Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
CANTIDAD
3
2
2
1
1
1
COSTO UNITARIO
1,200,000
1,250,000
1,448,000
300,000
1,400,000
350,000
COSTO UNITARIO
13,000
20,000
12,000
199,000
200,000
12,000
250,000
5,000
240,000
1
1
1
2
2
1
300,000
150,000
120,000
70,000
125,000
320,000
REMUNERACIN
MENSUAL
900,000
1,250,000
900,000
500,000
_
_
REMUNERACIN
ANUAL
10,800,000
15,000,000
10,800,000
6,000,000
42,600,000
42,600,000
MATERIAL
A. MATERIALES DIRECTOS
Laminas Calibre 16 de 1,20 x 2,40
Perfiles en I o H
tubo cuadrado de 3 x 3 x 2 mm de espe
Extractores Industriales
Soldadura
Tubo de 3 x 1 y media
Diseo
Imprevistos 15%
Subtotal Materiales Directos
B.
UNIDAD DE
MEDIDA
CANTIDAD
metros
Unidades
metros
unidades
kilo
unidades
unidad
Unidad
110
18
8
2
35
12
1
1
Unidad
unidades
8
2
MATERIALES INDIRECTOS
Transporte de materiales
Tablas ,planilas
Subtotal Materiales Indirectos
TOTAL
MEDIDA
Kw_ hora
Cargo fijo
Cargo fijo
Mts3
Promedio
Semestral
Mensual
CANTIDAD
720
12
12
144
12
2
12
TOTAL
ACTIVO
Equipo de Soldadura
Equipo de Oxicorte
Herramientas
Software
Computador
Impresora
TOTAL ACTIVOS DE PRODUCCION
VIDA UTIL
10
10
5
5
5
5
ACTIVO
VIDA UTIL
Activos de Administracin
Total activos de administracin
10
REMUNERACIN
MENSUAL
1,500,000
850,000
500,000
350,000
3,200,000
REMUNERACIN
ANUAL
18,000,000
10,200,000
6,000,000
4,200,000
38,400,000
UNIDAD DE
MEDIDA
ao
ao
ao
CANTIDAD
1
1
1
TOTAL
No 14. AMORTIZACION A G
ACTIVO INTANGIBLE
Gastos preoperativos
2,070,000
AMORTIZAR
ACTIVO INTANGIBLE
7,598,000
9,668,000
Publicidad
Transporte
UNIDAD DE
MEDIDA
CANTIDAD
MES
MES
12
12
TOTAL
COSTO
VARIABLE
COSTO FIJO
Costo de Produccin
Mano de Obra directa
Mano de obra indirecta
Materiales directos
Materiales indirectos
Depreciacin
Servicios
Mantenimiento
$ 65,550,750
$ 172,460,670
$ 129,600
$ 1,064,600
$ 1,064,600
Subtotal
$ 4,459,040
$
$ 242,600,060
Gastos de Administracin
Sueldos y prestaciones
Otros gastos
Pre operativos
Depreciacin
$ 55,855,500
$ 11,100,000
$ 1,933,600
$ 173,646
$ 69,062,746
Subtotal
Gastos de Ventas
Publicidad, promocin, transportes
Sueldos y prestaciones
Depreciacin
$ 3,960,000
$ 3,960,000
Subtotal
TOTAL
COSTOS TOTALES
precio de venta
$ 74,087,346
$ 242,600,060
$ 316,687,406
60,000,000 Lo da el ejercicio
unidades a producir
Costo fijo
Costo variable total
Costo variable unitario
Qo (pto equilibrio)
N0 17
$
$
6 en el ao
74,087,346
242,600,060
40,433,343.40
4
COSTO FIJO
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
$
$
$
$
$
$
COSTO VARIABLE
74,087,346
74,087,346
74,087,346
74,087,346
74,087,346
74,087,346
$
$
$
$
$
0
16,173,337,359
32,346,674,719
48,520,012,078
64,693,349,438
80,866,686,797
40%
23,098,436
1,200
23,097,236
35%
20,211,132
1,600
20,209,532
(9.238.894*0,4)+(7.073.336*0.35)+(3.608.631*0.25)=6.839.374+5.873.396 +2.9
Margen de contribucin promedio ponderado
$
19,920,861
Aplicando la formula
Qo = Costos Fijos /Margen de Contribucin
Qo= 172.970.181/19920861 =
Linea A
Linea B
Linea C
TOTAL
0.4
0.35
0.25
A
34,362,005
B
26,308,411
COSTOS VARIABLES
MARGEN DE CONTRIBUCION
TOTAL DE VENTAS
TOTAL DE COSTOS VARIABLES
1,785
34,360,220
2,083
26,306,328
1
34,362,005
1,200
46%
1
26,308,411
1,600
36%
$ 157,632,651
Ingresos
Costos variables
Contribucin Marginal en Pesos
34,362,005
1,785
34,360,220
26,308,411
2,083
26,306,328
Contribucin Marginal en %
Total en Ingresos
Total de costos variables
Total de margen de contribucin
Total de Porcentaje
100%
100%
46%
73,104,996
Hasta aqu ejemplo de punto de equilibrio en varios lneas
No 23
36%
55,971,014
CONCEPTOS
Activos fijos y tangibles
Maquinaria y Equipo
Mobiliario y decoracin
Muebles y Equipo de Oficina
SUBTOTAL
$ 11,046,000
$ 1,500,000
$ 12,546,000
ACTIVOS DIFERIDOS
Adecuaciones ,obras fsicas
Gastos preoperativos
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL INVERSION FIJA
$ 7,598,000
$ 2,070,000
$ 9,668,000
$ 22,214,000
No 24 Costos Operacionales
CONCEPTO
AO
1
Gastos de produccin
Gastos Administrativos
Gastos de venta
$ 243,664,660
$ 69,062,746
$ 3,960,000
Total Costos
Operacionales
$ 316,687,406
$ 26,126,297
Diferencia
$ 24,543,257
$ 1,583,040
AOS
0
CAPITAL DE TRABAJO
$ 26,126,297
$ 1,583,040
TOTAL INVERSION
$ 26,126,297
$ 1,587,040
AOS
0
CAPITAL DE TRABAJO
$ 26,126,297
$ 1,587,040
$ 26,126,297
$ 1,587,040
DETALLE
CAPITAL DE TRABAJO
DETALLE
$ 26,126,297
$
$
$
$
$
432,881
2,145,948 Diferencia
2,284,362
2,431,703
2,588,548
CAPITAL DE TRABAJO
$ 26,126,297
$ 1,685,146
$ 460,802
$ 26,126,297
$ 2,145,948
$ 1,685,146
7,341,022
5,194,578
12,535,600
7,341,022
5,194,578
12,535,600
0.0
0.0
0
Capital de Trabajo
12,535,600
12,535,600
12,535,600
$ 26,126,297
0
-22,214,000
-26,126,297
1
-1,587,040
-48,340,297
-1,587,040
172,460,670
65,550,750
1,064,600
183,584,383
65,550,750
1,064,600
239,076,020
250,199,733
129,600
_
137,959
_
$ 4,459,040
$ 4,746,648
4,588,640
4,884,608
243,664,660
255,084,341
1
55,855,500
11,100,000
_
173,646
1,933,600
2
55,855,500
11,100,000
_
173,646
1,933,600
69,062,746
69,062,746
1
1,800,000
2,160,000
3,960,000
2
1,800,000
2,160,000
3,960,000
1
243,664,660
2
255,084,341
Gastos administrativos
Gastos de venta
TOTAL COSTOS OPERACIONALES
69,062,746
3,960,000
316,687,406
69,062,746
3,960,000
328,107,087
0
-22,214,000
-26,126,297
1
-1,587,040
-48,340,297
-1,587,040
FUENTES
Activos Diferidos
Gastos preoperacionales
Obras fsicas instalacin
Capital de trabajo
Pr
Pr
Pr
-11,046,000
_
-1,500,000
-12,546,000
Pr
Pr
Cr y Pr
-2,070,000
-7,598,000
-26,126,297
TOTAL INVERSIONES
-48,340,297
PERIODO
PAGO ANUAL
INTERESES
SOBRE SALDOS
0,2387
DATOS
I=
P=
N=
A=
23.87% EA
-9,908,430
5
AOS
3,599,372
TABLA DE AMOR
CUOTA
1
2
SALDO INICIAL
9,908,430
8,674,200
3
4
7,145,360
5,251,585
2,905,766
2,221,834
2,070,532/(1+0,0645)^2
1,827,219
1,705,597/(1+0,0645)^3
1,413,967
1,253,597/(1+0,0645)^4
976,248
696,606/(1+0,0645)^5
507,440
1,159,446
P= 1,528,841/(1+0,0645)^2
1,349,183
P=1,893,775/(1+0,0645)^3
1,569,970
P=2,345,819/(1+0,0645)^4
1,826,888
P=2,905,766/(1+0,0645)^5
2,125,848
2,221,834
1,827,219
Capital
1,159,446
1,349,183
1
360,000,000
316,687,406
2
383,220,000
337,113,744
Utilidad operacional
Menos impuestos
43,312,594
14,293,156
46,106,256
15,215,064
Utilidad Neta
Ms depreciacin
Ms Amortizacin de Diferidos
29,019,438
1,238,246
1,933,600
30,891,191
1,238,246
1,933,600
32,191,284
34,063,037
0
-48,340,297
1
-1,587,040
32,191,284
-21,123,832
30,604,244
0
-22,214,000
_
-26,126,297
-1,587,040
-48,340,297
-1,587,040
Valor residual
Flujo Neto de Inversin
1
360,000,000
316,687,406
2
383,220,000
337,113,744
Utilidad operacional
Menos Gastos Financieros
43,312,594
2,221,834
46,106,256
1,827,219
Utilidad Gravable
Menos impuestos
41,090,760
13,559,951
44,279,037
14,612,082
Utilidad Neta
27,530,809
29,666,955
Ms depreciacin
Ms Amortizacin de Diferidos
Flujo Neto de Operacin
1,238,246
1,933,600
1,238,246
1,933,600
30,702,655
10,616,409
0
-48,340,297
1
-1,587,040
30,702,655
-21,123,832
29,115,615
Inversion fija
-22,214,000
_
-26,126,297
-1,587,040
Valor residual
Crdito
9,908,430
Amortizacin Crdito
Flujo Neto de inversin
-1,159,446
-38,431,867
-2,746,486
1
360,000,000
316,687,406
2
383,220,000
337,113,744
Utilidad operacional
Menos gastos financieros
43,312,594
2,221,834
46,106,256
1,827,219
Utilidad Gravable
Menos impuestos
41,090,760
13,559,951
44,279,037
14,612,082
Utilidad Neta
Ms Depreciacin
27,530,809
1,238,246
29,666,955
1,238,246
Ms Amortizacin de Diferidos
FLUJO NETO DE OPERACIN
1,933,600
1,933,600
30,702,655
32,838,801
0
-38,431,867
1
-2,746,486
30,702,655
-38,431,867
27,956,169
IMPLEMENTACION
0
-12,546,000
-2,070,000
-7,598,000
-26,126,297
-1,587,040
Inversin Total
-48,340,297
-1,587,040
9,908,430
Inversin Neta
Amortizacin crditos
Valor Residual
Capital de trabajo
Activos fijos
-38,431,867
-1,587,040
-1,159,446
-38,431,867
-2,746,486
360,000,000
360,000,000
2,772,450
243,664,660
69,062,746
3,960,000
316,687,406
43,312,594
2,221,834
41,090,760
-13,559,951
Utilidad Neta
Depreciaciones
Amortizacin diferidos
Flujo neto de operacin
FLUJO DE FONDOS PARA EL
INVERSIONISTA
27,530,809
1,238,246
1,933,600
30,702,655
-38,431,867
25,183,720
INDUSTRIAL
COSTO TOTAL
7,000,000
250,000
215,000
78,000
25,000
30,000
7,598,000
QUIPO DE PRODUCCIN
COSTO TOTAL
3,600,000
2,500,000
2,896,000
300,000
1,400,000
350,000
11,046,000
COSTO TOTAL
39,000
40,000
24,000
398,000
200,000
12,000
250,000
5,000
480,000
1,448,000
QUIPOS DE ADMINISTRACIN
COSTO TOTAL
VIDA UTIL (aos)
220,000
10
300,000
150,000
120,000
140,000
250,000
320,000
1,500,000
10
10
10
10
10
10
LES
COSTO
250,000
320,000
600,000
250,000
300,000
150,000
200,000
2,070,000
OBRA
PRESTACIONES
SOCIALES
5,818,500
8,081,250
5,818,500
3,232,500
22,950,750
22,950,750
PRIMER AO
16,618,500
23,081,250
16,618,500
9,232,500
65,550,750
65,550,750
r ao de operaciones)
COSTO UNITARIO
TOTAL AO
95,000
144,000
118,000
3,700,000
6,980
47,000
2,800,000
3,749,145
62,700,000
15,552,000
5,664,000
44,400,000
1,465,800
3,384,000
16,800,000
22,494,870
172,460,670
15,000
4,800
120,000
9,600
129,600
172,590,270
primer ao)
COSTO UNITARIO
437.5561
22,000
15,000
2,500
120,000
50,000
150,000
TOTAL AO
315,040
264,000
180,000
360,000
1,440,000
100,000
1,800,000
4,459,040
AL ADMINISTRATIVO
PRESTACIONES
SOCIALES
AOS
9,697,500
5,495,250
0
2,262,750
17,455,500
1
27,697,500
15,695,250
6,000,000
6,462,750
55,855,500
NISTRATIVOS
COSTO UNITARIO
2,500,000
3,600,000
5,000,000
TOTAL AO 1
2,500,000
3,600,000
5,000,000
11,100,000
414,000
414,000
414,000
414,000
414,000
414,000
414,000
414,000
1,519,600
1,519,600
1,519,600
1,519,600
1,519,600
1,519,600
1,519,600
1,519,600
1,933,600
1,933,600
1,933,600
1,933,600
ao de operaciones).
COSTO UNITARIO
$ 150,000
$ 180,000
AO
$ 1,800,000
$ 2,160,000
$ 3,960,000
PUNTO DE EQUILIBRIO: Punto en el cual los ingresos totales son iguales a los costo
totales, la empresa no obtiene ni utilidad ni perdida.
Para su clculo hay que tener determinados los cotos fijos y variable.
C Fijos. Se presentan en igual magnitud y valor independiente de los niveles de
produccin de la empresa. Ej. Depreciacin, Gastos de Admionitracin como
arrendamiento, sueldos del personal administrativo.
C. Variables. Presentan vaiacin ante cambios en los niveles de produccin. Ej. Mate
directos e indirectos, servicios asociados a la planta de produccin, Mano de obra d
(operarios, supervisores de produccin)
Qo = Costos Fijos
Precio de Venta-Costo de Venta unitario
quilibrio.
COSTO TOTAL
$
$
$
$
$
$ 74,087,346
16,247,424,705
32,420,762,065
48,594,099,424
64,767,436,784
80,940,774,143
INGRESO TOTAL
$0
$ 24,000,000,000
$ 48,000,000,000
$ 72,000,000,000
$ 96,000,000,000
$ 120,000,000,000
C
25%
14,436,523
2,000
14,434,523
erado
nto de equilibrio
C
13,422,659
1,860
13,420,799
74,093,075
5,727
74,087,347
$ 74,087,346
$1
TOTALES
1
13,422,659
2,000
18%
4
74,093,075
4,800
100%
47%
e equilibrio en pesos.
C
TOTALES
13,422,659
1,860
13,420,799
74,093,075
100%
74,093,075
5,727
74,087,347
0%
punto de equilibrio.
C
18%
28,556,640
TOTALES
100%
157,632,651
gastos de produccin
materias primas
Mano de obra directa
Ctos indirectos de fabricacin
Total
172,460,670
65,550,750
5,653,240
243,664,660
jo trminos constantes
AOS
2
$ 1,583,040
$ 1,583,040
$
$ 1,587,040
$ 1,587,040
$ 1,583,040
$ 1,587,040
3
$ 1,587,040
$ 432,881
$ 26,229
$ 2,046,150
$
$
$
$
$ 1,909,541
4
$ 1,587,040
$ 432,881
$ 52,458
$ 2,072,379
4
$ 2,032,706
460,802
490,524
522,162
555,842
$ 1,793,838
$ 490,524
$ 1,909,541
$ 522,162 $
$ 2,032,706
555,842
$ 2,284,362
$ 2,431,703
$ 2,588,548
CONTABLE
AOS
2
8,277,192
5,627,459
13,904,651
8,977,192
6,086,569
15,063,761
9,483,872
6,571,908
16,055,780
0.0
0.0
0.0
13,904,651
15,063,761
16,055,780
1,369,051
1,159,110
992,019
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
AOS
5
1,825,000
750,000
_
_
2,575,000
26,126,297
28,701,297
28,701,297
183,584,383
65,550,750
1,064,600
183,584,383
65,550,750
1,064,600
183,584,383
65,550,750
1,064,600
183,584,383
65,550,750
1,064,600
250,199,733
250,199,733
250,199,733
250,199,733
137,959
_
137,959
_
137,959
_
137,959
_
$ 4,746,648
$ 4,746,648
$ 4,746,648
$ 4,746,648
4,884,608
4,884,608
4,884,608
4,884,608
255,084,341
255,084,341
255,084,341
255,084,341
5
55,855,500
11,100,000
_
173,646
1,933,600
69,062,746
69,062,746
69,062,746
4
1,800,000
2,160,000
3,960,000
5
1,800,000
2,160,000
3,960,000
5
255,084,341
DE GASTOS DE VENTAS
TOTAL AO
3
1,800,000
2,160,000
3,960,000
-151,850,999
69,062,746
3,960,000
328,107,087
69,062,746
3,960,000
328,107,087
69,062,746
3,960,000
328,107,087
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-32,474,457
28,701,297
-3,773,160
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
SALDOS A FINAL
DEL AO
ABONO CAPITAL
1,234,230
1,528,841
VALOR CUOTA
3,599,372
3,599,372
SALDO FINAL
8,674,200
7,145,360
1,705,597
1,253,553
1,893,775
2,345,819
3,599,372
3,599,372
5,251,585
2,905,766
693,606
2,905,766
3,599,372
1,413,967
976,248
507,440
1,569,970
1,826,888
2,125,848
5
383,220,000
337,113,744
46,106,256
15,215,064
46,106,256
15,215,064
46,106,256
15,215,064
30,891,192
1,238,246
1,933,600
30,891,192
1,238,246
1,933,600
30,891,192
1,238,246
1,933,600
34,063,038
34,063,038
34,063,038
32,475,997
32,475,998
32,475,998
30,289,878
32,474,457
32,474,457
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
_
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
5
-3,773,160
34,063,038
5
383,220,000
337,113,744
46,106,256
1,413,967
46,106,256
976,248
46,106,256
507,440
44,692,289
14,748,455
45,130,008
14,892,903
45,598,816
15,047,609
29,943,833
30,237,105
30,551,207
1,238,246
1,933,600
1,238,246
1,933,600
1,238,246
1,933,600
10,893,287
11,170,165
11,447,043
9,029,369
5
12,678,358
11,447,043
9,306,247
9,583,125
24,125,401
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
32,474,457
Trminos constantes)
AOS
28,701,297
-1,349,183
-1,569,970
-1,826,888
-2,125,848
-2,936,223
-3,157,010
-3,413,928
59,049,906
3
383,220,000
337,113,744
4
383,220,000
337,113,744
5
383,220,000
337,113,744
46,106,256
1,569,970
46,106,256
976,248
46,106,256
507,440
44,536,286
14,696,974
45,130,008
14,892,903
45,598,816
15,047,609
29,839,312
1,238,246
30,237,105
1,238,246
30,551,207
1,238,246
(Trminos constantes)
AOS
1,933,600
1,933,600
1,933,600
33,011,158
33,408,951
33,723,053
2
-2,936,223
32,838,801
3
-3,157,010
33,011,158
4
-3,413,928
33,408,951
5
59,049,906
33,723,053
29,902,578
29,854,148
29,995,024
92,772,958
minos constantes)
AOS
OPERACIN (AOS)
2
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,349,183
-1,587,040
-1,569,970
-1,587,040
-1,826,888
0
-2,125,848
_
32,474,457
28,701,297
-2,936,223
-3,157,010
-3,413,928
59,049,906
143,707,500
143,707,500
143,707,500
143,707,500
143,707,500
143,707,500
143,707,500
143,707,500
1,094,415
255,084,341
69,062,746
3,960,000
328,107,087
15,182,319
1,827,219
13,355,100
-4,407,183
1,119,417
255,084,341
69,062,746
3,960,000
328,107,087
15,182,319
1,413,967
13,768,352
-4,543,556
1,145,899
255,084,341
69,062,746
3,960,000
328,107,087
15,182,319
976,248
14,206,071
-4,688,003
1,038,510
255,084,341
69,062,746
3,960,000
328,107,087
15,182,319
507,440
14,674,879
-4,842,710
8,947,917
1,238,246
1,933,600
12,119,763
9,224,796
1,238,246
1,933,600
12,396,642
9,518,068
1,238,246
1,933,600
12,689,914
9,832,169
1,238,246
1,933,600
11,500,661
8,089,126
8,120,215
8,130,087
69,512,057
n cuenta los
directos que el
ealizar el
n cuenta los
directos que el
ealizar el
VALOR RESIDUAL
5
240,000
125,000
289,600
60,000
280,000
70,000
1,064,601
1,200,000
625,000
0
0
0
0
1,825,000
VALOR RESIDUAL
5
150,000
150,000
750,000
868,230
414,000
414,000
1,519,600
1,519,600
1,933,600
roducto, ej.
tribucin, gastos
riable.
de los niveles de
itracin como
98,000,000
$ 24,500,000
100
25
gastos adminiatrativos
Sueldos y prestaciones
Servicios varios
Depreciacin
Amort diferidos
Total
55,855,500
11,100,000
173,646
1,933,600
69,062,746
7,598,000
11,046,000
1,448,000
1,500,000
2,070,000
65,550,750
172,460,670
4,459,040
1,825,000
868,230
55,855,500
11,100,000
9,668,000
$ 3,960,000
$ 316,687,406
$ 74,087,346
$ 316,687,406
28,701,297
-48,340,297
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
9,908,430
Inversin Neta
Amortizacin crditos
Valor Residual
Capital de trabajo
Activos fijos
-38,431,867
-1,587,040
-1,159,446
-1,587,040
-1,349,183
-1,587,040
-1,569,970
-38,431,867
-2,746,486
-2,936,223
-3,157,010
-38,431,867 27,956,169
9,183,540
9,239,632
RACIN (AOS)
4
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,587,040
-1,826,888
0
-2,125,848
_
32,474,457
28,701,297
-3,413,928
59,049,906
143,707,500 143,707,500
143,707,500 143,707,500
255,084,341 255,084,341
69,062,746 69,062,746
3,960,000
3,960,000
328,107,087 328,107,087
15,182,319 15,182,319
976,248
507,440
14,206,071 14,674,879
-4,688,003
9,518,068
1,238,246
1,933,600
12,689,914
-4,842,710
9,832,169
1,238,246
1,933,600
11,500,661
9,275,986 70,550,567