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AIM: - To calibrate to given notch and to determine its co-efficient of discharge Cd of 600 or 900
notches.
AIM: - To determine the force exerted by the jet of water striking a fixed flat plate at right angle
to it.
AIM: To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the given venturimeter.
Instruments need
1. Venturi Apparatus
2. Collecting tank
3. U- Tube and stop watch
Based on this law the force exterted by the jet of water moving with velocity V striking
fixed plate at right angle to it can be determined as
1. e
FLOW THROUGH VENTURIMETER
AIM: To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the given venturimeter.
Instruments need
4. Venturi Apparatus
5. Collecting tank
6. U- Tube and stop watch
Theory: The discharge through Venturimeter is given by
a 1a 2
Q Cd
2g H
2
2
a1 a 2
Here:
Q = Discharge
Cd = Co-efficient of Discharge
g = Acceleration due to gravity
a1 = Inlet area of venturimeter
a2 = Area of throat
a 1a 2
Q Cd
a1 a 2
2g H
a 1a 2
Cd
a1 a 2
2 gH
Then K
Theory:- The discharge through V-notch is given by.
Q
Putting K
K
Discharge Q = KH5/2
or
Q
H5/ 2
H1
H2
H
d
t
A
Qact
Then
Ad
cm 3 sec
t
Q = KH 5/2
Q
H5/ 2
we have
k= 8/15Cd 2g tan /2
Cd
15 K
8 2 g tan / 2
Cd
15 K
8 2g
So
we have Q= 8/15 Cd 2g tan /2 H5/2
15 Q
Cd
8 2 g tan / 2 H 5 / 2
To get discharge equation for a given notch Q = K.Hn
By taking logarithm on both side
Log K Log K
Log Q
Log H
-----------doubt
Putting group of log Q vs log H
From equation if H=0 (means no flow takes place just at a level)
Then log Q =log K
Q = K.Hn
log Q = log K+ log Hn
n
Log Q Log K
Log H
If By
Graph
H=o
log Q = log K
K = Antilog of log K
Example = if K = 9.78
n = 2.53
Then
Q = 9.78H2.53
This is notch equation for given notch
Cd
15 K
8 2 g tan / 2
Q = KH5/2
Q
K 5/ 2
H
1. Loss of head due to sudden enlargement
The loss of energy that occurs when a pipe of certain diameter suddenly expands t large
diameter loss of energy due to sudden enlargement given by
he
V1 V2 2
2g
V1 = Volume in small pipe
V2 = Volume in large pipe
hc KC
V1
2g
V
0.5 1
2g
i.e.
Procedure
1. Measure the dia of both pipes and dimension of the collecting tank.
2. Connect the manometer to the apparatus
3. The sudden enlargement and sudden contraction pipes is property connected to the
respective tapping.
4. Allow the water flow through pipes
5. Open the inlet valves.
6. When water enters the manometer carefully open the top most outlets in one action to
expel the air bubbles (if any).
7. Then immediately close the out lets in one action.
8. Gradually adjust the exit valve and when mercury becomes constant measure in.
9. Measure the discharge and loss of head using formula.
10. Measure the Discharge in collecting tank with respect to time too.
Observation
1. Area of collecting tank
2. Dia of large Pipe
3. Dia of small Pipe
4. Area of large Pipe
5. Area of small Pipe
A = 63x44
= 2772 cm2
D = 2.5 cm
d = 2 cm
a1 =
a2 =
Here
4 flV 2
2 gD
hf
hf
L
V
D
V
We have
Q
A
Where Q = AV