Butyl Methacrylate

BUTYL METHACRYLATE | C8H14O2 - PubChem
NIH
U.S. National Library of Medicine
Page 1 of 48
National Center for Biotechnology Information
Compound Summary for CID 7354
BUTYL METHACRYLATE
Vendors
Pharmacology
Literature
Patents
Bioactivities
Also known as: 97-88-1, N-Butyl methacrylate, butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate,

Butylmethacrylate, Methacrylic acid, butyl ester, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester
Molecular
Formula:
C8H14O2
Molecular Weight: InChI Key:

FDA UNII:
142.19556 g/mol
SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N R5QX287XXU
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/butyl_methacrylate
3/16/2015
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Contents
1 2D Structure
2 3D Conformer
3 Identification
4 Chemical and Physical Properties
Related Records
Chemical Vendors
Pharmacology and Biochemistry
Use and Manufacturing
Safety and Hazards
Accidental Release Measures
Handling and Storage
Exposure Control and Personal Protection
Stability and Reactivity
Transport Information
Regulatory Information
Other Safety Information
Toxicity
Literature
Patents
Biological Test Results
Classification
Information Sources
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1 2D Structure
Search
Download
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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2 3D Conformer
Search
Download
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3 Identification
3.1 Computed Descriptors
3.1.1 IUPAC Name
butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
3.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C8H14O2/c1-4-5-6-10-8(9)7(2)3/h2,4-6H2,1,3H3 from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3.1.3 InChI Key

SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3.1.4 Canonical SMILES

CCCCOC(=O)C(=C)C
3.2 Other Identifiers

3.2.1 CAS
9011-15-8
from EPA Chemical Data Report [2] http://www.epa.gov/cdr/
97-88-1
3.2.2 EC Number
202-615-1
from ILO-ICSC [4] http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
202-615-1
from ECHA [5] http://echa.europa.eu/
3.2.3 ICSC Number

1018
3.2.4 RTECS Number

OZ3675000
3.2.5 UN Number
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2227
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3.2.6 UNII
R5QX287XXU
from FDA/SPL Indexing data [6]
http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/StructuredProductLabeling/ucm377913.htm
3.3 Synonyms
3.3.1 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms
1. BUTYL METHACRYLATE
2. 97-88-1
11. Butylmethacrylaat
12. Butil metacrilato
21. 2-Methylacrylic acid, b

22. Butyl methacrylate mo
3. N-Butyl methacrylate
13. n-butylmethacrylate
23. Butylmethacrylaat [Dut
4. butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
14. Butyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
24. Poly(n-butyl methacryl
5. Butylmethacrylate
15. Butyl methacrylate homopolymer 25. UNII-R5QX287XXU
6. Methacrylic acid, butyl ester
16. Polybutyl methacrylate
7. 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester 17. 2-Methyl-butylacrylat

18. Methacrylate de butyle
8. Butyl 2-methacrylate
9. 2-Methyl-butylacrylate
10. Poly(butyl methacrylate)
26. Butil metacrilato [Italian

27. Methacrylic Acid Butyl
28. CCRIS 4760
19. 2-Methyl-butylacrylaat
29. HSDB 289
20. Methacrylsaeurebutylester
30. 2-Methyl-butylacrylaat
3.4 Create Date

2005-03-26
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4 Chemical and Physical Properties

4.1 Computed Properties
Molecular Weight
142.19556 g/mol
Molecular Formula
C8H14O2
XLogP3
2.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Rotatable Bond Count
Exact Mass
142.09938 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
142.09938 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
26.3 A^2
Heavy Atom Count
10
Formal Charge
Complexity
127
Isotope Atom Count
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
4.2 Experimental Properties

4.2.1 Physical Description
DryPowder
Liquid
COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

4.2.2 Color
Colorless liquid
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p.
201
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from HSDB [1] http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
4.2.3 Odor
Faint characteristic odor of esters
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F:
Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 3010
4.2.4 Boiling Point

160 deg C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca
Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-80

163 C
4.2.5 Melting Point

freezing point: less than -75 deg C
201

-50 C
4.2.6 Flash Point

126 deg F (52 deg C) (open cup)
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface
Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 325-26

50 C
4.2.7 Solubility
Very soluble in ethyl ether, ethanol
Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-80

In water, 800 mg/L at 25 deg C
Penzel E; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (2008). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons;
Polyacrylates. Online Posting Date: Jun 15, 2000.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25C: 0.08 (very poor)
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4.2.8 Density
0.8936 g/cu cm at 20 deg C
Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-80

Relative density (water = 1): 0.9
4.2.9 Vapor Density

4.8 (Air = 1)

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.9 ; Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1.01
4.2.10 Vapor Pressure

2.12 mm Hg at 25 deg C
Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington,
D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.

Vapour pressure, kPa at 20C: 0.3
4.2.11 LogP
log Kow = 2.88
Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC:
American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 48

2.26-3.01
4.2.12 Auto-Ignition
562 deg F
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons,
Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2400

290 C
4.2.13 Decomposition
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When heated to decomp it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

4.2.14 Viscosity
3.116 cP at 70 deg F
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

1.02 mm/s at 24C
4.2.15 Heat of Combustion

-14,800 BTU/lb = -8,230 cal/g = -344X10+5 J/kg (est)
4.2.16 Polymerization
Violent polymerization can be caused by heat, moisture, oxidizers.

Methyl methacrylate, and in general the methacrylic esters, polymerize much less readily than the corresponding
ordinary acrylates. Nonetheless, they are stabilized by adding hydroquinone or pyrogallol, particularly in the
presence of metallic copper. /Methacrylates/
Lefaux, R. Practical Toxicology of Plastics. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 1968., p. 88
4.2.17 Other Experimental Properties

Readily polymerized
201

Liquid water interfacial tension: 35 dynes/cm = 0.035 N/m at 20 deg C; Heat of polymerization: -180 BTU/lb = 100 cal/g = -4.2X10+5 J/kg; Reid vapor pressure: low

Liquid heat capacity: 0.460 BTU/lb-F at 70 deg F; Liquid thermal conductivity: 1.048 BTU-in/hr-sq ft-F at 70 deg
F; Saturated vapor density: 0.00203 lb/cu ft at 70 deg F
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It weighs about 7.5 lb/gal.
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation.
Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 110

Henry's Law constant = 4.96X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 deg C (est)
US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.0. Jan, 2009. Available from, as of Dec 21, 2009:
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 deg C (est)
US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.0. Jan, 2009. Available from, as of Dec 21, 2009:
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm
4.3 Spectral Properties

Index of refraction: 1.4240 at 20 deg C/D
Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-80

MAX ABSORPTION (ALC): 214 NM (LOG E= 3.83); SADTLER REF NUMBER: 14049 (IR, PRISM)
Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-465

IR: 4291 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)
Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca
Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V5: 4554

1H NMR: 7228 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V5: 4554

MASS: 768 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V5: 4554
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5 Related Records
5.1 Related Compounds with Annotation
Download
Literature (25)
Bioactivities (97)
4-n-butylanilino dATP
Patents (1253)
3-hepten-2-one
paladon
5.2 Related Compounds

Same Connectivity (3)
Same Parent, Connectivity (16)
Same Parent, Exact (14)
Mixtures, Components, and Neutralized Forms (385)
Similar Compounds (121)
Similar Conformers (2662)
5.3 Related Substances

All (1094)
Same (79)
Mixture (1015)
5.4 Entrez Crosslinks

PubMed (22)
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6 Chemical Vendors
Refine/Analyze
Download
Vendor/Supplier
Purchasable Chemical
PubChem SID
3B_SCI
3B4-1276
184608781
RTR-033101
204378198
TR-033101
135561518
ChemExper Chemical Directory
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Ambinter
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ZINC
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IS Chemical Technology
ChemMol
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7 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

7.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Recent studies have confirmed that alkyl-methacrylate esters are rapidly hydrolyzed by ubiquitous
carboxylesterases ... First pass (local) hydrolysis of the parent ester has been shown to be significant for all
routes of exposure. For example, no parent ester can be measured systemically following skin exposure to EMA
and larger esters, as the lower rate of absorption for these esters is within the metabolic capacity of the skin ...
Parent ester will also be effectively hydrolyzed within the G.I. tract and within the tissues of the upper respiratory
tract (particularly the olfactory tissue). Systemically absorbed parent ester will be effectively removed during the
first pass through the liver ... resulting in their relatively rapid elimination from the body ... /Short chain alkylmethacrylate esters/
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl
Methacrylates, CAS# 97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.16 (April 2004). Available from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
7.2 Metabolism/Metabolites
n-BMA, like MMA, is rapidly metabolized by body carboxylesterases ... Hydrolysis of n-BMA yields methacrylic
acid and n-butanol which are further metabolized by physiological pathways, methacroyl CoA being a
physiological substrate of the valine pathway.
European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl methacrylate (97-88-1) p.51 (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available
from, as of February 22, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Butyl methacrylate interacts with cytochrome P450 to form type 1 spectral complex.

In vitro hydrolysis of n-BMA was studied using a porcine liver esterase preparation. The Michaelis Menten
constant, Km, and Vmax were on the order of 30 uM and 1.49 nmol/min, indicating that n-BMA is readily
hydrolyzed by liver esterases. When compared to other methacrylic acid esters, increased chain length of the
ester increased substrate affinity but decreased the turnover of the enzymatic hydrolysis.

Acrylates and methacrylates are detoxified predominantly via conjugation with glutathione via the Michael
addition reaction or glutathione-S-transferase. They are also likely to be hydrolyzed via carboxylesterases. The
lower molecular weight esters are rapidly metabolized and eliminated, therefore, will not likely cause cumulative
toxicity.
Bisesi MS; Patty's Toxicology CD-ROM (2005). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Esters of Mono- and Alkenyl Carboxylic
Acids and Mono- and Polyalcohols. Online Posting Date: April 16, 2001.

Methyl methacrylate and other short chain alkyl-methacrylate esters are initially hydrolyzed by non-specific
carboxylesterases to methacrylic acid and the structurally corresponding alcohol in several tissues. Methacrylic
acid and the corresponding alcohol are subsequently cleared predominantly via the liver (valine pathway and the
TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, respectively). The carboxylesterases are a group of non-specific enzymes that are
widely distributed throughout the body and are known to show high activity within many tissues and organs,
including the liver, blood, GI tract, nasal epithelium and skin ... Those organs and tissues that play an important
role and/or contribute substantially to the primary metabolism of the short-chain, volatile, alkyl-methacrylate
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esters are the tissues at the primary point of exposure, namely the nasal epithelia and the skin, and systemically,
the liver and blood. /Short chain alkyl-methacrylate esters/
Methacrylates, CAS# 97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 pp.15-16 (April 2004). Available from, as of February 16,
2010: http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html

Recent studies have confirmed that alkyl-methacrylate esters are rapidly hydrolyzed by ubiquitous
carboxylesterases ... First pass (local) hydrolysis of the parent ester has been shown to be significant for all
routes of exposure. For example, no parent ester can be measured systemically following skin exposure to EMA
and larger esters, as the lower rate of absorption for these esters is within the metabolic capacity of the skin ...
Parent ester will also be effectively hydrolyzed within the G.I. tract and within the tissues of the upper respiratory
tract (particularly the olfactory tissue). Systemically absorbed parent ester will be effectively removed during the
first pass through the liver ... resulting in their relatively rapid elimination from the body ... /Short chain alkylmethacrylate esters/

Small quantities of methacrylates may readily be metabolized by saponification into the alcohol and methacrylic
acid. The latter may form an acetyl-co A derivative, which then enters the normal lipid
metabolism. /Methacrylates/
7.3 Mechanism of Action

The cause of the lacrimatory action of esters containing unsaturated acids is undoubtedly the result of some
mechanism ... in which the neighboring keto group has a polarizing effect on double bond, making it capable of
adding /to/ nucleophilic agents such as SH groups /from certain enzymes/. /Unsaturated aliphatic esters/
Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers,
1963., p. 1878
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8 Use and Manufacturing

8.1 Methods of Manufacturing
Reaction of methacrylic acid or methyl methacrylate with butanol.
201

The methacrylates can be synthesized by catalytic oxidation of isobutylene and subsequent esterification with
the appropriate alcohol, or by reacting acetone with hydrocyanic acid and subsequent esterification in sulfuric
acid with the appropriate alcohol. /Methacrylic esters/
8.2 Impurities
Typical impurities include Methyl acrylic acid (MAA) (CAS 79-41-4) or MMA (CAS 80-62-6) (depending whether
the direct esterification or trans-esterification route is used), the unreacted alcohol and water.
8.3 Formulations/Preparations
Technical grade (inhibited)
201

Inhibitor of polymerization: 9-15 ppm monomethyl ether or 90-120 ppm hydroquinone.
8.4 Consumption
Automotive coatings 46% (9.5% is after market), toners 28%, lubricants 11%, architectural paints 2%, other
lacquers and enamels 2.6%, powder coatings 9.6%, floor polishes 1%
8.5 U.S. Production
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(1972) > 4.54 X 10+5 g

SRI

(1975) > 4.54 X 10+5 g
SRI

(1993) 2.61 X 10+7 kg (2.61 X 10+10 g)
United States International Trade Commission. Synthetic Organic Chemicals - United States Production and Sales,
1993. USITC Publication 2810, Nov. 1994. Washington, D.C., p. 3-85

2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686).
Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994.
The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).
EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program. 2-Propenoic acid, 2methyl-, butyl ester (97-88-1). Available from, as of February 24, 2010:
http://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/general/opptsrch.htm

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.
Year
Production Range (pounds)
1986
>10 million - 50 million
1990
1994
1998
2002
US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002
Inventory Update Rule (IUR). 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester (97-88-1). Available from, as of February 24,
2010: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.html

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: 2Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester. Aggreated National Production Volume: 50 to < 100 million lbs.
US EPA; Non-Confidential 2006 Inventory Update Reporting. National Chemical Information. 2-Propenoic acid, 2methyl-, butyl ester (97-88-1). Available from, as of October 2, 2009: http://cfpub.epa.gov/iursearch/index.cfm?
s=chem&err=t
8.6 Analytic Laboratory Methods

METHOD WAS DEVELOPED FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY DETERMINATION OF METHYL ACRYLATE,
METHYL METHACRYLATE, BUTYL ACRYLATE, AND BUTYL METHACRYLATE IN AIR IN PRESENCE OF
SOME OTHER CMPD. THE METHOD CONSISTS OF THE DETERMINATION OF METHYL AND BUTYL
ESTERS IN PAIRS FROM DIFFERENT SAMPLES UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SEPARATION ON
COLUMNS CONTAINING 10% PMS-100 ON CELYTE-545, 10% KEE 60 ON CHROMOSORB-W, AND 7%
DDF ON CHROMOSORB-W. THE SENSITIVITY OF THE METHOD IS ... 0.002 MG/CU M FOR BUTYL
ACRYLATE AND BUTYL METHACRYLATE.
KOMRAKOVA EA, KUZNETSOVA LV; GIG SANIT 1: 43-5 (1981)
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THE ELECTRON-IMPACT AND METHANE CHEM-IONIZATION MASS SPECTRA OF SELECTED ACRYLATE

AND METHACRYLATE MONOMERS, INCLUDING BUTYL METHACRYLATE, COMMONLY USED IN DENTAL
MATERIALS ARE REPORTED AND DISCUSSED. THE TWO IONIZATION MODES COMPLEMENT EACH
OTHER, AND TOGETHER THE MASS SPECTRA OFFER ADEQUATE INFORMATION FOR IDENTIFICATION
PURPOSES. THE APPLICATION OF THE MASS SPECTRAL METHOD IS DEMONSTRATED ON RESINBASED DENTAL MATERIALS WITH IDENTIFICATION OF THE MONOMER CONTENT.
GJOES N ET AL; ANAL CHIM ACTA 149: 87-99 (1983)

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), polarography, and spectrometry are used for soln measurements.
Methacrylates in air have been analyzed by TLC, polarography, and colorimetry. Polarography has been used
for determination of any residual monomer in the polymer. A variety of spectroscopic techniques, eg, NMR, IR,
and Raman spectroscopy also have been used, particularly for analysis of surgical cements and dental
restorative resins. /Methacrylic acid & derivatives/
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 19781984., p. 15(81) 368
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9 Safety and Hazards

9.1 Hazards Identification
9.1.1 GHS Classification
Signal: WarningFlammable liquid and vapourCauses skin irritationCauses eye irritationMay cause an allergic
skin reactionMay cause respiratory irritationMay be harmful if swallowed and enters airwaysHarmful to aquatic
life
9.1.2 Fire Hazard

Flammable.
9.1.3 Explosion Hazard

Above 50C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.
9.1.4 Skin Hazard

Redness.
9.1.5 Inhalation Hazard

Sore throat. Cough. Shortness of breath.
9.1.6 Eye Hazard

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain.
9.1.7 Ingestion Hazard

Cough. Sore throat. Abdominal cramps. Nausea.
9.1.8 Fire Potential

Flammable
Commission of the European Communities. Legislation on Dangerous Substances - Classification and Labelling in the
European Communities. Vol. II. London and Trotman Ltd., 1989., p. 358
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9.1.9 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Contact can irritate the eyes and skin. Inhalation can irritate the respiratory tract with coughing, wheezing, and/or
shortness of breath.
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes
Publications, 2002., p. 420

Irritating to eyes, resp system and skin.
9.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

9.2.1 Flammability
Lower flammable limit: 2% in air; Upper flammable limit: 8% in air (estimates)
9.2.2 NFPA Hazard Classification

Health: 1. 1 = Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-26

Flammability: 2. 2 = Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient
temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials in this degree would not under normal conditions form
hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release
vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.

Instability: 2. 2 = Materials that readily undergo violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and
pressures.
9.2.3 Physical Danger

As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.
9.2.4 Chemical Danger

The substance may polymerize due to heating, under the influence of moisture, oxidants or light. This generates
fire or explosion hazard.
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9.2.5 Occupational Exposure Limits

TLV not established.MAK: Sensitization of skin (SH); (DFG 2009).EU OEL ( selected):.
9.2.6 Inhalation Risk

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached
on evaporation at 20C.
9.2.7 Effects of Short Term Exposure

Lachrymation. The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. If swallowed the substance may
cause vomiting and could result in aspiration pneumonitis. Medical observation is indicated.
9.2.8 Effects of Long Term Exposure

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.
9.2.9 Explosive Limits and Potential

Lower explosive limit: 2%; Upper explosive limit: 8%.

Forms an explosive mixture with air.

Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame.

Explosive limits, vol% in air: 1-8
9.3 First Aid Measures

9.3.1 Fire First Aid
Use foam, carbon dioxide.
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9.3.2 Explosion First Aid

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
9.3.3 Inhalation First Aid

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.
9.3.4 Skin First Aid

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .
9.3.5 Eye First Aid

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).
9.3.6 Ingestion First Aid

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .
9.4 Fire Fighting Measures

Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding
quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of
water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Butyl
methacrylate, combustible liquid, N.O.S.,and n-butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 151-2
9.5 Accidental Release Measures

9.5.1 Spillage Disposal
Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the
substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb
remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
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9.5.2 Cleanup Methods

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated
sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations.
Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively,
pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the
governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given
to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and
disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with
EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal
requirements for disposal.
Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until
cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive
limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed
containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose
of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream
users of potentially contaminated waters.
9.5.3 Disposal Methods

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity
for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material
for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and
conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Options for disposal of waste or spilled material: large quantities can be returned to the manufacturer for recycle.
Small quantities may be incinerated under controlled conditions in incinerators suitable for methacrylates.
Combustion products include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. The product must be disposed of as
special waste in accordance with regulations for special waste.
9.5.4 Other Preventative Measures

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or
detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including
the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection
equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or
corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific
cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn
even when contact lenses are in place.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal
contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the
efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being
returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at
end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
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... Hazard is the generation of considerable exothermic heat in some of the reactions, so that high pressures &
temp may develop. This danger ... should be borne in mind when designing plant. Awareness of the dangers and
of good engineering design are essential to safety. Employees should be instructed about the necessity of
cleansing the skin if it is contaminated by materials which are irritants or skin-absorbed. With careful design,
however, and complete enclosure of those processes where toxic chemicals or intermediates occur, dangerous
exposures can be avoided. /Acrylic acid & derivatives/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Labour Office, 1983., p. 53

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep
meterial out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knockdown vapors. /Butyl methacrylate, combustible liquid, N.O.S.,and n-butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 152

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing
appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with
copious amountt of water and soap and water. /Butyl methacrylate, combustible liquid, N.O.S.,and n-butyl
methacrylate, stabilized/

Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
9.6 Handling and Storage

9.6.1 Safety Storage
Fireproof. Separated from oxidants. Cool. Dry. Keep in the dark. Store only if stabilized. Store in an area without
drain or sewer access.
9.6.2 Storage Conditions

Temp during storage must be kept low to minimize formation of peroxides and other oxidation products ...
Storage temp below 30 deg C are recommended for the polyfunctional methacrylates ... The methacrylate
monomers should not be stored for longer than one year. Shorter storage times are recommended for the
aminomethacrylates, ie, three months, and the polyfunctional methacrylates, ie, six months. Many of these cmpd
are sensitive to UV light and should, therefore, be stored in the dark. The methacrylic esters may be stored in
mild steel, stainless steel, or aluminum. /Methacrylic acid & derivatives/

Protect against physical damage. Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to
make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Outside or detached storage is preferred ... Store in
tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from incompatible materials ..., light, and heat. Butyl
methacrylate should be kept refrigerated and inhibited with 10 ppm hydroquinone monomethylether. Metal
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containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with
self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment,
especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open
flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
9.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

9.7.1 Fire Prevention
NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking.
9.7.2 Explosion Prevention

Above 50C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment. Prevent build-up of
electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).
9.7.3 Exposure Prevention

AVOID ALL CONTACT!
9.7.4 Inhalation Prevention

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.
9.7.5 Skin Prevention

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
9.7.6 Eye Prevention

Wear safety goggles.
9.7.7 Ingestion Prevention

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
9.7.8 Protective Equipment and Clothing
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Suitable protective clothing and self-contained respiratory protective apparatus should be available for use of
those who may have to rescue persons overcome by fumes. /Acrylic acid and derivatives/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Labour Office, 1983., p. 53

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective glove, boots and goggles. /Butyl methacrylate,
combustible liquid, N.O.S.,and n-butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
9.8 Stability and Reactivity

9.8.1 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
May accumulate static electrical charges and cause ignition of its vapors.
9.9 Transport Information

9.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines
/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion:
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with
air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread
along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors,
outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or
involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated.
Many liquids are lighter than water. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause
toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and
eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff
from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL
Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area
for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of
low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing:
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will
only provide limited protection. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
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/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Evacuation: Large spill:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is
involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800
meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire: CAUTION: All
these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not use
straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer
loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with
flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting
safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use
unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /n-Butyl
methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Spill or Leak:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used
when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can
do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing
foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and
transfer to containers. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of
liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. /nButyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ First Aid: Move victim
to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer
oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with
substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and
water. Keep victim warm and quiet. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with
cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact)
to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take
precautions to protect themselves. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
9.9.2 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that
person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged,
marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials
regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA
Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier
regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
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IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 38th ed. Montreal, Canada and Geneva, Switzerland: International Air Transport
Association, Dangerous Goods Board, January, 1997., p. 113

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous
chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good
practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also
been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to
be used when shipping any substance or article.
IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; International Maritime Organization p.3121-3 (1988)
9.9.3 EC Classification
Symbol: Xi; R: 10-36/37/38-43; S: (2); Note: D
9.9.4 UN Classification
UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III
9.9.5 Emergency Response

NFPA Code: H1; F2; R2.
9.10 Regulatory Information

9.10.1 TSCA Requirements
Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The
section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and
mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Butyl methacrylate is
included on this list. Effective date 4/13/89; Sunset date: 12/19/95.
40 CFR 716.120 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal
Regulations. Available from, as of February 22, 2010: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment
information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.
Effective date 9/30/91; Reporting date: 11/27/91.
40 CFR 712.30 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
Available from, as of February 22, 2010: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr
9.10.2 FDA Requirements

Homopolymers and copolymers of butyl methacrylate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of
adhesives.
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21 CFR 175.105 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal
Regulations. Available from, as of February 22, 2010: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr
9.11 Other Safety Information

9.11.1 Toxic Combustion Products
Poisonous gases are produced in fire.
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10 Toxicity
10.1 Toxicological Information
10.1.1 Exposure Routes
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
10.1.2 Interactions
Some compounds, such as the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or butyl methacrylates can produce inhibition of barium
chloride-induced contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum.
10.1.3 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start
artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as
trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not
induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to
maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature.
Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition,
Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 253

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if
necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by
nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if
necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with
water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For
ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a
strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is
unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation
techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... .
Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep
open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present.
For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is
hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to
assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/
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10.1.4 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... In 542 dermatitis patients given covered patch tests with 1% EMA or 1%
nBMA in petrolatum, one individual responded to EMA and another to both EMA and nBMA ... No reactions were
seen in 22 contact dermatitis patients given 24-hr covered patch tests with esters within the category at a
concentration of 1% in petrolatum ... The contact dermatitis of many of the tested individuals was attributed to
(meth)acrylate exposure ... The prevalence of positive clinical challenge responses /was reported/ in dental
clinicians that had been referred with dermatitis and suspected of having allergy to (meth)acrylates as 1.2%
(51/4221) for MMA, 0.7% (16/2323) for EMA and 0.3% (1/347) for BMA ... The prevalence in a similar, preselected clinical cohort /was reported/ as 0.8% (9/1161) for MMA and 0.3% (2/625) for EMA ... The prevalence of
positive clinical challenge tests in patients referred with dermatitis with previous contact with (meth)acrylates was
reported as 4.8% (17/352) for MMA, 4.4% (11/246) for EMA and 0.6% (2/331) for BMA ... Cross-reactivity with
common acrylates (i.e. between methacrylates and acrylates) has not been observed ... and methacrylic acid,
the common hydrolysis product for these methacrylate esters, is not a contact allergen ... /Short chain alkylmethacrylate esters/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... In 542 dermatitis patients given covered patch tests with 1% EMA or 1%
nBMA in petrolatum, one individual responded to EMA and another to both EMA and nBMA ... No reactions were
seen in 22 contact dermatitis patients given 24-hr covered patch tests with esters within the category at a
concentration of 1% in petrolatum ... The contact dermatitis of many of the tested individuals was attributed to
(meth)acrylate exposure ... The prevalence of positive clinical challenge responses /was reported/ in dental
clinicians that had been referred with dermatitis and suspected of having allergy to (meth)acrylates as 1.2%
(51/4221) for MMA, 0.7% (16/2323) for EMA and 0.3% (1/347) for BMA ... The prevalence in a similar, preselected clinical cohort /was reported/ as 0.8% (9/1161) for MMA and 0.3% (2/625) for EMA ... The prevalence of
positive clinical challenge tests in patients referred with dermatitis with previous contact with (meth)acrylates was
reported as 4.8% (17/352) for MMA, 4.4% (11/246) for EMA and 0.6% (2/331) for BMA ... Cross-reactivity with
common acrylates (i.e. between methacrylates and acrylates) has not been observed ... and methacrylic acid,
the common hydrolysis product for these methacrylate esters, is not a contact allergen ... /Short chain alkylmethacrylate esters/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: Contact can irritate the eyes and skin. Inhalation can irritate
the respiratory tract with coughing, wheezing, and/or shortness of breath. Higher exposures can cause
pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Long
Term Exposure: Butyl methacrylate may cause skin allergy.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Although there are notable exceptions to the rule, esters of organic acids are
generally of low toxicity. Nonspecific irritative effects are commonly associated with the presence of a double
bond in these esters which, if saturated, would be essentially harmless. Conjunctivitis and upper airway
symptoms may occur and pulmonary edema is possible in case of massive over-exposure. These irritating
unsaturated esters include the acrylates, methacrylates ... /Esters/
Hamilton, A., and H. L. Hardy. Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed. Acton, Mass.: Publishing Sciences Group, Inc., 1974., p.
313

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May cause sensitization by skin contact.
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/CASE REPORTS/ A case /was reported/ of cross-reactivity between methacrylate esters when a patient
reportedly sensitized to EMA reacted upon challenge with n-BMA ...

/CASE REPORTS/ A case /was reported/ of cross-reactivity between methacrylate esters when a patient
reportedly sensitized to EMA reacted upon challenge with n-BMA ...

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ For (meth)acrylates, methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate(EA), nbutyl acrylate (BA) and n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and for living cells, primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF),
human submandibular gland adenocarcinoma cell line (HSG), and human erythrocytes were used. The
physicochemical changes in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes induced by (meth)acrylates were
studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
Cytotoxicity decreased as follows: BA > BMA > EA > MMA. Changes in phase transition properties (temperature
Tm, enthalpy delta H and Height/Half-Height Width (H/HHW) of DSC peak were decreased as follows: BA > EA
> MMA. BMA enhanced H/HHW and increased Tm slightly. NMR-shielding effect decreased as follows: BMA >
MMA > BA, EA. /It was concluded that/ BA and BMA exhibited large cytotoxicity and high DPPC-interaction due
to their lipophilicity, compared to EA or MMA. MMA showed little cytotoxicity and small changes in DPPC
liposomes, whereas BA showed large cytotoxicity and large changes in the liposomes characterized by the
membrane disturbance. Hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of acrylates were higher than those of methacrylates.
The physico-chemical properties (Log P or Q sigma) of (meth)acrylates affect the lipid bilayer in biological
membranes.
Fujisawa S et al; Oral Dis 6 (4): 215-21 (2000). Available from, as of February 3, 2010:

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ These unsaturated esters acquire marked irritant, and in some cases,
lacrimatory properties. /Unsaturated aliphatic esters/
Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers,
1963., p. 1877

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Methacrylates exhibit low to moderate acute toxicity, produce slight to
moderate skin and eye irritation, and generally are considered to be sensitizers with cross-sensitization potential.
In addition, depending upon volatility, these materials also may be sensory irritants ... The toxicity of
methacrylates with reactive functional groups, eg, amino or glycidyl, on the alcohol portion of the ester should be
considered individually because the biological activity of a particular methacrylate monomer may be determined
by the reactive functional group rather than by the methacryl portion of the molecule. /Methacrylates/
10.1.5 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Guinea pigs could be strongly sensitized to methyl, ethyl, and nbutyl methacrylates in ethanol or olive oil by topical route, or in saline by intradermal route.
Chung CW, Giles AL Jr; J Invest Dermatol 68 (4): 187-90 (1977)
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/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Methacrylic acid administered iv increased respiratory rate,
decreased heart rate, and produced electrocardiogram changes in anesthetized dogs (breed and sex unknown).
Methacrylic acid, methyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, and hydroxyethyl methacrylates produced a biphasic
response, an abrupt fall in blood pressure followed by a secondary rise. 2-ethylhexyl, isodecyl, lauryl, and tertbutylaminoethyl methacrylates produced only a hypotensive effect. Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate produced
only a hypertensive effect.
Mir GM et al; J Pharm Sci 63 (3): 376-81 (1974)

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Twenty-one different acrylate, and methacrylate compounds,
including butyl methacrylate, were scanned for their ability to induce contact sensitivity, using 5 different
sensitization protocols. Contact reactions of varying intensities were produced to all the mono-, di-, and
triacrylates tested. Methacrylates did not sensitize guinea pigs.
Parker D, Turk JL; Contact Dermatitis 9 (1): 55-60 (1983)

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Whole body inhalation exposure of CDBR rats
(sex not given) was conducted for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week at 310, 952, and 1891 ppm (OECD Guideline 412). All
animals were necropsied at the end of the 4 week exposure period. Body weight, feed consumption, clinical
signs, clinical chemistry, hematology, organ weight, and histopathologic evaluations were performed on all
animals during this study. The only treatment related signs of toxicity observed were inactivity, lacrimation, eye
squinting, and labored breathing. These signs were observed sporadically during exposure throughout the study
in rats exposed to 952 or 1981 ppm n-BMA. Body weights and feed consumption were not affected by exposure
to BMA. No deaths occurred at any concentration. At necropsy the only organ weight effect was a statistical
increase in kidney weight to body weight ratio at 1981 ppm in males and females. However, the absolute kidney
weights for this group were not statistically significantly increased. Therefore, in the absence of corresponding
histologic effects, hematology, or clinical chemistry findings, this increase in relative kidney weight was judged as
not being of toxicological significance. Macroscopic examination of the nasal cavaties of the male and female
rats exposed to 1981 ppm had slight and localized bilateral degeneration of the olfactory epithelium lining of the
dorsal meati. One male and one female rat exposed to 952 ppm had similar changes in the olfactory epithelium.
Rats exposed to 310 ppm had no exposure related nasal cavity macroscopic changes. On the basis of the most
sensitive indicator of toxicity, the histopathologic changes seen in the nasal cavaties, the LOEL was 952 ppm
and the NOEL was 310 ppm.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ MMA was shown to cross react to ethyl- and nbutyl methacrylate /in guinea pigs/.
European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Methyl methacrylate (80-62-6) p.161 (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In an OECD Guideline 412 Repeated Dose 28day inhalation study, 10 male and 10 female rats were exposed by whole body to 0, 310, 952, and 1891 ppm
(0,1832, 5626, 11175 mg/cu m) n-BMA for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Treatment-related effects included
lacrimation, eye squinting, and labored breathing in the 952 and 1891 ppm (5626 and 11175 mg/cu m)
concentration groups throughout the study. There were no treatment-related effects on body weight or feed
consumption, and no deaths occurred. Hematological measurements and clinical chemistry values generally
were unaffected by treatment. Despite increased relative kidney weights at the high concentration (1891
ppm/11175 mg/cu m) in both sexes, and slight increases in serum BUN values (resulting in increased
BUN:creatinine ratio), histopathology of the kidneys was normal. The only treatment-related histopathological
finding was localized bilateral degeneration of olfactory epithelium lining the dorsal meatus of the nasal cavity at
952 and 1891 ppm (5626 and 11175 mg/cu m) in both sexes. The Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
(LOAEL) for n-BMA was 952 ppm (5626 mg/cu m) and the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 310
ppm (1832 mg/cu m)
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/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ A group of nine guinea pigs was initially treated
with 0.0077 mL of Ethyl Methacrylate in olive oil on day 60 (as controls) and was challenged with 2% and 5%
Ethyl Methacrylate in olive oil on day 95. Positive reactions were observed in all of the animals after 72 hours.
When the guinea pigs from both groups were challenged a second or fourth time with Ethyl Methacrylate and
either 1% methyl methacrylate or 1% butyl methacrylate, strong cross-sensitivity was observed.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; Int J Toxicol 21 (Suppl 1): 63-79 (2002). Available from, as of March 1, 2010:

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Female rats, strain unknown, were
administered n-BMA ip on days 5, 10, and 15 of gestation at doses of 205, 411, and 686 mg/kg. A control group
received vehicle only. Increased resorptions at 686 mg/kg and increased incidence of gross abnormalities at 686
mg/kg. No significant increase in skeletal abnormalities. No signs of maternal toxicity reported by the author
despite the very high doses being used compared with the LD50 (between 2059 and 2400 mg/kg for the ip
route). The intraperitoneal route is not usually considered an appropriate route for the identification of teratogenic
hazard of industrial chemicals and particularly industrial chemicals that are primary irritants.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ The influence of n-BMA on resting and compound action potential of
the isolated desheathed frog sciatic nerve was investigated. 5 min after addition of a 25 mmol n-BMA solution to
the nerve preparation a hyperpolarization of the nerve membrane was observed (-2.0 mV), and the amplitude of
the action potential was reduced by about 38%.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ Monomeric methyl methacrylate at concentrations of approx 10 mmol
decreased the amplitude of action potential of desheathed amphibian sciatic nerve and produced
hyperpolarization of resting potential. The ethyl, allyl, and butyl esters were more active than methyl
methacrylate. Isobutyl methacrylate was less active, and sodium methacrylate had no effect. Sodium and
potassium currents across the nerve membrane at the node of Ranvier were decreased by methyl methacrylate.
Boehling HG et al; Arch Toxicol 38 (3): 307-14 (1977)

/GENOTOXICITY/ Butyl methacrylate was evaluated for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome
preincubation assay using the standard protocol approved by the National Toxicology Program. Butyl
methacrylate was tested at doses of 0, 1.0, 3.3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3333, and 10,000 ug/plate in four
Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) in the presence and absence of Aroclorinduced rat or hamster liver S9. Butyl methacrylate was negative in these tests and the highest ineffective dose
level tested in any Salmonella tester strain was 10,000 ug/plate.
Zeiger E et al; Environ Mutagen 9: 1-110 (1987)

/GENOTOXICITY/ Micronucleus assay in NMRI mice (sex not given), single dose of 5000 mg/kg (1% in
carboxymethyl cellulose), OECD Guideline 474, test substance: isobutyl methacrylate. Mortality: 2 male and 1
female animals; a decrease in PCE/NCE ratio was observed. The number of micronucleated polychromatic cells
in animals given isobutyl methacrylate was similar to that obtained in control animals. Results: negative. /Isobutyl
methacrylate/
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/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Concentration effecting 5% hemolysis = 2.77 x 10-4 mol/L.
Concentration effecting 50% hemolysis = 3.83 x 10-4 mol/L. Slope of dose-response area between 40 and 60%
hemolysis = 8.76 x 10-5%/mol

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ In isolated liver microsomes from rats (sex and strain not given)
pretreated with phenobarbital, incubation with butyl methacrylate in the presence of NADPH decreased the
content of cytochrome P450.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ n-Butyl methacrylate did not competitively inhibit binding of 2-(4hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) to bovine serum albumin.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Spontaneous contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum was inhibited by nBMA at dilutions of 1:500 - 1:2000 in the perfusion medium. n-BMA antagonized the effects of acetylcholine and
barium chloride, thus affecting the neuromuscular as well as the muscular stimulation.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The toxicity of 6 acrylates and 6 methacrylates, including butyl
methacrylate, was determined in rats (strain and sex not given) and fish (species not given). All the esters were
less toxic than acrylamide and acrylonitrile. Methacrylates were approximately 5-fold less toxic than acrylates.
For a given series, toxicity decreased with increasing length of the carbon chain.
Paulet G, Vidal M; Arch Mal Prof Med Trac Secur Soc 36 (1-2): 58-60 (1975)
10.1.6 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Mouse oral 15,800 mg/kg
Kustova ZR et al; Khim Prom-St, Ser; Toksikol Sanit Khim Plastmass (3): 15-8 (1979)

LD50 Mouse sc 2,600 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 16,000 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 22,600 mg/kg

LC50 Rat ihl 4910 ppm/4 hr
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LC50 Rat inhalation 19.7 mg/L (approx 3388 ppm) (hypercolemia of organs, emphysematous swelling and point
hemorrhages of lungs; circulation disturbances in the organs persisted for 2 weeks, emphysema and lung
hemorrhages for one month)

LD50 Rat ip 2304 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 12,900 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 1490 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse sc 2600 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit oral > 6,300 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit oral 25,000 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit skin 11,300 mg/kg
10.1.7 Ecotoxicity Values

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka); Conditions: semi-static; Concentration: 5.57 mg/L for 24 hr
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LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: flow-through; Concentration: 11 mg/L for
96 hr

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (goldfish); Conditions: static; Concentration: 112 mg/L for 72 hr

EC50; Species: Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifer, age <2 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 deg C, pH 7.5;
Concentration: 128 mg/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 640-193 mg/L); Effect: decreased reproduction,
progeny counts/numbers />99.5% purity/
Radix P et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18 (10): 2178-85 (1999) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of
January 28, 2010: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: static, closed vessels; Concentration: 32 mg/L for 48
hr; Effect: immobilization

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: static, closed vessels; Concentration: 25.4 mg/L for 48
hr; Effect: immobilization

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (algae); Conditions: static; Concentration: 130 mg/L for 72 hr;
Effect: growth rate

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (algae); Conditions: static; Concentration: 31.2 mg/L for 72 hr;
Effect: growth rate

EC50; Species: Pseudomonas putida (bacteria); Concentration: >253.6 mg/L for 18 hr /test substance purity
99.8%/ /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/
10.2 Ecological Information
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10.2.1 ICSC Environmental Data

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.
10.2.2 Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary

n-Butyl methacrylate's production and use in dental technology, acrylic surface coatings, as a monomer for
resins, solvent coatings, adhesives, oil additives, in emulsions for textiles, and in leather and paper finishing may
result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of
2.12 mm Hg at 25 deg C indicates n-butyl methacrylate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vaporphase n-butyl methacrylate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced
hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 17 hours and 1 day,
respectively. n-Butyl methacrylate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and
therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-butyl
methacrylate is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 55. Volatilization from moist soil
surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.0X104 atm-cu m/mole. n-Butyl methacrylate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure.
Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 88% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that
biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, n-butyl methacrylate is not
expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water
surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law
constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.6 hours and 5.4 days,
respectively. An estimated BCF of 37 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is
moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 80
and 8 years at pHs 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to n-butyl methacrylate may occur through
inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-butyl methacrylate is produced or
used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-butyl methacrylate via
inhalation and dermal contact with consumer products containing n-butyl methacrylate. (SRC)
10.2.3 Artificial Sources

n-Butyl methacrylate's production and use in dental technology, acrylic surface coatings(1), as a monomer for
resins, solvent coatings, adhesives, oil additives, in emulsions for textiles, and in leather and paper finishing(2)
may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
(1) Clayton GB, Clayton FE, eds; Patty's Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc. p. 3010 (1994) (2)
Lewis RJ Sr; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 15th ed., New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 201 (2007)
10.2.4 Environmental Fate

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 55(SRC), determined
from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-butyl methacrylate is expected to have high mobility in
soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-butyl methacrylate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate
process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor
pressure, 2.12 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 800 mg/L(4). n-Butyl methacrylate is expected to volatilize from
dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 88% of the theoretical
BOD was reached in 4 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil
(SRC).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.0. Jan,
2009. Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm as of Jan 28, 2010. (3) Daubert TE, Danner
RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst Phys Prop Data, Amer
Inst Chem Eng. New York, NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp 5 Vol (1989) (4) Penzel E; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry. 7th ed. (2008). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Polyacrylates. Online Posting Date: Jun 15, 2000. (5)
3/16/2015
Page 40 of 48
NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech
Eval. Available from http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html as of Jan 28, 2010.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 55(SRC), determined from a
structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-butyl methacrylate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids
and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law
constant of 5.0X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.12 mm Hg(4), and water solubility,
800 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model
river and model lake are 5.6 hours and 5.4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an
estimated BCF of 37(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.88(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the
potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an
important process(SRC) based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 80 and 8 years at pHs 7 and 8, respectively
(9). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 88% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(10) indicating that
biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.0. Jan,
2009. Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm as of Jan 28, 2010. (3) Lyman WJ et al;
Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)
(4) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst
Phys Prop Data, Amer Inst Chem Eng. New York, NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp 5 Vol (1989) (5) Penzel E; Ullmann's
Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (2008). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Polyacrylates. Online Posting
Date: Jun 15, 2000. (6) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) (7) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR.
Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer
Chem Soc p. 48 (1995) (8) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72 (1999) (9) Mill T et al; Environmental
Fate and Exposure Studies Development of a PC-SAR for Hydrolysis: Esters, Alkyl Halides and Epoxides. EPA
Contract No. 68-02-4254. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International (1987) (10) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform
(CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available from
http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html as of Jan 28, 2010.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in
the atmosphere(1), n-butyl methacrylate, which has a vapor pressure of 2.12 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), is expected
to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-butyl methacrylate is degraded in the
atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in
air is estimated to be 17 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25
deg C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase n-butyl methacrylate is also
degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1
day(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) that was
derived using a structure estimation method(3). n-Butyl methacrylate does not contain chromophores that absorb
at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988) (2) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic
Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst Phys Prop Data, Amer Inst Chem Eng NY, NY:
Hemisphere Pub Corp 5 Vol (1987) (3) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993) (4) Lyman WJ et al;
Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 8-12 (1990)
10.2.5 Biodegredation
AEROBIC: n-Butyl methacrylate reached 38% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days(1). n-butyl methacrylate,
present at 100 mg/L, reached 88% of its Theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30
mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(2).
(1) Greim H et al; Chemosphere 31: 2637-659 (1995) (2) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP).
Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available from
http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html as of Jan 28, 2010.
10.2.6 Abiotic Degredation
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The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-butyl methacrylate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl
radicals has been estimated as 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) using a structure estimation
method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 17 hours at an atmospheric concentration of
5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-butyl methacrylate
with ozone has been estimated as 1.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) that was derived using a
structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1 day at an atmospheric
concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate
constant of 2.7X10-3 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(3); this corresponds
to half-lives of 80 and 8 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(3). n-Butyl methacrylate does not contain
chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct
photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993) (2) Atkinson R, Carter WPL; Chem Rev 84: 437-70
(1984) (3) Mill T et al; Environmental Fate and Exposure Studies Development of a PC-SAR for Hydrolysis: Esters,
Alkyl Halides and Epoxides. EPA Contract No. 68-02-4254. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International (1987) (4) Lyman WJ et
al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 8-12 (1990)
10.2.7 Bioconcentration
An estimated BCF of 37 was calculated in fish for n-butyl methacrylate(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.88(1) and a
regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for
bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).
(1) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR,
consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 48 (1995) (2) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72
(1999) (3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)
10.2.8 Soil Adsorption/Mobility

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-butyl methacrylate
can be estimated to be 55(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that
n-butyl acrylate is expected to have high mobility in soil.
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.0. Jan, 2009. Available at
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm as of Jan 28, 2010. (2) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28
(1983)
10.2.9 Volatilization from Water/Soil

The Henry's Law constant for n-butyl methacrylate is estimated as 5.0X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from
its vapor pressure, 2.12 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 800 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that nbutyl methacrylate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the
volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as
5.6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5
m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.4 days(SRC). n-butyl acrylate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that
volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of n-butyl methacrylate
from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).
(1) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst
Phys Prop Data, Amer Inst Chem Eng NY, NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp 5 Vol (1989) (2) Penzel E; Ullmann's
Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (2008). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Polyacrylates. Online Posting Date:
Jun 15, 2000. (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem
Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)
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10.2.10 Atmospheric Concentrations

INDOOR: n-Butyl methacrylate has been identified as a volatile component of furniture surface coatings,
concentration not specified(1).
(1) Salthammer T; Indoor Air 7: 189-97 (1997)
10.2.11 Other Environmental Concentrations

n-Butyl methacrylate was identified as a volatile component of paint-coated steel plates heated to 350 deg C,
concentration ranging from 1 to 70 mg/cu m(1).
(1) Salthammer T; Indoor Air 7: 189-97 (1997) (2) Henriks-Eckerman MJ et al; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 51: 241-44 (1990)
10.2.12 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in
the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for n-butyl methacrylate is 1000 or greater; the data may be
greatly underestimated(1).
(1) US EPA; Inventory Update Reporting (IUR). Non-confidential 2006 IUR Records by Chemical, including
Manufacturing, Processing and Use Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available
from, as of March 1, 2010: http://cfpub.epa.gov/iursearch/index.cfm

Occupational exposure to n-butyl methacrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this
compound at workplaces where n-butyl methacrylate is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that
the general population may be exposed to n-butyl methacrylate via inhalation and dermal contact with consumer
products containing n-butyl methacrylate. (SRC)
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11 Literature
11.1 Depositor Provided PubMed Citations
Depositor Provided PubMed Citation Count (22)
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Page 44 of 48
12 Patents
12.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers
Refine/Analyze
1 to 10 of 17,674
3 ... 1,768
Download
Relevance
Patent
Submitted
Process for producing aqueous emulsions of vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate/ethylene

terpolymers [US4123405]
1978-10-31
Hydrophilic contact lens [US4123407]
1978-10-31
Hydrogel contact lens [US4123408]
1978-10-31
Polyvinylidene chloride resin compositions [US4123477]
1978-10-31
Technique for promoting the solderability of a metal surface [US4123562]
1978-10-31
Process for the production of color television picture tubes [US4123563]
1978-10-31
Color diffusion transfer receiving layer comprising polymeric quaternary nheterocyclic mordant [US4124386]
1978-11-07
Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent reducible acrylic enamel of improved quality

[US4124551]
1978-11-07
Method for the preparation of a composition containing polycarbamoyl sulphonates

from polyisocyanates [US4124553]
1978-11-07
Water reducible coating compositions containing copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and

unsaturated carboxylic acid and containing a solvent and a volatile amine
[US4124555]
1978-11-07
Granted
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Page 45 of 48
13 Biological Test Results

13.1 BioAssay Results
Refine/Analyze
1 to 10 of 86
3 ... 9
Download
Relevance
Activity
Substance
BioAssay
inactive
Potency
144207359
qHTS assay for small molecule disruptors of the mitochondrial membrane potential:
Summary [AID: 720637]
inactive
Potency
144207359
qHTS assay for small molecule agonists of the p53 signaling pathway: Summary
[AID: 720552]
inactive
Potency
144207359
qHTS assay for small molecules that induce genotoxicity in human embryonic kidney
cells expressing luciferase-tagged ATAD5: Summary [AID: 720516]
inactive
Potency
144207359
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR)

signaling pathway: Summary [AID: 743239]
inactive
Potency
144207359
qHTS assay for small molecule activators of the heat shock response signaling
pathway: Summary [AID: 743228]
inactive
Potency
144207359
qHTS assay for small molecule agonists of the antioxidant response element (ARE)
inactive
144207359
qHTS assay to identify small molecule antagonists of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor delta (PPARd) signaling pathway: Summary [AID: 743226]
inactive
Potency
144207359
qHTS assay to identify small molecule antagonists of the thyroid receptor (TR)
inactive
Potency
144207359
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
inactive
Potency
144207359
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the androgen receptor (AR)
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Page 46 of 48
14 Classification
14.1 Ontologies
14.1.1 WIPO IPC
Refine/Analyze
1 to 10 of 6,679
List View
3 ... 668
Download
Tree View
A61P11/08 - Bronchodilators
A61P13/00 - Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
A61P13/02 - of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
A61P13/08 - of the prostate
A61P15/00 - Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
A61P15/16 - Masculine contraceptives
A61P17/00 - Drugs for dermatological disorders
A61P17/06 - Antipsoriatics
A61P17/10 - Anti-acne agents
A61P19/08 - for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
from WIPO [8] http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/
14.2 Substance Categorization Classification

Download
Bioassay Screening Results (1)

Biological Properties (11)
Chemical Reactions (4)
Database Vendor (1)
3/16/2015
Page 47 of 48
Journal Publishers (1)

NIH Molecular Libraries (1)
Patents (9)
Physical Properties (12)
Substance Vendors (44)
Theoretical Properties (6)
Toxicology (6)
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Page 48 of 48
15 Information Sources
1. n-Butyl methacrylate from HSDB 289 http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?
dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
2. 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylpropyl ester, homopolymer from EPA Chemical Data Report 9011-158 http://www.epa.gov/cdr/
3. 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester from EPA Chemical Data Report 97-88-1 http://www.epa.gov/cdr/
4. BUTYL METHACRYLATE from ILO-ICSC 1018 http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?
p_card_id=1018
Peer-Review Status: 25.11.2009 Validated
5. ECHA 202-615-1 http://echa.europa.eu/

6. FDA/SPL Indexing data R5QX287XXU
http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/StructuredProductLabeling/ucm377913.htm
7. PubChem http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
8. International Patent Classification 2015 from WIPO IPC http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) International Patent Classification (IPC) provides for a hierarchical
system of language independent symbols for the classification of patents and utility models according to the different
areas of technology to which they pertain.
3/16/2015

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BUTYL METHACRYLATE | C8H14O2 - PubChem

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National Center for Biotechnology Information

Compound Summary for CID 7354

Also known as: 97-88-1, N-Butyl methacrylate, butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate,

Molecular Weight: InChI Key: