FlexiPacket ODU Features

FlexiPacket ODU Features

Content
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

FlexiPacket MultiRadio Features

Main Features
Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM)
ATPC
Modem with XPIC (Cross Polar Interface Canceller)
Loopbacks
Quality of Service
Modulation driven service add/drop (formerly known as E1/T1
priorization
Header compression
Ethernet Port Rapid Shutdown
Performance Monitoring
Synchronization and Clock Recovery
Security features
FlexiPacket MultiRadio Management: General Information
FlexiPacket MultiRadio License: Introduction

FT48925EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks

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FlexiPacket ODU Features

1.2

Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM)

ACM allows operators to improve link utilization by making high capacity data
transmission reliable. ACM changes code and modulation according to the link
quality in the same channel bandwidth.
Adaptive Code and Modulation refers to the automatic modulation adjustment that a
wireless system can perform to prevent weather related fading from disrupting
communication on the link.
When severe weather conditions, such as heavy rain, affect the transmission and
receipt of data over the wireless network, the radio system automatically changes the
modulation, so that non-real time data-based applications may be affected by signal
degradation, but real-time applications will run smoothly and continuously.
Since communication signals are modulated, varying the modulation also varies the
amount of bits that are transferred per signal, thus enabling higher throughputs or
better spectral efficiencies. It should be noted that when using a higher modulation
technique better Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR) are needed to overcome interference
and maintain a tolerable BER (Bit Error Ratio) level.
Based on the channel's condition, the ACM allows the system to choose the best
modulation in order to overcome fading and other interference.
The algorithm uses the highest possible modulation in accordance with link
quality degradation.
The switch from a modulation scheme to another modulation scheme takes place
according to the "Signal/ Mean Square Error" (S/MSE) value. The ACM thresholds
are listed in Fig. 2.
For example, on a clear day, transmit and receive data capacity can be 350 Mbit/s,
using 256 QAM modulation. When the weather becomes overcast and stormy, the
ACM algorithm changes the modulation to 64 QAM and the system transmits at 260
Mbit/s.
ACM is extremely quick and the modulation switchover is implemented using an
Errorless and Hitless algorithm. ACM allows to maximize the spectrum usage and to
enable the increased capacity over a given bandwidth.
Switchover has the possibility of stepping up or down through all the modulation
schemes covered from 256 QAM down to 4 QAM, and back up all the modulations in
between. This guarantees that the link will operate at the highest possible modulation
at any time.

FT48925EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks

FlexiPacket ODU Features

More capacity over the existing bandwidth

More Capacity by increasing the Modulation Level
Engineering the hop for the average capacity
Transmitting the peak for most of the time (99,99%)
Same availability
Service aware Radio: different QoS for different traffic
TDM Traffic with the same QoS of TDM radio (ie: 5minute/year
unavailability)
Same Antennas
Reuse of installed antennas

52 min/year
Link
Capacity

25 min/year
Time
5 min/year

Fig. 1 ACM for traffing growing

The available profiles numbers, corresponding to the available modulations are:

1 = 4 QAM
2= 16 QAM
3= 32 QAM
4= 64 QAM
5 = 128 QAM
6 = 256 QAM

FT48925EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks

FlexiPacket ODU Features

Fig. 2 ACM thresholds

1.2.1

Configurable minimum modulation mode

Adaptive Code Modulation works between a max Tx Profile and a minimum one to
counteract fading.
Lowest Tx Profile and the Highest Tx Profile are settable.
In Rx side the Modulation scheme automatically changes according to the Modulation
scheme used in Tx side.

FT48925EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks

FlexiPacket ODU Features

1.3

ATPC

ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control) controls the far-end transmit power level
in order to keep the receive signal level above a certain user-defined threshold level
in accordance with the particular modulation method and capacity being used.
ATPC is designed to counteract fading speed of 50dB/s tuning Tx power in the
Tx power range of 25dB.
FlexiPacket ATPC Settings are shown in Fig. 3

Fig. 3 FlexiPacket ATPC Settings

Only the power level driven operation mode has been implemented.

FT48925EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks

FlexiPacket ODU Features

1.4

Modem with XPIC (Cross Polar Interface

Canceller)

The XPIC is used in co-channel configurations.

Co-channel operation with high level modulation schemes requires very high crosspolarization discrimination (XPD).
Modern radio relay antennas meet the XPD requirements at least under ideal
propagation conditions; nevertheless cross-polarization interference (XPI) between
orthogonally arranged channels may increase under particular conditions such as
rainfall or multipath propagation.
To counteract these phenomena a powerful cross-polarization interference canceller
has been fit into the demodulator.
Since the interference effects are time variable, the XPIC device structure is
adaptive, consisting also of transversal filter.
At transmit side, it is not requested neither the common use for the V and H channels
of a single L.O. nor the synchronization of the two used oscillators.
There is also no strict requirement for clock synchronization at transmit side.
At receive side, beside the exchange of the received data signals at IF level, the only
interconnection between vertical and horizontal channel is the L.O. synchronization of
the receivers and no additional clock synchronization of the demodulators is
necessary.
Another advantage of this concept is the independence of the XPIC operation from
the lock-in state of the carrier recovery being the carrier frequencies of the interfering
signal and the compensation signal identical at the adder point.
This greatly improves performances after strong XPI events, since the XPIC can first
remove the XPI on the main signal, thus facilitating the subsequent lock-in procedure.

FT48925EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks

FlexiPacket ODU Features

1.5

Loopbacks

The loopbacks can be:

Local (signal looped back towards the GbE cable),

Remote (signal looped back towards the radio interface).
Not more than one loopback can be enabled at a given time. When a loopback is
enabled, the system moves to a "test mode" configuration designed for transmitting
back traffic.
The differences between the test and the normal are in the L2 switch configuration.
When operating in test mode the auto-learning and filtering functions are disabled;
the MAC forwarding table is flushed.
During the entire duration of the loopback the FlexiPacket MultiRadio is not reachable
for management. Moreover after loopback has been performed, a file becomes
available containing the result of the counters.
These loopbacks are available (see Fig. 4):

LL1: used to test cable connectivity.

RL1: used to remotely test the whole chain.
LL2: RF loopback not involving the diplexer as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 4 FlexiPacket Radio loopbacks

10

FT48925EN03GLA0
2012 Nokia Siemens Networks

FlexiPacket ODU Features

Fig. 5 RF Loopback

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