lstr, -lstrre, -lstrvi,
-lstrtus, _look over, examine, survey_. per-mane, -manre, -mnsi, -mnsus, remain. perpetuus, -a, -um
[per + pet], _continuous, perpetual_; in perpetuum, _for all time, forever_. per-rump, -rumpere, -rp,
-ruptus, break or _burst through, break_. per-scrb, -scrbere, -scrps, scrptus, write through or _in full,
describe fully, recount_. per-sequor, -sequ, -sectus, _follow up, pursue_. Perseus, -, m., Perseus. per-solv,
-solvere, -solv, -soltus, _pay completely, pay_. per-sude, -sudre, -susi, -susus, _persuade, prevail
upon, induce_. per-terre, -terrre, -terrui, -territus, _thoroughly frighten, terrify_. per-turb, -turbre,
-turbvi, -turbtus, _greatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion_. per-veni, -venre, -vn, -ventus,
_come through, come, arrive, reach_. ps, pedis, m., foot. pet, -ere, -v or -i, -tus, _seek, ask; attack_.
Phsis, -idis, m., Phasis. Phneus, -, m., Phineus. Pholus, -, m., Pholus. Phrixus, -, m., Phrixus. pinguis, -e,
fat. pisctor, -tris [piscor, _fish_], m., fisherman. plausus, -s [plaud, _clap_], m., applause. plrs, -a
[comp. of multus], plur. adj., _more, many, several_. plrimus, -a, -um, superl. of multus. Plt, -nis, m.,
Pluto. pculum, - [pt, _drink_], n., cup. poena, -ae, f., _penalty, punishment_. pota, -ae, m., poet.
polliceor, -licr, -licitus, promise. Polydects, -is, m., Polydectes. Polyphmus, -, m., Polyphemus. pmum,
-, n., _fruit, apple_. pondus, ponderis [pend], n., weight. pn, pnere, posu, positus, _place, put_; pn
with in and abl., _to be placed in, rest_ or depend on. pns, pontis, m., bridge. porcus, -, m., _pig, hog,
65
swine_. porta, -ae, f., _gate; door_. portus, -s, m., _harbor, haven, port_. psc, pscere, popsc, _ask,
demand_. posside, -sidre, -sd, -sessus, _hold, possess_. possum, posse, potu [potis, able + sum], _be able,
have power, can_. post, adv., _after, later_; prep. with acc., _after, behind_. poste [post], adv., _after this,
afterwards_. posterus, -a, -um [post], _following, next_. post-quam, conj., _later than, after, when_.
postrmus, -a, -um [superl. of posterus], last. postrdi [posterus + dis], adv., _the day after, the next day_.
postul, -re, -v, -tus, _ask, request, demand_. potior, -r, -tus [potis, _able_], _become master of, get
possession of_. prae-actus, -a, -um, _sharp at the end, pointed, sharp_. praebe, -re, -u, -itus [prae, before +
habe], _hold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit_. prae-cave, -cavre, -cv, -cautus,
_beware beforehand, beware, be on one's guard_. praecipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [prae, before + capi],
_take beforehand, anticipate; order, charge_. praecipu [praecipuus, _especial_], adv., especially. prae-clrus,
-clra, -clrum, _very bright; splendid, remarkable, famous_. praeda, -ae, f., _booty, spoil, plunder_.
prae-dc, -dcere, -dx, -dictus, _say beforehand, foretell, predict_. praedor, -r, -tus [praeda], plunder.
praemium, -, n., reward. praesns, -sentis [part. of praesum], adj., _present, immediate, imminent_.
praesentia, -ae [praesns], f., the present. praeses, praesidis, m., protector. praesidium, - [praeses], n.,
_protection; guard, escort_. praestns, -stantis [part. of praest], adj., _preminent, remarkable_. prae-st,
-stre, -stit, -stitus, _stand in front; show_. prae-sum, -esse, -fu, _be before, preside over, have charge of,
command_. praeter [prae, _before_], prep. with acc., _before, past, by; besides, except_. praetere [praeter],
adv., _besides this, besides, moreover_. praeter-e, -re, -i, -itus, pass by. precs, -um, f. plur., _prayer,
entreaty_. prehend, -hendere, -hend, -hnsus, seize. prem, premere, press, pressus, _press, check, restrain_.
pretium, -, n., _price, charge_. prm [prmus], adv., at first. prmum [prmus], adv., _first, in the first place_.
prmus, -a, -um [superl. from pr], _first, foremost_. prstinus, -a, -um [prius], former. prius [prior, _former_],
adv., _before, first_. prius-quam, conj., _before than, sooner than, before_. pr, prep. with abl., _before, in
front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for_. procul, adv., at or _from a distance, far_. proelium, -, n.,
_battle, combat_; proelium committere, to join battle. profecti, -nis [proficscor], f., _departure, start_.
proficscor, -ficsc, -fectus [prfici, _make progress_], set out, depart, start, march_. prgredior, -gred,
-gressus [pr + gradior], _go forward, advance_. prohibe, -hibre, -hibu, -hibitus [pr + habe], _hold back,
prevent, hinder_. prici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [pr + iaci], throw forth or _down, cast away, throw_.
pr-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, send or _put forth, promise_. prm, prmere, prmps, prmptus [pr +
em], take or _bring out, produce_. prmunturium, -, n., _headland, promontory_. proper, -re, -v, -tus,
hasten. pr-pn, -pnere, -posu, -positus, put or _set before, offer, propose; set forth, say_. propter, prep.
with acc., _on account of, because of_. prra, -ae, f., _prow, bow_. pr-sequor, -sequ, -sectus, _follow
forward, follow_. Prserpina, -ae, f., _Proserpina, Proserpine_. pr-stern, -sternere, -strv, -strtus, strew or
_spread before, throw_ or knock down. pr-sum, prdesse, prfu, _be of advantage, profit, avail, assist_.
pr-veh, -vehere, -vex, -vectus, carry forward. pr-voc, -vocre, -vocv, -voctus, call forth or _out,
challenge_. proximus, -a, -um [superl. from prope, _near_], _nearest, next_. prdentia, -ae [prdns,
_prudent_], f., prudence. puella, -ae [puer], f., _girl, maiden_. puer, puer, m., boy. pueritia, -ae [puer], f.,
boyhood. pgna, -ae, f., _fighting, battle, combat_. pgn, -re, -v, -tus [pgna], fight. pulcher, pulchra,
pulchrum, beautiful. puls, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of pell], push or _strike against, knock, knock at_.
punctum, - [pung, _prick_], n., _point, instant, moment_. prg, -re, -v, -tus [prus, clean + ag], _make
clean, clean, cleanse_. put, -re, -v, -tus, think. Pthia, -ae, f., Pythia.
Q
qu [qu], adv., _in which place, where_. quaer, quaerere, quaesv, quaestus, _seek; ask, inquire_. qulis, -e,
_of what sort? what kind of_? quam [quis and qu], adv., _how? as; than_; with superl., _as ... as possible_.
quam-quam, conj., _however much, although_. quantum [quantus], adv., _how much? how_? quantus, -a,
-um, how great or _much_? quartus, -a, -um [quattuor], fourth. quasi [qu + s], conj., as if. quattuor, indecl.
adj., four. -que, enclitic conj., and. qu, quae, quod, rel. pron., _who, which_. qu, quae, quod, interrog. pron.
adj., _what_? qudam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron., _a certain, certain_. quidem, adv., _in fact, indeed,
certainly_; n ... quidem, _not ... even_. quis, quitis, f., _rest, repose_. qun, conj., _so that ... not, but that,
but_. qunqugint [qunque, _five_], indecl. adj., fifty. quntus, -a, -um [qunque, _five_], fifth. quis, quid,
interrog. pron., _who? which? what_? quis, qua, quid, indef. pron., _any one, anybody, anything, some one,
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somebody, something_. quis-nam, quaenam, quidnam, interrog. pron., _who, which_, or _what, pray? who?
which? what_? quis-quam, quicquam, indef. pron., _any one, anything_. quis-que, quaeque, quidque, indef.
pron., each. qu [quis and qu], adv., _to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason,
wherefore, therefore_; qu sque, _till when? how long_? quod [qu], conj., _that, in that, because_. quoniam
[cum + iam], conj., _since now, since_. quoque [qu + -que], adv., also. quotanns [quot, how many + annus],
adv., _every year, yearly, annually_. quotins [quot, how many, adv., as often as.
R
rmus, -, m., _branch, bough_. rapi, -ere, -u, -tus, _seize, snatch_. rati, -nis [reor, _think_], f., plan,
means, method, manner_. recipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [re- + capi], take or _get back, recover_; s recipere,
_to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover_. re-cre, -crere, -crev, -cretus, _make anew,
renew, refresh_. rctus, -a, -um [part. of reg, _direct_], _direct, straight_. re-cumb, -cumbere, -cubu, lie
back or down. recuper, -re, -v, -tus, recover. recs, -csre, -csv, -cstus [re- + causa], _give a
reason against, refuse_. redd, -dere, -did, -ditus [re- + d], _give back, return, restore; render_. rede, -re,
-i, -itus [re- + e], _go back, return_. redintegr, -integrre, -integrv, -integrtus [re- + integr, _make
whole_], _make whole again, renew_. reditus, -s [rede], m., return. re-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, lead or
_bring back; restore_. re-fer, referre, rettul, reltus, bring or _carry back, return_; pedem referre, _to draw
back, retire, retreat_; grtiam referre, see grtia. refici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [re- + faci], _make anew,
renew, repair_. re-fugi, -fugere, -fg, _flee back, run away, retreat_. re-fulge, -fulgre, -fuls, _flash back,
shine_. rgia, -ae [rgius, _royal_], f., palace. rgna, -ae [rx], f., queen. regi, -nis [reg, _direct_], f.,
_direction; country, region_. rgn, -re, -v, -tus [rgnum], _reign, rule_. rgnum, - [rx], n., _royal power,
rule, throne; kingdom, realm_. regredior, -gred, -gressus [re- + gradior], _go back, return_. re-linqu,
-linquere, -lqu, -lictus, _leave behind, leave_. reliquus, -a, -um [relinqu], _left, the remaining, the other, the
rest of_. remedium, - [re- + medeor, _heal_], n., remedy. rmig, -re [rmex, _rower_], row. re-move,
-movre, -mv, -mtus, _move back, remove_. rmus, -, m., oar. re-nnti, -nntire, -nntiv, -nntitus,
_bring back word, report, announce_. re-pell, repellere, reppul, repulsus, drive back or _away, repulse,
repel_. reperi, reperre, repper, repertus, _find, discover_. repertor, -ris [reperi], m., _discoverer,
inventor_. re-ple, -plre, -plv, -pltus, fill again or _up, fill_. re-pn, -pnere, -posu, -positus, put or _set
back; store up_ or away. re-port, -portre, -portv, -porttus, carry or bring back. re-pgn, -pgnre,
-pgnv, -pgntus, _fight against, struggle, resist_. rs, re, f., _thing, matter, affair, circumstance,
situation_; r vr, _in truth, in fact, really_. re-sist, -sistere, -stit, _stand back, resist_. re-spr, -sprre,
-sprv, -sprtus, breathe back or _out, breathe_. re-sponde, -spondre, -spond, -spnsus, _reply, answer_.
respnsum, - [part. of responde], n., _reply, answer, response_. restitu, -stituere, -stitu, -stittus [re- +
statu], _set up again, put back, restore_. retine, -tinre, -tinu, -tentus [re- + tene], hold or _keep back,
keep, restrain; hold fast_. revertor, -vert, -versus, perf. act. -vert [re- + vert], _turn back, return_. rx, rgis
[reg, _direct_], m., king. Rhadamanthus, -, m., Rhadamanthus. rde, rdre, rs, rsus, laugh. rpa, -ae, f.,
bank. rte [rtus, _rite]_, adv., _duly, fitly_. rbur, rboris, n., oak. rog, -re, -v, -tus, ask. rogus, -, m.,
_funeral pile, pyre_. Rma, -ae, f., Rome. rstrum, - [rd, _gnaw_], n., beak. ru, -ere, -, -itrus, rush.
rps, -is, f., _rock, cliff; reef_. rrsus [for reversus, part, of revertor], adv., again.
S
saccus, -, m., _bag, sack_. sacerds, -dtis [sacer, holy + d], m. and f., _priest, priestess_. sacrificium, -
[sacrifice], n., sacrifice. sacrific, -re, -v, -tus [sacer, holy + faci], sacrifice. saepe, adv., _often,
frequently_. saevus, -a, -um, _fierce, savage_. sagitta, -ae, f., arrow. sl, salis, m., salt. Salmydssus, -, m.,
Salmydessus. salsus, -a, -um [sl], _salted, salt_. sals, saltis [salvus, _safe_], f., _safety, deliverance,
escape_. snctus, -a, -um [part, of sanci, _make sacred_], _consecrated, sacred_. sanguis, sanguinis, m.,
blood. snits, -ttis [snus, _sound_], f., _soundness; right reason, sanity_. satis, adv., _enough, sufficiently_.
saxum, -, n., _rock, stone_. scapha, -ae, f., _boat, skiff_. scelus, sceleris, n., _wickedness, crime_. scientia,
-ae [sci], f., _knowledge, skill_. sci, -re, -v, -tus, know. scrb, scrbere, scrps, scrptus, write. sctum,
-, n., shield. s-cd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus, _go apart, withdraw_. secundus, -a, -um [sequor], _following,
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favorable_. sed, conj., but. sede, sedre, sd, sessus, sit. sds, -is [sede], f., _seat, abode_. smentis, -is
[semen, _seed_], f., _seeding, sowing_. semper, adv., always. senex, senis, m., old man. sententia, -ae [senti],
f., _opinion; purpose_. senti, sentre, sns, snsus, _perceive, feel_. sepeli, sepelre, sepelv, sepultus,
bury. septimus, -a, -um [septem, _seven_],seventh. sepultra, -ae [sepeli], f., burial. sequor, sequ, sectus,
follow. Serphus, -, f., Seriphos. serm, -nis [ser, _interweave_], m., _conversation, talk, speech_. ser,
serere, sv, satus, _sow, plant_. serpns, -entis [part, of serp, _crawl_], f., serpent. servi, -ire, -v, -tus
[servus], _be subject to, serve_. servits, -ttis [servus], f., _slavery, servitude_. serv, -re, -v, -tus, _save,
preserve_. servus, -, m., _slave, servant_. s, conj., if. sc, adv., _so, thus_. Sicilia, -ae, f., Sicily. sgnum, -, n.,
_sign, signal_. silva, -ae, f., _wood, forest_. simul, adv., _at the same time_; simul atque or ac, as soon as.
sine, prep. with abl., without. sinister, -tra, -trum, left. sinistra, -ae [sinister], f., left hand (manus understood).
sinus, -s, m., _bosom, lap_. situs, -a, -um [part. of sin], _placed, situated_. s-ve or seu, conj., _or if_; sve
... sve, _whether ... or_. socius, - [sequor], m., _companion, comrade, ally_. sl, slis, m., sun. solium, -
[sede], n., _seat, throne_. sollicitd, -tdinis [sollicitus], f., _anxiety, care, apprehension_. sollicitus, -a,
-um, _troubled, anxious_. slus, -a, -um, alone. solv, solvere, solv, soltus, _loosen, unbind, release; pay_;
with or without nvem, _cast off, set sail, put to sea_. somnus, -, m., _sleep, drowsiness_. sonitus, -s [son,
_sound_], m. _sound, noise_. sonrus, -a, -um [son, _sound_], _sounding, loud, noisy_. soror, -ris, f., sister.
sors, sortis, f., lot. sortior, -r, -tus [sors], cast or draw lots. sparg, spargere, spars, sparsus, _scatter,
sprinkle_. spatium, -, n., _space, interval; space of time, time_. specis, - [speci, _look_], f., _sight,
appearance, shape_. specttor, -ris [spect], m., _looker-on, spectator_. spect, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of
speci, _look_], look at or on. speculum, - [speci, _look_], n., _looking-glass, mirror_. splunca, -ae, f.,
_cave, cavern_. spern, spernere, sprv, sprtus, _despise, scorn_. spr, -re, -v, -tus [sps], hope. sps,
spe, f., hope. sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by me, tu, su, _of one's own accord, voluntarily_. squlor, -ris
[squle, _be dirty_], m., _dirt, filth_. stabulum, - [st], n., _standing-place, stall, stable, inclosure_. statim
[st], adv., _on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately_. statu, statuere, statu, stattus [st], _cause to
stand; decide, resolve_. stpendium, -, n., _tax, tribute_. st, stre, stet, status, stand. string, stringere,
strinx, strictus, _draw, unsheathe_. stude, -re, -u, _be eager, give attention, apply oneself_. studisus, -a,
-um [studium], _eager, diligent, studious_. studium, - [stude], n., _eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit_. stupe,
-re, -u, _be stunned, astounded_, or amazed. Stymphlus, -, m., Stymphalus. Stymphlis, -idis
[Stymphlus], adj., _of Stymphalus, Stymphalian_. Styx, Stygis, f., Styx. suvis, -e, _sweet, pleasant_. sub,
prep. with acc. and abl., _under_; sub vesperum, towards evening. sub-d, -dere, -did, -ditus, _put under,
apply_. sub-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _draw up, beach_. sub-e, -re, -i, -itus, _go under; undergo,
submit to, sustain, bear, endure_. subici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [sub + iaci], throw or place under. subit
[subitus, _unexpected_], adv., _unexpectedly, suddenly_. sub-lev, -levre, -levv, -levtus, _lift from
beneath, lift, raise_. sub-merg, -mergere, -mers, -mersus, _plunge under, sink, overwhelm_. subsidium, -
[sub + sede], n., _reserve, reinforcement, support, help_. succd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus [sub + cd], go or
_come under, follow after, succeed_. succend, -cendere, -cend, -cnsus, _kindle beneath, set on fire_.
succd, -cdere, -cd, -csus [sub + caed], cut below or down. scus, -, m., juice. su, sibi, s or ss,
reflexive pron., _himself, herself, itself, themselves_. sum, esse, fu, futrus, be. summus, -a, -um [superl. of
superus, _upper_], _uppermost, highest, greatest_. sm, smere, smps, smptus [sub + em], take under or
_up, take_; poenam smere, to exact or inflict punishment. superior, -ius [comp. of superus, _upper_], adj.,
_higher; former, previous, preceding_. super, -re, -v, -tus [superus, _upper_], _overcome, defeat,
conquer_. super-sum, -esse, -fu, be over or _left, remain_. supplicium, - [supplex, _kneeling_], n.,
_punishment, torture_. suppn, -pnere, -posu, -positus [sub + pn], place or put under. supr [superus,
_upper_], adv. and prep. with acc., _above, before_. suprmus, -a, -um [superl. of superus, _upper_], _highest,
last_. suscipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [sub + capi], undertake. suspend, -pendere, -pend, -pnsus [sub +
pend], _hang up, hang_. suspci, -nis [suspici, _look askance at_], f., suspicion. suspicor, -spicr,
-spictus [suspici, _look askance at_], suspect. sustine, -tinre, -tinu, -tentus [sub + tene], hold or _bear
up, sustain, withstand_. suus, -a, -um [su], _his, her, its_, or _their own; his, her, its, their_. Symplgads,
-um, f. plur., the Symplegades.
T
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tace, -re, -u, -itus, be silent. tacitus, -a, -um [part. of tace], silent. Taenarus, -, m., Taenarus. tlria, -ium
[tlus, _ankle_], n. plur., winged shoes. tlis, -e, such. tam, adv., so. tamen, adv., _however, yet,
nevertheless_. tandem, adv., at length or _last, finally_. tang, tangere, tetig, tctus, touch. tantum [tantus],
adv., so much or _far, only_. tantus, -a, -um, so great or much. Tartarus, -, m., Tartarus. taurus, -, m., bull.
teg, tegere, tx, tctus, cover. tlum, -, n., _missile, spear, weapon_. temer, adv., rashly. tempests, -ttis
[tempus], f., _weather; storm, tempest_. templum, -, n., _sanctuary, temple_. tempt, -re, -v, -tus, _try,
attempt_. tempus, temporis, n., _time, season_. tene, -re, -u, -tus, _hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop_.
tenuis, -e, thin. tergum, -, n., back. terra, -ae, f., _land, earth_. terre, -re, -u, -itus, _frighten, terrify_.
terribilis, -e [terre], _dreadful, terrible_. terror, -ris [terre], m., _terror, fright_. tertium [tertius], adv., the or
a third time. tertius, -a, -um [trs], third. tex, -ere, -u, -tus, weave. Thbae, -rum, f. plur., Thebes. Thbn,
-rum [Thbae], m. plur., Thebans. Thermdn, -ontis, m., Thermodon. Thseus, -, m., Theseus. Thessalia,
-ae, f., Thessaly. Thrcia, -ae, f., Thrace. Tiberis, -is, m., Tiber. time, -re, -u, fear. timor, -ris [time], m.,
fear. ting, tingere, tinx, tinctus, _wet, soak, dye_. Tryns, Trynthis, f., Tiryns. toll, tollere, sustul, subltus,
_lift, raise; take away, remove_; ancors tollere, to weigh anchor. torque, torqure, tors, tortus, turn. ttus,
-a, -um, _all the, the whole_ or entire. trct, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of trah], _handle, touch, feel_. trd,
-dere, -did, -ditus [trans + do], _give across, over_, or _up, deliver; hand down, relate, report_. trdc,
-dcere, -dx, -ductus [trns + dc], lead across. trah, trahere, trx, trctus, _draw, drag_. trici, -icere,
-ic, -iectus [trns + iaci], _throw across, strike through, pierce_. triectus, -s [trici], m., _crossing over,
passage_. trn, -nre, -nv [trns + n, _swim_], swim across or over. tranquillits, -ttis [tranquillus], f.,
calm. tranquillus, -a, -um, calm. trns, prep. with acc., _across, over_. trns-e, -re, -i, -itus, go across or
_over, cross_. trns-fg, -fgere, -fx, -fxus, thrust or _pierce through, transfix_. trns-port, -portre,
-portv, -porttus, carry across or _over, transport_. trns-veh, -vehere, -vex, -vectus, carry across or over.
trs, tria, plur. adj., three. tribtum, - [part. of tribu, _contribute_], n., _contribution, tribute_. trstitia, -ae
[trstis, _sad_], f., sadness. Tria, -ae, f., Troy. Trin, -rum [Tria], m. plur., Trojans. t, tu, pers. pron.,
_thou, you_. tum, adv., _then, at that time_. turb, -re, -v, -tus [turba, _confusion_], _confuse, throw into
disorder, disturb, trouble_. turb, turbinis [turb], m., _whirlwind, hurricane_. turpis, -e, disgraceful. ttus, -a,
-um [part. of tueor, _watch over_], safe. tuus, -a, -um [t], _thy, thine, your_.
U
ubi, adv., _where_; conj., when. ulcscor, ulcsc, ultus, avenge. llus, -a, -um, any. lterior, -ius [comp. from
ltr, _beyond_], adj., farther. Ulixs, -is, m., Ulysses. umbra, -ae, f., _shadow, shade_. umerus, -, m.,
shoulder. umquam, adv., ever. unda, -ae, f., wave. unde, adv., whence. ndecimus, -a, -um [ndecim,
_eleven_], eleventh. undique [unde + -que], adv., from or on all sides. ung, ungere, nx, nctus, _smear,
anoint_. unguentum, - [ung], n., ointment. niversus, -a, -um [nus + vert], _all together, whole, entire,
all_. nus, -a, -um, _one; only, alone_. urbs, urbis, f., city. r, rere, ss, stus, burn. sque, adv., _all the
time_; sque ad, _as far as, until_; qu sque, see qu. sus, -s [tor], m., _use; experience_. ut, conj., _as;
when; that_; ita ut, as. uter, utra, utrum, _which_? of two. ter, tris, m., _wine-skin_. uter-que, utraque,
utrumque, _each, either, both_. tor, t, sus, use. utrimque [uterque], adv., on either side or both sides. uxor,
-ris, f., wife.
V
vacuus, -a, -um [vac, _be empty_], empty. vale, -re, -u, -itrus, be strong or _effectual, have effect,
prevail_. validus, -a, -um [vale], strong. vallis, -is, f., valley. varius, -a, -um, various. vs, vsis, n., plur.
vsa, -rum, vessel. vst, -re, -v, -tus [vstus], lay waste. vstus, -a, -um, _waste, huge, enormous, vast_.
vehementer [vehemns, _violent_], adv., _violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly_. veh,
vehere, vex, vectus, carry. vellus, velleris, n., fleece. vl, -re, -v, -tus [vlum, _veil_], _veil, cover_.
vel-ut, even or _just as, as_. vnti, -nis [vnor, _hunt_], f., hunting. vennum, -, n., poison. veni, venre,
vn, ventus, come. venter, ventris, m., belly. ventus, -, m., wind. verbum, -, n., word. vereor, -r, -itus, fear.
vr [vrus], adv., _in truth, indeed; however_. versor, -r, -tus [freq. of vert], _keep turning, be busy_ or
_employed, be_. vert, vertere, vert, versus, turn. vrus, -a, -um, _true_; r vr, _in truth, in fact_. vscor, -,
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_feed on, eat_. vesper, vesper, m., evening. vester, -tra, -trum [vs], your. vestgium, - [vestg, _track_], n.,
_track, foot-print_. vestis, -is, f., _clothing, dress, robe_. vesttus, -s [vesti, _clothe_], m., clothing. via, -ae,
f., _road, way_. vitor, -tris [via], m., _wayfarer, traveler_. victima, -ae [vinc, _overcome_], f., victim.
victria, -ae [vinc, _overcome_], f., victory. vctus, -s [vv], m., _sustenance, food_. vcus, -, m., village.
vide, vidre, vd, vsus, _see; _ pass., seem. vigilia, -ae [vigil, _awake_], f., watch. vgint, indecl. adj.,
twenty. vlla, -ae, f., _country-house, villa_. vmen, -minis, n., osier. vinci, vincre, vinx, vinctus, bind.
vinculum, - [vinci], n., _bond, chain_. vnum, -, n., wine. vir, vir, m., man. virg, virginis, f., maiden.
virts, -ttis [vir], f., _manliness, courage, bravery_. vs, vs, f., _violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy_;
plur. vrs, -ium, _strength_; omnibus vribus, _with all one's strength, with might and main_. vsus, -s
[vide], m., sight. vta, -ae [vv], f., life. vt, -re, -v, -tus, _avoid, escape_. vv, vvere, vx, vctus, live.
vvus, -a, -um [vv], _alive, living_. vix, adv., _with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely_. voc, -re, -v,
-tus [vx], _call, summon_. Volcnus, -, m., Vulcan. vol, -re, -v, -trus, fly. vol, velle, volu, wish.
volucris, -is [vol], f., bird. volunts, -ttis [vol], f., _wish, will_. volupts, -ttis [vol], f., pleasure. vs,
plur. of t. vor, -re, -v, -tus, _swallow whole, devour_. vx, vcis, f., _voice; word_. vulner, -re, -v,
-tus [vulnus], wound. vulnus, vulneris, n., wound.
Z
Zephyrus, -, m., _Zephyrus, the west wind_. Zts, -ae, m., Zetes.
END OF VOL. I
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