TENSES

I. PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
POLA:
Subject + Verb 1 + .
They / We

I / You

Subject + Verb s-es + .

He / She
It

FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang
ulang dan terus menerus.
Contoh :
The students go to school everyday.
She studies English twice a week.
I go to church on Sundays
We celebrate our independence day once in a year.
b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
The earth revolves round the sun.
The pineapple never grows up on a tree.
c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked
man enters.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:

Every morning/day/week/month/year
Once, twice, three times, four times,
Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.

2. Present Continuous Tense

POLA :
Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing
FUNGSI;
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.
Contoh:
They are still playing at the moment.
She is reading a novel now.
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung
ketika pernyataan diucapkan.
Contoh:
I am learning French this year.
Mr. Brown is teaching English.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now,
today.
Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka
tenses nya Present Continuous.
Contoh:

* Look! The man is climbing.

* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.

3. Present Perfect Tense
POLA:
Subject + Have/has + Verb 3 + .

FUNGSI :

a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak
tertentu.
Contoh :
William Shakespeare has written many short stories.
I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang
akan datang.
Contoh:
My friends and I have gone to Bali.
Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA :
Subject + Have / has+ Been + Verb-ing

FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai
sekarang masih berlangsung.
Contoh:
My sister has been studying English for three months.
The students have been doing the test since 11 oclock.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.

5. Simple Past Tense

POLA:
Subject + Verb 2 + Object + .

FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
The students presented their project work this morning.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
Last . ago This afternoon
Just now This morning Yesterday

6. Past Continuous Tense

POLA:
Subject + was + Verb- ing
were

FUNGSI:
Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:
I was studying at my friends house.
My parents were chatting in the living room.
Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana
peristiwa lain juga terjadi .
Contoh:
When I was studying, someone knocked the door.
When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.
7. Past Perfect tense
POLA:

Subject + Had + Verb 3

FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.
Contoh:
The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.
When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.
8. Future Tense
POLA:
Subject + shall + Verb 1 +
will

FUNGSI:
Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
Contoh:
Bobby will come here tomorrow.
I shall call my parents when I get home.
Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan
atau kehendak.
Contoh:
Tomy will be fourteen years old next year.
We shall die one day.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.
Future Perfect Tense
I will have sung
The future perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and use. The future perfect tense
talks about the past in the future.

How do we make the Future Perfect Tense?

The structure of the future perfect tense is:
subject +
auxiliary verb WILL +
invariable
invariable
will
have

auxiliary verb HAVE +

past participle
V3

main verb

Look at these example sentences in the future perfect tense:

subject auxiliary verb
auxiliary verb main verb
+
I
will
have finished
by 10am.
+
You will
have forgotten
me by then.
She
will not
have gone to school.
We
will not
have left.
?
Will you
have arrived?
?
Will they
have received
it?

In speaking with the future perfect tense, we often contract the subject and will. Sometimes, we
contract the subject, will and have all together:
I will have
I'll have
I'll've
you will have you'll have
you'll've
he will have
she will have
it will have
he'll have
she'll have
it'll have
he'll've
she'll've
it'll've
we will have we'll have
we'll've
they will have they'll have they'll've