BlaineHanson

DepartmentofLand,AirandWaterResources
UniversityofCalifornia,Davis

Deep Well Turbine

HowdoIdeterminethe
conditionofmypump?
Answer:Conductapumpingplanttest
andevaluatetheresultsusingthe
manufacturerspumpperformancedata
Selftest:maybedifficulttodo
Hireapumpingplanttester

Eo =overallpumpingplantefficiency(wiretowater)
includesefficiencyofelectricmotororengine
Q=flowrateorcapacity(gallonsperminute)
H=totalhead(feet)
IHP=inputhorsepowerofmotororengine
3960=conversionfactor

Deepwellturbine
Pumpinglift measuredinsidethewellcasing
Dischargepressurehead=pressure(psi)x2.31
Totalhead=pumpinglift+pressurehead

Boosterpump
Pressuredifferencebetweenpumpdischargeandpumpintake
Totalhead=pressuredifferencex2.31

Deep well turbine

Motor
Ground Surface

Discharge Pressure Gauge

Discharge Pipe

Pump Head

Static or Standing
Water Level

Pumping Lift

Ground Water

Pumping Water Level

Pump

Pumping
Lift

Discharge
Pressure

Pump
Capacity

Flowmeter
Velocityaveraging:lesssusceptible
toerrorscausedbyadverseflow
conditions
Propellermeter mostcommon
Collinsmeter
Hallmeter

Pointvelocity:subjecttolarge
errorscausedbyadverseflow
conditions

Installation Criteria
Propeller Flow Meter

Paddlewheel

Installation

Flow

8 to 10 Pipe Diameters

2 Pipe
Diameters

Point Velocity

Velocity Averaging

Control - no excessive turbulence

Distance from center of pipe (inches)

-2

-4
0

Water velocity (feet per second)

Distance from the center of the pipe (inches)

Elbow (692 gpm, 2 pipe diameters)

4

-2

-4
0

Water Velocity (feet per minute)

Distance from the center of the pipe (inches)

Partially closed butterfly valve (685 gpm)

4

-2

-4
-4

-2

Water Velocity (feet per minute)

10

12

14

Electricmotors
Powermeter
IHP=Kw 0.746

Engines
Dynamometer(BHP) notpracticalforgrowers(requirestraining)
Fueluse
IHP=qxK 2,545
q=fuelconsumptioningallonsperhour
K=139,000fordiesel,125,000forgasoline,91,000forpropane,84,600
forethanol

Causesofpoorefficiency
Mismatchedpump
Improperlyselectedpump
Changesinoperatingconditions

Wornpump
Surginginwell
Cascadingwaterinthewell

Methodsofimprovingefficiency
Replaceimproperlyselectedpumpormismatchedpumpswitha
properlyselectedpump
Wornpumps
Impelleradjustment
Repairpump
Replacepump

Effect of Impeller Adjustment

Capacity
(gpm)

Overall
Total
Input
Head Efficiency Horsepower
(feet)
(%)

Pump 1 Before
After

605
910

148
152

54
71

42
49

Pump 2 Before
After

708
789

181
206

59
63

55
65

Pump 3 Before
After

432
539

302
323

54
65

61
67

Pump 4 Before
After

616
796

488
489

57
68

133
144

EnergycostsarebasedonKilowatthoursofenergyused
KwisrelatedtoIHP
Hours operatingtime

Effectofadjustment
Increasedflowrate
Increasedpumpinglift?
IncreasedIHP

EnergycostsincreasebecauseofincreasedIHPunlesspumping
timeisreducedregardlessofhowmuchtheefficiencyincreased
Primarybenefitmaybetheincreasedflowrate

Before
Pumpinglift=95feet
Capacity=1552gpm
IHP=83
Efficiency=45%

After
Pumpinglift=118feet
Capacity=2008gpm
IHP=89
Efficiency=67%

Efficiency (%)

Amismatchedpumpis
operatingproperlybut
notatitsmaximumpump
efficiency
Pumpshouldbereplaced
withonethatprovides
thesameflowrateand
headatitsmaximum
efficiency

0
0

Matched Pump

Improperly
Matched
Pump

Capacity (gpm)

Pumpingplantefficiencywill
increase
Inputhorsepowerdemandwill
decrease
Energysavingswilloccur
becauseofthereduced
horsepowerdemand

Recommendationsfor
electricpumpingplants
Eo greaterthan60% nocorrectiveaction
55%to60% consideradjustingimpeller
50%to55% consideradjustingimpeller;consider
repairingorreplacingpumpifadjustmenthasnoeffect
Lessthan50% considerrepairingorreplacingpump

Effectofpumpefficiencyandwellefficiency
200

TOTAL HEAD (feet)

REPAIRED PUMP
Pumping Lift = 102 ft
Capacity = 537 gpm
Input Horsepower = 28
Overall Efficiency = 50%
Kwhr/af = 211

150

Small
Difference
100

Large
Difference

WORN PUMP
Pumping Lift = 45 ft
Capacity = 624 gpm
Input Horsepower = 19
Overall Efficiency = 39%
Kwhr/af = 123

50

0
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

PUMP CAPACITY (gpm)

800

900

1000 1100

Definition:actualspecificcapacity optimalor
theoreticalspecificcapacity
Specificcapacity=pumpcapacity drawdowninthe
well
Difficulttoestimatethewellefficiency

Ground Surface
Static
Standing
WaterorLevel

Drawdown
Pumping Water Level
Pump

Wellconstruction
WellDesign
Diameter
Openingsintothewell(openarea,location)
Gravelpack
Welldevelopment
Wellmaintenance