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Introduction
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments show much greater
flexibility and resistance to torsional fracture in comparison
with stainless steel (SS) instrument[1]
Surface defects occur more frequently which leads to
instrument wear. This combination of surface wear and lower
decrease the cutting efficiency of NiTi files.[2]
Improvement of the cutting efficiency of NiTi instruments
especially through their surface treatment has been the
subject of numerous investigations. The implantation of
boron ions on the surface of the instruments increases their
surface hardness.[3]
Ref :
[1] Walia HM, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988.
[2] Schafer E. Effect of physical vapor deposition on cutting efficiency of nickel-titanium files. J Endod. 2002;28(12):800-2.
[3] Barbosa FO, Gomes JA, de Araujo MC. Influence of electrochemical polishing on the mechanical properties of K3 nickel-titanium rotary
instruments. J Endod. 2008.
Ref :
[3] Barbosa FO, Gomes JA, de Araujo MC. Influence of electrochemical polishing on the mechanical properties of K3 nickel-titanium rotary
instruments. J Endod. 2008.
[4] Tripi TR, Bonaccorso A, Rapisarda E, Tripi V, Condorelli GG, Marino R, Fragala I. Depositions of nitrogen on NiTi instruments. J Endod. 2002.
10-electropolishing
AND NiTi rotary
instruments
Result
29-thermal nitridation
3-cryogenic
treatment AND
nickel-titanium
An English-limited Medline
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Metallurgy of NiTi
55-Nitinol
Nickel (Ni) 56% (wt)
NiTi
Metallurgy of NiTi
55-Nitinol
(crystallographic forms)
SM = shape memory
SE = super-elasticity
Transition between
austenite and martensite phases
Metallurgy of NiTi
SM = shape memory
Metallurgy of NiTi
SE = super-elasticity
Metallurgy of NiTi
SE = super-elasticity
Smaller amounts
Nickel oxides (NiO & Ni2O3)
Metallic nickel (Ni)
Dissolve
Oxygen
Carbon
Titanium oxides (TiO2)
Dissolve
Pure Ti = Biocompatible material
cutting efficiency
Dissolve
decrease Ni
Coating technologies
1. Titanium nitride (TiN)
2. Polymers
not suitable for many medical
Coating technologies
1. Titanium nitride (TiN)
2. Polymers
Thermal nitridation
powder immersion reaction assisted coating
Coating (PIRAC)
TiN on NiTi
Thermal nitridation
Electropolishing (EP)
Electropolishing (EP)
Ti is oxidized to TiO2
(protects the underlying material from further
corrosion)
Ni on the surface decreases
Micro - fractures
Fatigue life
Torsional resistance
Cutting efficiency
Electropolishing (EP)
- Argon implantation
Conculsion
caused a moderate
improvement