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INGENIERA
TRADUCCION PG.147
CURSO:
TEORIA DEL BUQUE II
PROFESOR:
ING. CORTEZ CANCIO NICOLAS
ALUMNO:
SECCIN: A
GRUPO: N1
Launching
Whilst many modern shipyards now construct ships in building docks and float them
out and some utilise ship lifts, a good number of long established shipyards are still
launching ships in the traditional manner. A significant advance has been provided by
computer programs which allow prior assessment of the performance of the ship and
the loading it may experience during the launch, both on the ways and in the water.
Launching involves the transference of the weight of the ship from the keel blocks,
shores, etc., on which it was supported during construction, to a cradle on which it is
allowed to slide into the water. Normally the vessel is launched end on, stern first, but a
number of shipyards located on rivers or other narrow channels are obliged to launch
the vessel sideways. Vessels have been launched bow first, but this was a rare
occurrence as the buoyancy and weight moments, also the braking force, are generally
more favourable when the vessel is launched stern first.
End Launches
On release of a holding mechanism the launching cradle with the ship slides down the
ground ways under the action of gravity. When the stern has entered the water the
vessel is partly supported by buoyancy and partly by the ground ways.
If this buoyancy is inadequate after the centre of gravity of the ship has passed the
way ends, the ship may tip about the way ends causing large pressures on the bottom
shell and on the ends of the ground ways. To avoid this the greatest depth of water
over the way ends should be utilized, and the ground ways extended into the water if
necessary. Where this proves impossible it becomes necessary to strengthen the way
ends and provide shoring in the bottom shell region which is likely to be damaged.
These remedies are often expensive. As the vessel travels further into the water the
buoyancy becomes sufficient to lift the stern. The vessel then pivots about the forward
poppets, i.e. the fore end of the launching cradle. These are designed to take the load
thrown on them by the pivoting action, the load being widely distributed in order not to
squeeze out the lubricant between the sliding surfaces. Shoring
Lanzamiento
Si bien muchos astilleros modernos ahora construyen buques en diques secos y
flotantes y algunos utilizan ascensores de buques, un buen nmero de astilleros
establecidos desde hace tiempo siguen lanzando barcos de manera tradicional. El
importante avance ha sido proporcionado por los programas informticos que permiten
una evaluacin previa de la realizacin del buque y la carga que se puede
experimentar durante el lanzamiento, tanto sobre las imadas y en el agua.
El Lanzamiento Involucra la transferencia del peso del buque desde los picaderos de
grada, ribera, etc., en que se apoy durante la construccin, a la cuna que le permite
deslizarse en el agua. Normalmente, el buque se lanza longitudinal, primero por popa,
pero una serie de astilleros situados en ros u otros canales estrechos estn obligados
alanzar el buque por costado.
Los buques eran lanzados primero por proa, pero esto era un hecho poco habitual
para los momentos de flotabilidad y el peso, tambin la fuerza de frenado, por lo que
generalmente los buques se lanzaban por popa.
Lanzamiento longitudinal