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Lecture 12
12--14
Signal Generators
A. Kruger
Organizational
Midterm exam is first Thursday after Spring Break,
namely March 26
Posted homework 7, due Wednesday March 25
Homework 6 due Thursday
T.A. is grading homework, should be done by Friday
Completed Lab 1 is due Thursday April 2
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LM394 (DIP)
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MAT04
HFA3906
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VT =
R1
Vclamp
R2
I=
VSQ
R + RH
Vclamp
R + RH
Vclamp
R1
C Vclamp = C
t
R
R
+
R
H
2
Assume ideal
diodes, V D(on) = 0
R
TL = 2 1 C ( RL + R)
R2
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Cv = It
TH = 2
R1
C ( RH + R)
R2
TL = 2
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R1
C ( RL + R)
R2
TH = 2
R1
C ( RH + R)
R2
TL = 2
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R1
C ( RL + R)
R2
TH = 2
R1
C ( RH + R)
R2
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3.6
15 = 10 V
1.8 + 36
Open collector
comparator
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Voltage--Controlled Oscillator
Voltage
Figure 10.21 (F)
Voltage-controlled switch
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Voltage--Controlled Oscillator
Voltage
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Voltage--Controlled Oscillator
Voltage
Current through here is always
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Voltage--Controlled Oscillator
Voltage
Assume vSQ is low and switch is open
iI
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Voltage--Controlled Oscillator
Voltage
Current through here is always
iI
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Voltage--Controlled Oscillator
Voltage
Capacitor current is iI = vI /(4R) or
iI = vI /(4 R)
iI t = Cv
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f0 =
vI
8RC(VTH VTL )
Triangle--to
Triangle
to--Sine Wave Conversion
Figure 10.22 (F)
One can show that THD is minimized at about 0.2% is Vim 172 mV, where Vim is the peak
amplitude of the triangular wave
This circuit has a sinusoidal-like Voltage Transfer Characteristic (VTC) vo ~ tanh(vI)
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Practical Triangle
Triangle--to
to--Sine Conversion
Figure 10.23 (F)
Current mirror
Current-to-voltage
converter
Matched transistors
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Sawtooth Generators
Sect 10.5 (F)
Switch
Ignore for now
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VCC
=5V
1 + R2 R5
Cv = It
TCH = RCVT / | vI |
Once the trip voltage is reached, the Schmitt trigger snaps, and closes the switch,
which discharges the capacitor.
Now vST = 0, and the Schmitt trigger snaps back, the switch opens, etc.,
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f0 =
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1
1
=
TCH + TD RCVT / | vI | +TD
Advanced Electronic Circuits 55:036 The University of Iowa, 2009
Drive this circuit with a current sink, and one has a current-controlled
oscillator (CCO) analogous to a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
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Voltagecontrolled
current
sources
Schmitt Trigger
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Voltage-controlled
current sources
Switch
iB =
vI
RB
iA =
vI
RA
Q3 is an emitter
follower that also
compensates for VBE
drops of Q1 and Q2
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a4 = ??
a3 = ??
a2 =
10 || 27
= 0.68
(1 + 10 || 27)
a1 =
10
= 0.909
(1 + 10)
a0 = 1
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ICL8038/NTE864 Application
Figure 10.28 (F)
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ICL8038/NTE864 Application
Figure 10.29 (F)
See text
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Emitter--Coupled VCO
Emitter
Figure 10.30 (F)
Astable
Low
50 % Duty cycle, square and
triangle waveforms available
Low
Off
High
On
OffOn
VBE increases
Fixed
iI t = Cv
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v = 2VBE
f0 =
iI
4CVBE
20
ppm/oC
0.5% THD
Much less
expensive than 8038
What type of
capacitor should this
be?
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f0 =
iI
4CVBE
Lecture 12,13, 14-37
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AD537 Voltage
Voltage--to
to--Frequency Converter
30 ppm/oC
f0 =
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vI
10RC
AD537 Application
Figure 10.34 (F)
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Charge--Balancing VFCs
Charge
Figure 10.37 (F)
I packet
vI
f 0 = kvI
Charge--Balancing VFCs
Charge
VFC32 Voltage-to Frequency Converter
TH =
f0 =
7.5 V
C
1 mA
vI
7.5RC
D(%) = 100
vI
R 1 mA
TL = C1v1 iI
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Charge--Balancing VFCs
Charge
Figure 10.35 (F)
TL = C1v1 iI
f0 =
TH =
vI
7.5RC
7.5 V
C
1 mA
D(%) = 100
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vI
R 1 mA
Frequency--to
Frequency
to--Voltage Conversion
Figure 10.36 (F)
Voltage across
capacitor is now the
output
Drive Comparator
Some Ripple
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