Andy Warhol (Artists in Their Time) (Art Ebook)

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Andy
.J35 1942 1949 1956 1963 1970 |S77 1111
Boston Public Library

Boston.
MA
02116
Artists in Their
Time
Andy
Warhol
Linda Bolton
Franklin Watts
New York
Division of Sclnolastic Inc.
Toronto
IVIexico City
London
New
Delini
Aucl<lancl
Sydney
Hong Kong
Donbury, Connecticut
First
published in 2002 by
Franklin Watts
96 Leonard Street
London EC2A 4XD

First
American edition published
in
2002 by Franklin Watts
Division of Scholastic Inc.
90 Sherman Turnpike
Danbury.CT 06816
Series Editor:
Adrian Cole
Series Designer:
Mo Choy
Art Director: Jonathan Hair

Picture Researcher: Julie
A
is
CIP
McMahon
catalog record for this
title
available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 0-531-12225-5
(Lib. Bdg.)
ISBN0-531-16618-X(Pbk.)
Printed in
Hong Kong, China
Franklin Watts
2002
Acknowledgements
The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc./ARS, NY and DAGS, London 2002 &
The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc./ARS, NY and
DACS, London 2002; 29 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc./ARS, NY and DAGS, London
2002; 42. Archives of The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh: 6; 7t; 9t; 22b; 32, 39 The Andy Warhol Foundation
for the Visual Arts, Inc./ARS, NY and DAGS, London 2002; 4Ib Paul Rocheleau. Artothek: 14 The Estate of Roy
Lichtenstein/DAGS 2002. BFl GoUections: 35 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc./ARS, NY
AKG
London: 15
2002 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, NY; 19
and
11
DAGS, London
2002. Gourtesy of Gollection Stephanie
The Andy Warhol
Warhol Foundation
Foundation
for the Visual Arts,
Inc./ARS,
NY
Seymour
Inc./ARS,
and
Brant,
NY
and
DAGS, London
The Brant Foundation, Greenwich, GT:

2002; 31 The Andy
DAGS, London
2002. Bridgeman /Private Gollection 13t
Robert Rauschenberg/DAGS, London/VAGA, New York 2002. Bridgeman/Saatchi Gollection, London 17 & cover
centre The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc./ARS, NY and DAGS, London 2002. Trademarks
Licensed by Gampbell Soup Gompany. All Rights Reserved. Bridgeman/Henry N Abrams Family Gollection 18c
The Andy Warhol Foundation
Inc./ARS,
NY
and
DAGS, London
2002; Bridgeman/Hungarian
The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc./ARS, NY and DAGS,
London 2002. Bridgeman/Private Gollection 28c Succession Marcel Duchamp/ADAGP, Paris and DAGS London
2002. Garnegie Mellon University Archives: 9b. Ghristie's Images Ltd: 25 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the
Visual Arts, Inc./ ARS, NY and DAGS, London 2002; 37 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts,
National Gallery, Budapest 21
Inc./ARS, NY and DAGS, London 2002. The Goca Gola Gompany: 12b/Advertising Archives. Gonde Nast NY: 10c
Vogue Gover/Advertising Archives. Gorbis: 16t Bettman; 23 Burstein Gollection The Andy Warhol Foundation for
the Visual Arts, Inc./ARS, NY and DAGS, London 2002; 34c Bettman; 36t Lynn Goldsmith; 40 Liba Taylor. Gulver
Pictures: 8. Edifice: 41 1 Lewis-Darley.
General Motors Gorporation 2002: 24b used with permission of
Archives/Advertising Archives. Ronald Grant Archive: 27. Hulton/Archive: Gover bl

30b; 33t Santi Visalii Inc; 33b; 34t. Robert
&
GM Media
lOt; 12t; 13b; 22t; 24t; 28b;
Hunt Library: 7b. Kobal Gollection: 18t & cover be 20th Gentury Fox;
Mark Murphy. Redferns: 20t & b. Rex Features: 36b & cover br.
Popperfoto: 30t. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: 38b
Stephen Shore: 16b; 26t
&
b.
Whilst every attempt has been made to clear copyright

should there be any inadvertent omission please apply
in the first instance to the publisher regarding rectification.
38t.
Contents
Who Was Andy Warhol?
Early Life
The
Big Apple
Pop Art
Cartoon
10
12
Strips
14
Soup Star
16
Hollywood Blonde
18
"The King"
20
Death and Disaster
22
American Contrasts
24
The
Factory
26
Uncertain Times
28
A Grieving Widow
30
Warhol and Film
32
Productive Years
34
Back
36
to the Beginning
Self-Portrait
38
Warhol's Legacy
40
Pop Art, Performance Art
42
Timeline
42
Glossary
44
Museums and
Index
Galleries
45
46
"
Who Was Andy Warhol?
Andy Warhol was one of the most influential

American
and
artists
of the 20th century. His art
his lifestyle reflected the rapidly
changing
culture of his time.
As
young boy Warhol was obsessed with fame
and glamour.
He
Hollywood film
'7
my
as
read fan magazines about
stars,
and collected autograph
pictures
and newspaper cuttings about them. He
went to
his local
movie theater
latest films,
which increased
Hollywood
lifestyle
to
watch
all
was
much
very
times, of
much
culture,
a part of
and
rockets
my
part of
it
as
television.
Andy Warhol
the
his interest in the
o{ the rich and famous.
POP
ART,
POP ARTIST
As he grew
older,
Warhol
transformed this obsession into
He
is
famous
showing
He
he made
for the prints
celebrities, including the
film star Marilyn
rock and
art.
Monroe and
the
roll singer Elvis Presley.
also focused
on name brand
products such as Campbell's soup and

Brillo soap pads.
These were
all
part
of the popular culture of the time,
and the subject of what became
known
as the
"Pop"
was probably the greatest

of
Warhol
Pop artist
artists.
them all.
The silk-screen technique he
used produced very brightly colored

prints. It
was a commercial process
that allowed
him
to print multiple
copies of each artwork
on
printing press.
Warhol
also
made
films.
were not mainstream films
like the
ones at the local movie theater, with
This hand-colored
(as
Andy Warhol was known
photograph shows Andrew Warhola,
I
I
They
then), at
age
lots
o{ characters and a storyline. His
eight.
films
sometimes lasted
for
hours and
might only feature a single person.
FAME
Warhol
also wrote
many books
and produced a magazine called

Interview.
this
As
the
name
suggests,
magazine published interviews
with celebrities from the world of

rock and pop music, film and
and
literature
and
art,
politics.
By the mid- 1960s Warhol was

the most famous artist in the U.S.
Around the world, he was often
more famous than the celebrities
he painted.
Warhol
mother
(on the
Julio, his
left),
with his
aunt Mrs. Preksto,
and her stepson George Guke,
937.
BACKGROUND
FAMILY
Warhol's parents both emigrated to the U.S.
from the
village of
Mikova, in what
is
today
Slovakia (formerly part of Czechoslovakia).
His father, Ondrej Warhola,

in 1909, but
He
a wife.
arrived
then returned to Mikova to find
married Julia Zavachy and went
back to the U.S.
behind to look
start of
first
in 1913. Julia
after
World War
departure further.
her younger
I,
It
had
to stay
sisters.
The
in 1914, delayed her
wasn'^t until 1921, eight
years later, that she was able to join her
husband
in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In
those days Pittsburgh was an important
center for the steel and coal industry. Other

family
members
also lived there, including
one of Ondrej 's brothers, two of Julia's
A A photograph of a
Mikova, c.1905. At the time,

places to
emigrate.
grow up
in
same area as
such villages were harsh
village in the
and many people wanted
and two of her brothers.

Ondrej was a hard-working miner and
sisters,
to
construction worker.
sons, Paul, John,
He and Julia had
three
and the youngest, Andrew.
"
Early Life
Andy Warhol was born
Andrew Warhola
in
Forest City, Pennsylvania,
on August
1928. Later he
6,
claimed that his birth
was wrong and
certificate
that he was born in 1930, or
even 1931. However, most

people think that this was
an attempt to add mystery

and
interest to his early
life.
Warhol's father worked
away from home a

his
mother cared
three boys
lot,
and
for the
on her own
through the
difficult years of
the Great Depression and
World War
II.
The
steel
and coal
industries
dominated the landscape of Forest
City.
The
area was poor and largely
made up
of immigrant families from Eastern Europe.
when Warhol was 14, his father died after a long

illness. The family was poor but all the boys worked hard
and saved what money they could from their part-time and
summer jobs.
In 1942,
''She'd give
me
Hershey Bar every

time
finished a
page
in
STUDENT DAYS
my
Warhol had always been
colonng hook.
interested in
art.
In 1945, he
graduated from high school and went to study pictorial

design at Pittsburgh's famous Carnegie Institute of
Andy
Warhul,
Technology (known
about his mother
as
CIT).
One
of his fellow students
there was Philip Pearlstein (b.l924). Pearlstein remembers

that
that
Warhol often came over to his house to study, saying

it was too crowded and difficult to study at home.
TIMELINE
I
August
6,
1928
Andrew Warhola
born
in
is
Forest City,
Pennsylvania.
1942
1945
World War
Ondrej Warhola dies

after
a three-year
illness.
Andy Warhol goes on

finish
high school.
to
II
ends.
1945-49
Warhol
studies pictorial design at the
Technology
student.
in
Pittsburgh.
Meets
Warhol works during
department
store,
and makes
Carnegie
Institute of
Philip Pearlstein, a fellow
the holidays
first visit
to
in
New
York
City.
During the summer, Warhol had to work to earn

his keep.
He
wrote,
"I
had
a job
one summer
in a
department store looking through Vogue and Harper
'.s
Bazaar and European fashion magazines for a
wonderful
like
man named
Mr. Vollmer.
50 cents an hour and
"ideas."
don't
my
New
got something
job was to look for
remember ever finding one
one. Mr. Vollmer was an idol to
from
me
or getting
because he came
York and that seemed so exciting."
LEAVING FOR
NEW YORK
Warhol graduated with a degree in

He planned on becoming an art teacher.
In June of 1949,
Fine Arts.
During the summer, however, Pearlstein persuaded
him
to go to
New
uncertain about
York.
how
The two men
set off,
they would manage in the
big city.
Philip Pearlstein (on the
at Rockefeller Center,
New
Warhol sent a postcard home to

his mother everyday and went to church at least
twice a week. (In 1952, Julia Warhola joined her son
in New York. She remained there until her death 20
From
and Andy
left)
Warhol photographed with a
woman
New York,
friend
c.1949.
York,
to pursue a
teaching career but wanted to try and interest
magazines in his artwork instead.
development of
what he had been doing

editor for the
CIT
The work he
as a picture
student magazine,
Cano. Over the next
years later at the age of 80.)
Soon Warhol had decided not
showed them was
years the
1 1
Warhol produced, with their

smudged lines, were to become his
prints
trademark
style.
Carnegie
Institute of
Technology campus.
Warhol
failed perspective
drawing at
CIT,
but
summer course
make the grade. He
attended a
to
graduated on June 16,

1949.
The
Big Apple
For Andy Warhol, New York was magical.
summer
there, in 1949,
he
During his
magazine
tried to interest
publishers in his work. Tina Fredericks, at
first
Glamour magazine,
needed drawings of shoes.
liked Warhol's drawings but only
Warhol returned the following day with 50 drawings of shoes.

Tina used his drawings to illustrate an article called "Success Is
a Job in
New York"
September
in the
issue of the
From then on Warhol made footwear one

his art. His series
"Golden Shoes" paid
favorite stars, featuring
them
all
VOGUE
A The Statue of
New
^'Â
magazine Vogue,
issue dated
way
is
950s' design
in
uses simple
it
illustrations rather
than the
glossy color photographs
NEW YORK
By
New
950,
become
of his
cover for the foshion
June 1958. The cover
the
York.
many
form of shoes.
typical of
a symbol of
Liberty,
of the subjects o{
tribute to
in the
magazine.
we
use today.
'o-i^
Commercial art was
demand
great
York had
in
the
in
950s
and helped launch Warhol's
the largest city in the
career.
world with a population of over

1
Wall Street was at
million.
the center of international trade.
New
.>>
- overlooked by
the Statue of Liberty - supplied
York's port
goods
all
over the world.
New
was also the center of

magazine and book publishing,
York
theater (on Broadway),
and
It
Warhol
did not take long for
commercial
artist.
He
to
become
created advertisements for magazines
such as Glamour and Vogue, window displays for department

stores, illustrations for
Manhattan, with
various commercial advertising campaigns. In
exclusive
shops and restaurants, was the
backbone
society.
New
of
It's
American high
no wonder
that
the
for
proud
Yorkers called their city
"the Big Apple."
Annual Art
I.
RCA, and
1956, he won
record companies such as
showbusiness. The island of

its
a successful
Directors'
Club Award
for his advertisement
Miller Shoes and was invited to exhibit his work.
Warhol was very encouraged by this. Toward the end of

the 1950s he had begun to realize that he wanted to become
a serious artist, not just a
commercial
artist.
TIMELINE
1949
Warhol
is
employed as a commercial
Harper's Bazaar, produces

I.
10
artist for
his first advertising
Vogue and
Warhol
drawings
Hugo
for
and creates window displays for the department

Bonwit Teller. He shortens his name to Andy Warhol.
Miller
store
1952
1954
exhibits at the
Gallery,
New
York. His mother
comes
to
New
York.
Warhol's
first
group
exhibition at the Loft
Gallery,
New
York.
1956
Warhol wins
Annual Art
Award
for
the 36th
Directors'
an
I.
Club
Miller
shoe advertisement.
U^ Su-^^}
Elvis
ink,
gold
Presley (Gold Boot), 1956

leaf,
collage on paper,
20 x 14
in
(50.8 x 35.6 cm), The Brant Foundation, Greenwich,
Connecticut
Warhol depicted various
In his
"Golden Shoes"
Other
stars featured in the series include
series,
stars in the
form of shoes.
Judy Garland, Julie Andrews, and James Dean.
11
"
Pop Art
know
Pop art, emerged

in the mid- 1950s. It drew its inspiration
from the images of popular culture and
consumer society - advertisements,
Pc^pular
art, also
as
magazines, billboards, cartoon

music, television, and film
Some Pop
artists
strips,
pop
stars.
used their art to criticize
the consumer society. Others, like Warhol,
neither criticized nor praised, but simply

reflected the things
around them
at the
time. Warhol, for example, painted everyday
products - such as Campbell's soup cans,
Coca-Cola
had
that
and
bottles,
a clear
Brillo
Pad boxes -
A An American family shopping,
brand design.
the start of
what became known as
950s, The
the
950s marked
consumer
IMAGES FROM MASS CULTURE

The term "Pop art" was first used
society.
in 1957, in
a meeting about fashion, mass media,
science fiction, industrial design, and other

related subjects at the Institute of
Contemporary Arts (ICA)
By the end of the 1950s

including
London.
in
a group of artists
Andy Warhol, Roy
Lichtenstein
(b.l923), Claes Oldenburg (b.l929), and
Tom Wesselmann
(b.l931) were creating
images based on television commercials,
cartoon
strips,
produce their
and advertising
art,
billboards.
they often used
commercial mass-production techniques

such
as silk-screen printing.
''Buying
Midsummer magic
is
much more
American than thinking,

A
A 950s
1
distinctive
advertisement for Coca-Colo, then sold
shaped
advertisement
were very
is
and
in
Vm
as
American
The brand logo at the top of the
bottles.
instantly recognizable.
attractive to the
Pop
Brands such as
this
as they come.
artists.
Andy Warhol
12
To
ART FOR EVERYBODY

Although never
produce
art for
Pop
a formal group,
artists
wanted to
They used subjects that were

such as name brand products and
everybody.
familiar in everyday
life,
newspaper photographs.
This idea was immediately successful. Early exhibitions of
Pop
an enthusiastic response from the public.

they were able to understand the art, even
art received
People
felt like
though
its
meaning was often
deliberately unclear.
POP ART AND ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

In
many
ways, Pop art was a reaction to the Abstract
Expressionism which had dominated the U.S.

during the late 1940s and early
Abstract Expressionism artist's
art
scene
'50s.
art
which communicates the
emotional state through expressive but abstract marks
- was practiced by artists such as Jackson Pollock (1912-56)

and Robert Rauschenberg (b.l925). During the '50s
Rauschenberg changed
Cola
as
his ideas
bottles, electric fans,
and radios
much
in
the same
way
art for
everyone, the
young Pop
artists
were
reacting to the difficult
and often obscure
"fast foods"
of the
first
widely available from roadside "fast
textiles,
and
was made
using point,
printed matter.
showed hot
dogs; instead of
style of
fear,
they had a shopping basket;

instead of passion, for
them
there was popcorn.
Leonard Kesseler, one of

Warhol's fellow students at
the Carnegie Institute of
They
Technology, remembered
deliberately tried
express their
were one
This picture
Abstract Expressionism.
not to use their
950s. Hot dogs
Feature, Robert
depicting anger and

In their attempt to create
#66 Double
Rauschenberg, 1959.
and began painting Coca-
the Pop artists were doing.
A Eating hot dogs,
art to
having the following

conversation with Warhol in
own
thoughts and feelings, and
New
replaced the serious ideas
Kesseler:
of Abstract Expressionism
you doing?"
with images from the
Warhol: "I'm starting Pop
consumer
art."
society.
York:
Kesseler:
"Andy! What
"Why?"
food" stands and eaten on the move.
For example, instead of
They became a symbol of the
thinking about
Warhol: "Because
represent the
Abstract Expressionism.
consumer
society,
which did not have
time to wait for a sit-down meal.
in paint, the
how to
human soul
Pop
artists
hate
are
hate
I
it!"
13
"
Cartoon
In
Strips
1960-61 Warhol began to make paintings based
on cartoon
American
He was unaware
strips.
artist,
Roy Lichtenstein
that another
(b.l923), was also
creating paintings from blown-up comic

illustrations.
artists
book
pictures of
Simultaneously but separately, the two
Warhol
scale.
felt frustrated.
different
do!"
He
will
have
a lot of impact, that will be

I
know what to
him a new idea.
don't
paid Latow $50 to give
Or
paint
can of soup."
like a
Warhol
In 1961 he told his friend,
from Lichtenstein.
...
something that everybody sees
...
the interior designer Muriel Latow, "I've got to do
something that
money
everyday, that everybody recognizes
had the same idea o{ depicting commercial
images on a very large
She asked, "What do you like

most in the whole world?" and then
told him, "Money. You should paint
inspiration.
he sent
He had
smiled.
The
very next morning
mother out
his
his
to
buy one of
the 32 varieties of Campbell's soup,
man-
'Top art was just
made
Andy was
there
when
at the right time
they wanted to expose

art a
Paul Warhola,
ROY
Roy
little.
Wadwl's
LICHTENSTEIN
Lichtenstein
up cartoons
in
first
brother
(B.I
923
exhibited his blown-
1962. They were a huge
success, proving equally popular with the
public
and
the critics.
Although both
artists
used innages from
popular culture, Lichtenstein's
style
was
quite different from Warhol's. Lichtenstein
painted with large dots of bright color to
give the impression of a solid block of
Hopeless, Roy Lichtenstein, 1963. Seen from a distance, the big
dots of color Lichtenstein used
merge
into
color -
one another.
in
much
the
same way as
commercial printing does.
TIMELINE
1957
September 1960
Warhol has plastic

surgery fo change the
Warhol moves
shape of
Avenue.
his nose.
342
Warhol begins
to
Lexington
pictures using
cartoon
m&.
14
1960
1961
to paint
blown-up
strips.
ttmmîtm
Warhol creates
1962
his first
Lichtenstein exhibits his cartoon
pictures of Campbell's
artwork at Leo Costeiii's gallery
soup cans.
New
York.
in
Superman, 1960
casein
and wax crayon on
cotton,
67
52
in
(170.2 x 132.1 cm), Gunter Sachs Collection
The cartoon-strip hero Superman was always a popular choice for
images
into their art.
Many
artists trying to
introduce
of Warhol's contemporaries also painted their versions of
including Philip Pearlstein, Jasper Johns, Robert Rouschenberg,
and Roy
modern
Superman,
Lichtenstein.
15
Soup Star
^
Warhol (right) with a

number of friends. The
opening night of a
exhibition
SILK-SCREEN PRINTING
chance
of art
Around 1962, Warhol
started
This
for printing his
new
not just a
to look at the
on
display.
It
works
also
provided an opportunity to
using the photographic silk-screen
process
was
socialize.
work.
was adapted from
the
In
traditional silk-screen technique in
1962, at the
Ferus Gallery in
which a
stencil
is
cut out, placed
Los Angeles, Warhol
against a sheet of framed mesh,
and then colored
ink
is
showed 32 paintings
forced
through the mesh onto the paper
of Campbell's soup
underneath.
cans. Their style
Photographic silk-screen uses a
photochemical process
came
to identify his
to transfer
art.
a photographic image onto a
The initial public reaction was disappointing. An art dealer

mocked Warhol by displaying a stack of real soup cans
screen. During printing, colors
can be changed and many

versions of the
same image can
nearby, with a sign reading, "Get the real thing for 29 cents."
The
be made.
response to the soup cans was poor in Los Angeles,
but sensational in
New
York.
They were the
stars of
show, and completely different from what any other
the
artists
were creating. Warhol said that the soup cans reminded him
of his childhood
when he
They remain bold images
ate Campbell's
of
tomato soup
American consumer
daily.
society.
PRINTING THE IMAGES

In the summer of 1962, Warhol began experimenting with
commercial printing technique by using silk-screens (see
left
"The reason I'm painting this way is because I want

to be a machine. I tried doing them by hand, but I find it
easier to use a screen. This way, I don't have to work on my
objects at all. One of my assistants or anyone else, for that
panel).
A Warhol
(left)
had many
assistants
matter, can reproduce the design as well as
could."
to help create his prints.
TIMELINE
I
Summer 1962
Warhol creates
first
his
pictures using
silk-screen printing.
16
August 1962
Warhol
exhibits
soup cans
32
at the Ferus Gallery in Los
Angeles Because of lack of

buys them all himself.
interest,
October 1962
September-October 1962
he
The Cuban
missile crisis brings the
world close
to
nuclear
war
after
the U.S. discovers Russian nuclear

missiles in
Cuba.
Warhol displays his work at the

Pop Art exhibition "The New
Realists" at the
Gallery,
New
Sidney Janis
York.
Tomato
Soup Can, 1962
casein and pencil on linen, 8
2/3x6
2/3 in
(22 x 17 cm), Saatchi Collection, London, England
well as different types of soup,

Although he produced several versions, Warhol's soup cans were never identical. As
sometimes the cons ore open and sometimes
the colors of the cans change, there are subtle changes to the lettering,
shelf.
even have prices on them as if they had just been bought off the supermarket
closed,
and some
17
Hollywood Blonde
August of 1962, the film star Marilyn Monroe died of a
drug overdose. By the end of that year Warhol had made
23 prints of her, all based on a publicity shot for her 1953
In
Warhol experimented with different color

schemes, painting Monroe against backgrounds of gold,
film Niagara.
orange, or purple, and giving her blue, green, or purple
eyeshadow. Silk-screen printing made
it
easy for
him
to try
these changes.
Between August and December of 1962, Warhol produced

around 2,000 pictures, including some of his most famous
images. Over the next ten years he continued to work on
them and reproduced them again and
again.
Green Coca-
Cola
Bottles,
Andy
Warhol, 1962.
This picture
A Marilyn Monroe
the movie
in
o scene from
Stable Gallery
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.
1962.
It
image,
nlnllll
Marilyn Monroe's real
Baker. Born
in
Miiiiiil
Los
how one
in this
the classic
Cola
name was
in
graphically
illustrates
A HOLLYWOOD ICON
Norma Jean
was
exhibited at the
case
Coca-
bottle,
can be
used to produce a
visually exciting
Angeles
in
1926, she spent most
of her childhood
In
work
of art.
foster care.
1946 she became a model,
and
in
1953
starred as a
"dumb blonde"
many
to
in
films,
Marry a
in
the
first
which include
Millionaire
of
How
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.

her early death
came
abuse
to
in
In
and
at the Stable
After
Warhol had
Gallery in Manhattan,
his first solo exhibition
New
York. Both the
Andy Warhol became
famous overnight.
Warhol included his pictures of Coca-Cola

bottles, Campbell's soup cans, and dollar bills. He also
included his portraits of Marilyn Monroe.
In the show,
and beauty.
Warhol was fascinated by both

death and celebrities, so Monroe
was a
of 1962,
public and art critics loved his work.
1962, she
symbolize hlollywood's
of youth
November
natural subject for him.
TIMELINE
August
5,
1962
Autumn 1962
November 6-24, 1962
Monroe is found dead

home in Hollywood.
Marilyn
her
at
Warhol begins
in his
the
first
"Marilyn" series.
prints
Warhol has
his first solo exhibition at
Stable Gallery
in
New
York.
Eleanor Ward's
Lavender Marilyn,
silk-screen ink
and
acrylic on linen,
962
20 x 16
in
(50.8 x 40.6 cm), Private Collection, Stuttgart,
Warhol's portraits of Marilyn Monroe focused particularly on those features that had
large red lips, her eyes (especially the color of her eyeshadow), and her thick blonde
mode
Germany
her beautiful, her
hair.
19
"The King"
^
Elvis Presley
(1935-77) quickly
earned the nickname

because of
Pelvis"
POP MUSIC
"Elvis the
hip-swinging
his
stage performances. These
performances excited American

In
1950s popular music
the
began
to cater to
teenage fans and shocked
new
Elvis also
consumer, the "teenager" - a
word
first
used
in
of
King Creole (1958), and Gl Blues
pop music was born.
(1960), that
Pop music hod mass appeal

styles.
most famous, rock and
made a number
movies, including Loving You (1957),
- and
the '50s
and included many
their
disapproving parents.
The
In
was
roll,
were huge box
office
successes.
the '50s
and early '60s
Elvis
was more than a great rock and roll

star. He was also a symbol of the
new postwar America and hero to a
a mixture of traditional American

rhythm and blues, and country
whole generation who
and western.
called
him
"the King."
During the '60s, under the

influence of hippie culture,
music changed and
pop
many new
Elvis
After graduating from high school, where he sang in his
bonds were formed. Warhol
became associated
called Velvet
1964. He
with a
Underground
later
sleeve for their
Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1935.
he went to work
band
church
in
began recording
designed a
album Velvet
choir,
as a truck driver. In
1953 he
Memphis, Tennessee. He
went on to become one of the greatest rock and roll singers
of all time and the first teenage idol.
for
Sun Records
in
Underground and Nico.
POP ICON
With
his blue jeans, leather jacket, T-shirt,
chewing gum, and slicked-back

represented a
knew
this
new kind
and featured
of culture.
it.
Warhol
Elvis repeatedly, using
his popularity but at the
contributing to
hair, Elvis
same time
As he had done
for his
"Marilyn" prints, Warhol experimented with

various color and image combinations, visually
achieving very different pictures based on the
same
silk-screen image.
Elvis (right)
is
just
one of many versions
produced by Warhol. In
this
example he
sprayed the canvas with silver car paint before

printing the silk-screen image. Other pictures
Andy Warhol designed this cover
Underground and Nico in 967.
1
for the
album Velvet
show the image of Elvis reproduced two

more times in one picture.
or
Elvis,
1963
silk-screen ink
and
silver paint
on
linen,
82 x 35
in
(208.3 x 91 .4 cm),
Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest, Hungary

This
image of
Elvis
emphsizes
his status
as an icon of American youth culture
by almost appearing too large for the page.
21
Death and Disaster

also fascinated
far
Warhol was
of American life,
contrast to his celebrity pictures,
In
by another side
from the fame and glamour of showbusiness.
Warhol
who
said that
it
was his friend Henry Geldzahler
provided the inspiration for his "Death and
"We were having lunch one
Disaster" series:
day in
summer
and he laid a newspaper out on the
table. The headline was '129 DIE IN JET!' And
that's what started me on the death series - the Car
the
...
Crashes, the Disasters, the Electric Chairs
A Watching
TV,
960s. Television brought
images of death and disaster
CAPTURING THE DISASTER
right into
people's living rooms.
Warhol produced
whole
series of pictures
press photographs of real-life disasters,
REPEATING IMAGES
Many
which had not even been used
in
the "Death
used over and over again
in the newspapers
Warhol said he did
pattern.
he believed
in
screen printing process, he produced multiple

versions of the
a grid
this
changed
the
Repetition
way people
and
multiple
how he
enough
for
people to
make up
reacted to
it.
have an
own
minds.
sec
it
The original front cover
of the headline
mm^ ErlE
"129 DIE
IN JET!" that started
Warhol's interest
of death
To
make
pictures,
gruesome picture over
really
their
-^
bombarded by images.
over again,
were powerful
Lri'f^
images became an
''When you
expected others
times
important feature of Warhol's art and

reflected a society
or
felt
to feel. In his view, the pictures
quantity rather than quality,
many
same image without making any
comment on how he
because
a phrase he borrowed from industry.

Repeating something
silk-
and
same image
in
based on
some of
because they were too gruesome. Using the

of the pictures
Disaster" series feature the
and
..."
and
in
images
destruction.
his disaster
Warhol generally
used a mixture of
newspaper photos and
doesn't
headlines which he
''
projected onto a screen.
effect.
Andy Warlwl
TIMELINE
June 1962
An
article in
a newspaper
Warhol to produce his

"Death and Disaster" series.
inspires
September 1962
Warhol moves
to the F irehouse
East 87th Street,
New
York.
Autumn 1962
on
Warhol begins work on
1962-63
the
of his "Disaster" pictures.
first
Warhol produces
his
the
first
"Car Crash" scenes.
of
Green Disaster #2, 1963

acrylic
and
silk-screen ink
on canvas, 30 x 23
in
(76.2 x 58.6 cm), Burstein Collection
Warhol used powerful, hard-hitting pictures that summed up the way society was
becoming so used to images of horror that they were no longer shocked by them.
23
American Contrasts
Warhol acted as a camera or mirror. He reflected
American
brand products,
comment.
By making
its
The
how
Martin
L.
King
Jr. in
Washington, D.C.,
name
its
- without
at a sleek,
news
the media themselves treat
pages of a glossy magazine or

filled
of dreadful events and
page, and a
celebrities,
political events
newspaper are often
may look
its
out of a shocking image, he
art
reminds people of
these images.
society
with contrasting pictures
consumer
new
items.
The
car advertisement
reader
on one
and photograph about a
article
gruesome murder on the next.
963.
In his
art,
Warhol
uses exactly the
same multiple
and contradictory imagery produced by the global

media - magazines, newspapers, TV, and film.
THE FIGHT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS

The Declaration of Independence (adopted
in
776) said
that
all
men are created
equal and have the same rights
and
liberty,
However
to
life,
the pursuit of happiness.
in
960,
this
still
did not apply
American population of
to the African
the U.S.
The
960s'
change
civil rights
and Caucasians fought

often
to
met
tried to
v/ith
for justice, they
violence from those
opposed
change.
key leader
was Martin
in
movement
As both African Americans
this.
in
the
civil rights
Luther King
Jr.
movement
(1929-68). Born
Atlanta, Georgia, Martin
L.
King
'65 Pontiac Grand Prix.
Jr.
Now
became a powerful
have a dream," and speaks of
his
was
Jr.
assassinated
in
in
L.
Memphis,
1968.
The U.S. experienced both great affluence and violence
1963
August 1963
1963
Fighting breaks out
police
in
between
protesters
and
Birmingham,
Alabama.
consumer society
were assassinated and
TIMELINE
civil rights
has the year's second-best-looking car?
"I
the '60s. While the
April
who
dream
of a racially tolerant America. Martin
King
is:
public speaker. His
most famous speech repeats the words,
Tennessee,
the only question
Martin Luther King
Jr.
addresses over
200,000 people
Washington D.C.
in
cities
November 1963
Gerard Malanga
President
becomes Warhol's
is
new
Dallas, Texas.
assistant.
burned
Kennedy
assassinated
in
in
flourished, political leaders

in
race
riots.
January 1964
Warhol moves
1964
Velvet
Underground
larger studio on
begin
to
231 East 47th
at the Factory.
Street.
to
rehearse
Birmingham Race
screen-print
In April
of
in
1964
(508 x 610 cm), Private Collection
963, people protesting peacefully against
Alabama, and
the brutal
Riot,
on woven paper, 200 x 240
this led to fighting.
way many
''If
police officers treated the
you want
surface of
racial segregation
Warhol produced a number
to
unarmed
know
all
my paintings
laws were arrested
in
Birmingham,
of different images of the riots which capture
protesters.
about Warhol just look at the
and films
...
There's nothing behind
and
there I
am.
it."
Andy Warhol
25
"
The
Factory
1963 Warhol's townhouse studio had become
Bycluttered and impossible

moved
his studio to East
to
Street.
Here
workshop
moved
In June he
as his assistant.
The
again, to 231 East 47th
his rented loft
for
in.
87th Street and employed a
young poet, Gerard Malanga,

following year he
work
became both home and
an enthusiastic group of helpers.
The people working with Warhol included artists,

poets, students, and filmmakers. They all exchanged
ideas, creating
which
an exciting and
to work.
fertile
atmosphere in
A number of people were responsible
and often carried out every stage of

producing works to Warhol's designs. The loft soon
for the printing
became known
''Famous people
started to
come
by the studio,
to
peek at the
ongoing party.
Andy Warhol
26
Andy Warhol on
the Factory fire
escape, c.1965.
as the Factory.
Warhol's parties were famous.
had
TRENDSETTER
In many ways the
Renaissance
Factory was like the workshop of a
artist,
with Warhol
focus for Warhol's fast-moving
the trendiest place in
The
Factory had
New
its
own
Pop
art scene,
photographers
and soon was
who
captured
A photographer called Billy
the Factory foreman.
He
of the loft with metallic silver paint and

installed lighting
became the
York.
events at the studio on film.
Name became
as the Master. It
and a sound system.
decorated the inside
aluminium
foil,
and
The
Factory was very
remembered the Factory
among young
fashionable
as
He
picked out the
"a sort of glamorous
fashionable model Edie
clubhouse with everyone
Sedgwick, dazzled by her
reputation for weird
trying to attract Andy's
wealth, beauty, glamour, and
"happenings," wild parties,
attention.
and the bad behavior of
was,
people.
It
gained a
guests (although
many
its
The big question

whom Andy would
became
notice." This
of
Warhol's friends suggested
She became the
in a succession of Factory
Eventually the Factory
during the mid 1960s, as
lost its freshness. It
attempt by Warhol to
Warhol began
just
publicize himself).
involved in filmmaking.
this
As
many
meeting place
Between
to be part of the hip
and creative scene.
mixed with
Celebrities
poets,
FACTORY FILMS
for
models with
studio at 33
'74 Paul
new
loft
Union Square
West. This time he had the
Factory on Warhol's films.
whole sixth
Morrissey arranged screen-
entirely in white.
which occupied the

floor,
painted
which involved
taking
with musicians.
faces
pictures of
still
among
new
the Factory
crowd. Warhol then used
art
them
expert Fienry Geldzahler,
in his films.
SEDGWICK
The young model, born
1943, was
first
in
Santa Barbara, California,
attracted to the
Warhol crowd
She came from a wealthy family and enjoyed
in
in
about 1965.
the celebrity
lifestyle that
went with her modeling career. She was close
friends with
Warhol and
others working at the Factory.
Between '65 and '67 Edie Sedgwick starred

Warhol's
Girls.
to a
interior,
academics, photographers
EDIE
and
New
York social scene. In 1968
Morrissey worked at the
tests
Warhol's friend, the
'65
became
another part of the
Warhol moved
who
different people
wanted
social
to get
a result, the Factory
became
first
"superstars."
increasingly important
image was simply an
style.
films,
including Poor
Rich Girl
Little
in
many
of
and Chelsea
Although she was happy at the Factory, arguments with
Warhol about
in his films
led
the small
them
to
amount
break up
of
money he paid
in
her to act
the late 1960s.
Edie's dependency on drugs then worsened. She moved
back
to
Santa Barbara
November
15,
971
for treatment, but
She was
Edie Sedgwick, late
just
died suddenly on
28 years
old.
960s. Edie had a promising modeling
career but really wanted to be
in
the movies.
27
Uncertain Times
In
1964 a
Brillo
Box
such
installation,
as the
one shown on
the right, was the star of Warhol's second exhibition at the
WAR
Stable Gallery in Manhattan,
VIETNAM
IN
New
York.
Time magazine reported that Warhol

1963
In
spread of Communism, sent
envy and a sense of beauty.
troops to help South Vietnam
with
Brillo'Sized boxes,
war
in civil
Brillo design.
Communist North Vietnam.
Thousands
of
were drafted
for
"He was overcome with

So he had a carpenter make 1 20
He
and ordered a silk-screen
stenciled
it
on
stencil of the
the boxes
all
for his
...
current show, where they are selling for $300 each."
young Americans
to fight in
had the idea
his Brillo Boxes in a supermarket.
the U.S., fearing the
which was engaged
first
a distant
^ Fountain (signed
and unpopular war.

R. Mutt),
Warhol did not

he an anti-war
very few
was
He made
serve, nor
activist.
mean,
Duchamp
the
war and
the
worry me but usually
created his
"ready-modes" by
political statements:
don't worry about art or
"I
Marcel
Duchamp, 1917.
selecting
life.
on ordinary
item,
in this
bomb
cose o urinol. He
exhibited the piece without
there's not
oltering
it
in
any woy.
much you can do about them."

The U.S. withdrew from South
Vietnam
in
1973.
In
1975, South
Vietnam became part of the
MARCEL DUCHAMP
Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Warhol's inspiration did not just spring from a supermarket

shelf.
The French
artist
Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) had
the idea of creating "ready-mades" back in 1913, and shifted

people's perceptions of
Warhol's
Brillo
what could be
called "art."
Boxes explores the same idea.
At
a time of
uncertainty for the U.S., Warhol's art raised unsettling

questions about concepts long taken for granted.
WAR, PATRIOTS, AND PROTESTERS

During the mid and
late 1960s,
military involvement in
For every American

U.S. soldiers in
Vietnam watch
duty, there
controversy over U.S.
Vietnam
tore the country in two.
who was proud
to
do
his or her patriotic
were thousands of others, often young students,
as helicopters pass overhead.
who
protested vigorously against military involvement.
April
1964
TIMELINE
January 1964
April
August 1964
1964
Warhol exhibits his "Death

and Disaster" series at the
Warhol creates
Sonnabend
York World
gallery
in Paris.
for the
New
Fair.
over by Warhol.
28
Thirteen
Most Wanted Men
York State Pavilion at the
The mural was
later
New
painted
The
"Brillo
Boxes" are exhibited
at the Stable Gallery,
New
York.
Conflict
in
escalates.
Vietnam
The U.S.
sends troops to
South Vietnam.
fight in
is
ALUMINUM PASTji
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Boxes, 1964
Brillo
silk-screen ink
and
20
in
20 X 17
acrylic
(51
x 51 x 43 cm),
The Andy Warhol Foundation

Visual Arts,
New
York,
the
New
York
They made people question
meaning of the word
this
way
because
want
to he
a machine
...
for the
:^:r:t:l^::v:;^:r^:
their time.
Tm painting
on wood,
anyone
else
can reproduce the
design as weii as
y^^^^
couu.
Warhol
"art."
29
A Grieving Widow
When John
F.
Kennedy (known
as
JFK) was
elected President in 1960, he and his wife

Jackie seemed to represent a
PRESIDENT
John
JOHN
Kennedy was sworn
F.
as President
in
age in U.S. politics.
They were young, glamorous, and attractive.

Three years later, on November 22, 1963, JFK was
KENNEDY
F.
new
assassinated by a sniper's bullet in Dallas, Texas.
on January 20, 1961 (see photo below).
was
At the age of 43 he
the youngest
elected U.S. president.

His term
April of
criticism
Bay
the
in
office
had a
difficult start. In
1961, he faced international

over a failed invasion of
of Pigs,
and
Cuba
world drew closer than ever before

nuclear
Crisis.
and
war during
However,
in
the
Cuban
1963
to
Missile
tensions eased,
the U.S., Great Britain,
and
former Soviet Union signed the
banning the
at
the following year the
testing of nuclear
the
first
treaty
weapons.
Kennedy's assassination was mourned

all
over the world, and millions tuned
in to
A A photo taken minutes before JFK's assassination. The

couple are traveling
watch
his funeral
in
presidential
an open-topped car past cheering crowds.
procession on television.
During the funeral Jackie was photographed crying

beside her husband's coffin.
The image
of her grief
was seen around the world in newspapers, magazines,
and on
television.
Warhol used
Sixteen J ackies (right).
this
However, he
photo in 1964
in
also included
photographs of Jackie smiling.
The
contrast between the two emotions in the
more powerful than a single image would

have been. These images show how Jackie's life
changed instantly from happiness to sorrow.
picture
is
Warhol's
President
Kennedy takes
the oath of office,
January 1961.
own
attitude, as always,
was unusual.
He said, "It didn't bother me that he [JFK] was dead.

What bothered me was the way the television and
radio were
programming everybody
to be so sad."
TIMELINE
Summer 1964
Spring 1964
November 1964
October 1964
Warhol works
at the Factory
on the "Jackie"
series.
Warhol acquires a tape recorder
Dr.
Martin Luther King
on
the
Nobel Peace
to
which he records diary
entries
and
interviews.
Jl
30
Jr.
Prize.
receives
Fighting
fiercer.
in
Vietnam becomes
Martial law
is
declared
in
Saigon, capital of South Vietnam.
Sixteen Jackies,
Synthetic polymer paint
and
964
silk-screen ink
on canvas, 80 x 63
''/s in
(203 x 162 cm), The Brant Foundation,
Greenwich, Connecticut
These faces were familiar from endless television screenings.
In
combination they create a powerful impression of
grief.
31
Warhol and Film

Between
83
1963 and 1986 Warhol produced
films.
Most of them
'7^5 the movies that have really
are very strange
been running things in America
and not what movie-goers usually expect.

For example, some of his early films are
ever since they were invented.
completely wordless and very long. They

include Sleep, a six-hour film
made
They show you what
in 1963
by simply pointing the camera at John
Giorno
as
he
slept.
Other
early
when to do it,
about it, and how
do
to
non-
feel
mainstream films that Warhol directed and

produced are Eat (1963), Haircut (1963),
how
how to
to do,
it,
to
how you feel about
look
it."
and Kitchen (1965).
Andy Warhol
ANTI-HOLLYWOOD
Warhol was aware of how Hollywood
dominated the U.S. film industry and
deliberately tried to make his films different.
Unlike Hollywood films, Warhol's films
rarely
have
a clear story
with a beginning, a
middle, and an end.

In the same way, very few of the people
who
appear in his films were professional
actors.
Warhol's
Factory,
stars usually
came from the
and included Edie Sedgwick
page 27), the "superstar" Viva, Billy
(see
Name
and Joe Dallesandro, star of

Lonesome Cowboys (1967) and Trash (1970).
(see page 26),
-^ Warhol created
from
his film Sleep,
this print
1
by placing together
tv/o
stills
965, one above the other.
TIMELINE
1965
Warhol produces many

including Kitchen, Poor
Rich Girl,
Race
32
and
riots in
October 1965
films
Little
Sleep.
Los Angeles.
Warhol
exhibition at
the University of
Pennsylvania. Also
Toronto and Turin.
in
1966
Warhol accompanies
to
various
of
Chelsea
live
Velvet
performances.
Girls.
1967
Underground
First
showing
Morrissey takes over the
direction of Warhol's films.
Warhol and Morrissey travel to

the Cannes Film Festival. Warhol
begins lecturing at colleges.
Produces "Electric Chair"
series.
DIFFERENT KII^D OF EXPERIENCE

Films such as Kitchen (1963) show ordinary people
doing and talking about everyday things. According

to Warhol, his films were not intended to entertain
but, instead, to allow people in the audience to get
know each
Warhol thought that if the

audience saw something strange on the screen, they
to
were
other.
likely to turn to
Warhol
each other to discuss
it.
also said that his films allowed people to
do other things like eat, drink, cough, look away, or

look back - and find everything still there. This is
largely because of the
many
way the camera
used. In
is
of Warhol's early films the camera
concentrates on one object or person, allowing the
audience to look
such
as
they might not notice,
at things
the props, costumes, and lighting.
camera movement, when
it
shaky or out of focus; and,
does occur,
as
is
The
often
Many
with Warhol's
silk-
Warhol behind the camera

of the early films
Warhol
were
in
1968.
directed
by
himself. In later years, Morrissey
took over
this role.
screen prints, images are often repeated.
SHOWING
THE FILMS
Warhol also used to show
his films
in unusual or different ways.
Sometimes he showed two
films at
the same time, either next to or
above each other.
AT THE
BOX
Warhol's
first
OFFICE
film success was
Chelsea Girls, released in 1966. This

featured visits by
artists,
musicians,
and writers to the famous Chelsea

Hotel in
Soon
New
after,
York.
Warhol handed over
the role of director to his assistant
Paul Morrissey. Morrissey worked
with Warhol until 1974, and made
A
in
several commercially successful films

publicity
the center,
photo for the 1970
and the
film. Trash.
film's director,
Warhol
is
seated
Paul Morrissey, on the
left.
including Trash (1970).
33
Productive Years
In
Warhol was Uke
the mid '60s,
He was
a powerhouse.
involved in a wide range of artistic
activities,
managed
from
art, to fihn,
to music.
He
generally
to be commercially successful at
everything he
in business
is
tried.
He once
said that "being
the most fascinating kind of
good
art."
Warhol wanted to keep

artistic intervention to a minimum. He wanted to
reflect the world without putting a message on
what he showed. For him, the interest of
Whatever the
filmmaking
art form,
lay in this lack of intervention: all the
work was done by the camera, the subject
A
It
Russian tanks
in
Prague, August 1968.
pointing
at,
and the person watching the
it
was
film.
shocked the world that the Russians would
invade such a peaceful, cosmopolitan
city.
RUSSIAN INVASION
was
During the summer of 1968, while he

recovering from his gunshot wounds,
Warhol watched
lots
of television.
On
August 22nd, he saw footage showing

the Russians invading Czechoslovakia, the
country where
his
parents were born.
The invasion by heavily-armed Soviet

troops
was
response
in
to attempts
by
Alexander Dubcek, leader of the
Czechoslovak Communist
arrest for the attempted
Party, to
Valerie Solanis being interviewed by journalists following her
murder of Andy Warhol,
968.
introduce liberal social reforms including
more freedom
known as
was
for the
"the
ATTACK AT THE FACTORY
media, a period
On June
Prague spring" (Prague
the capital of Czechoslovakia).
until
freed
1989, before Czechoslovakia

itself
member
would take another 20 years,
It
1968,
Warhol was the victim of an
assassination attempt. Valerie Solanis, the sole
Dubcek's reforms were stopped by the

Russians.
3,
Men),
of
SCUM
tried to kill
(Society for the Cutting
him. Luckily she
failed,
Up
oi
but two
finally
bullets entered Warhol's lungs, stomach, liver,
from Soviet control.
throat.
He was
in the hospital for
and
two months.
TIMELINE
February 1968
Warhol moves
studio at
West,
34
to
new
33 Union Square
New
York.
April
Dr.
is
1968
Martin Luther King
shot
dead
Tennessee.
in
June 1968
Jr.
Memphis,
Warhol
Solanis.
is
shot at his studio by Valerie
He
survives but spends the
next two months
in
the hospital.
August 1968
The Russians invade Czechoslovakia
following
line
its
attempts to reform hard-
Communist
policies.
Warhol's film Empire,

long.
It
completely
is
made
silent,
in
964,
the time this

film
was
in
shows one view
New
single
York
(at
of the building for a
was
Many
critics
too long.
"My films
to
eight hours
the tallest building in the world).
whole day, from sunrise to sunset.

thought the film
is
and focuses on a
view of the Empire State Building

The
Jlîl^l^^^^
From Empire, 1964
Stills
using stationary objects were
made
help the audience get more acquainted with themselves.

Andy Warhol
35
Back
to the
Beginning
INTERVIEW MAGAZINE
':J?- -^ 3--S2!VT-:->-J.-Jf>i-'B!J.'i'
Andy Warhol's
magazine
first
Interview
to focus
was
the
on
revealing interviews of
celebrities, including
filnn
star
Elizabeth Taylor, boxer
Muhammad
Henry
At
and
Ali,
politician
Kissinger.
first
Warhol was not
A Warhol with Mick Jogger, lead singer
involved much. However, as the
of the British rock
group the
Rolling Stones.
magazine became more

successful, he
began conducting
He was
interviews himself.
able
After the
also
way he
attempt on his Ufe, Warhol's attitude and the
completely. Access to the Factory at

celebrities, taking their pictures
was restricted to a very small
with his Polaroid camera.
Interview used very
page designs and
Warhol returned
modern
art
form
in
its
it
had become an
own
circle of friends.
to his previous success as
an
artist,
creating portraits of well-known people such as the leader of
elegant, or
sometimes experimental photos.
By the 1980s
him changed
33 Union Square West,
dealt with the people around
to attend parties with the
right.
Communist China, Mao-Tse Tung (in 1972), and the famous

American writer Truman Capote (in 1979). He spent less
and less time with the "unknown" faces at the Factory.
In 1969 Warhol was asked by John Wilcock, editor of
the underground newspaper Other Scenes, to work with
him
to produce a
new
The first issue

autumn of 1969.
magazine.
Interview appeared in the
of
RENEWING OLD THEMES

Throughout the 1970s Warhol continued
to work,
producing silk-screen images and experimenting with
new
Warhol
(front
left)
stoff of Interview, in
with
some
of the
o photo token to
advertise the magazine, c.1978.
techniques. In the early 1980s, returning to a
earlier
theme
(see pages 10-11),
silk-screen shoe pictures such as the
he produced a
much
series of
one opposite.
TIMELINE
1969
First
landing on the moon.
Vietnom war
Warhol
First
intensifies.
exhibition
^^SSSHfi 972-78
1969-72
in Berlin.
issue of Interview.
Warhol produces
new
artist
relatively
few
works, other than portraits of

friends
and gallery owners,
and a few commissions.
Warhol mainly produces

and continues to re-work
pictures.
A number
around the world.
1978-79
portraits,
old
of exhibitions
Warhol produces "Oxidation"

and "Shadows"
Meets
Iran
overthrown. Russians invade

Afghanistan.
36
series.
Joseph Beuys. Shah of
Diamond Dust ShoeS/ 1980

screen-print with
diamond
dust,
Warhol produced a number
and
portraits of the
German
of
40
59
^/s jn
diamond dust
artist
(1
02 x 151
cm), Private Collection
pictures, including
Joseph Beuys (see page 42)
a series of "Shadows"
in
in
1979
980. He created these
magical paintings by sprinkling powdered crystal, or "diamond dust," on to the wet
silk-
screened canvas.
Ifs
possible to see the sparkling dust in the block areas of the picture, but the canvas has to be
seen
in
a gallery
to appreciate this dazzling effect.
"J still care
about people hut
easier not to care
...
it
ifs too
would be so much
hard
to care."
Andy Warhol
37
Self-Portrait
AS
well as painting, photography, and fihnmaking,
also wrote or contributed to several
famous POPism. The Warhol
made
diary entries,
Warhol
books including his
This was a transcript of his
'60s.
using a tape recorder, from 1964 onward.
In 1985 he published America, one of several collections of
New
his photographs, featuring pictures of

trips across
the United States.
THE FINAL PERFORMANCE

Most of Warhol's later works
focus
on the concept of
"Warhol" himself, and explore ideas related to death. His
Warhol photographed before a
gueststar appearance on the television
series of "Self-Portraits," including the
show Love
exhibited in 1986 at the
Boat,
c.
984.
15 MINUTES OF FAME
On
1
have
my
said, "The great
ov/n regular
He achieved
this
1980, when the

Warhol's TV
stations.
my
ambition of
unfulfilled
In
several occasions during the
970s Warhol
was
life is
talk
Anthony
one on the
right,
were
d'Offay Gallery in London.
In 1987 he produced a series of "Last Supper" pictures which
were shown
at the Palazzo delle Stelline in
Warhol once
said that dying
thing one could do.
embarrassed
to
TV show."
ambition
York City and his
all
was the most embarrassing
On February
his friends
Milan.
22, 1987,
Andy Warhol
by dying unexpectedly
at
New
York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center following surgery

routine gallbladder operation.
in
He was
for a
only 58 years old.
show Andy
aired on cable
The show ran
until
1982.
1986, he appeared on TV
Andy Warhol's
Minutes was aired on
again when
Fifteen
MTV. Taking
its title
from Warhol's
most famous saying (see

opposite), the
enthusiastic
show
attracted
an
teenage audience,
and made Warhol popular with a

whole new generation.
Warhol
the artist
become Warhol
had
finally
the celebrity.
A Andy Warhol was buried
in
Pittsburgh.
ceremony with only family members and
The funeral was a small, private
close friends invited.
TIMELINE
1980
Warhol does
1981-86
1987
1986
portrait of
Warhol does advertising work.
Andy
Warhol's TV
Continues with portraits and some
on MTV. Produces "Camouflage,"
aired on TV. POPism. The
new works
"Cars," "Lenin," "Last Supper,"
Warhol '60s published.
"Crosses," and "Guns."
Beuys.
Andy
including "Dollar Signs/
Warhol's 15 Minutes aired
"Self-Portrait" series.
and
On
February 22nd,
Andy Warhol
New
dies
in
York as a result of
surgery.
Self-Portrait,
synthetic
1986
polymer paint and
on canvas, 40 x 40
silk-screen
in
(1
01 .6 x
01 .6 cm), The
Andy Warhol Museum,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Warhol made
self-portraits
throughout
his career.
created for a separate series of pictures

include the patriotic colors red, white,
the
same time merging with
7n
it.
in
and
The picture above includes a camouflage element he
1986. Warhol has altered the camouflage pattern to

blue. The irregular stripes partially hide his face while at
Warhol seems
to
be saying that he
is
a part of American culture
the future everyone will he
for
itself.
famous
15 minutes/'
Andy Warhol
39
Warhol's Legacy
Andy Warhol was one of
the most important
artists
of the 20th century.
His involvement in
not
just
art
was
about painting, but
included
all
other aspects o{
Warhol was famous not only
In simple direct images he
being
summarized the themes of
for his art, but also for
many ways he
a celebrity. In
was
as
famous
mid-20th century America.

His mass-produced images
as the
he admired so
celebrities
reflected the mass-
production of consumer
much.
the art world such as
goods.
advertising, film, television,
music, journalism, literature,
consumer products, and

money.
POP ARTIST
Warhol was multi-talented

and worked successfully
across different types of
and
consumer product, while
Warhol embodied Pop art

its reflection of a throwaway
consumer society, and its
life
and
at
the same time making us
wonder
was true or not.
if it
culture.
MAN
MEDIA
media.
to suggest
that art was simply another
attitude to
They seem
He made
paintings
films, organized a
workshop of artists, wrote
WWARHQL
MUZEUM MODERNEHO
D Z
A B
A C H
books, edited a magazine,
and put together a rock

band.
A product of the 20th

century,
Warhol responded
to the widespread
availability of
media images
seen in magazines, comics,
newspaper, TV, and film.

Later, they reflected his
fame back
own
to him.
A A Warhol Family Museum of Modern Art was established

Medzilaborce,
'Andy WarhoVs name
is
WarhoVs
combine
hair, the
make
greatest artwork
Art
40
to
1991
in
a household word. The ghostly
complexion, the silver-white

leather jacket
in
outside Mikova, Slovakia, the birthplace of Warhol's parents.
just
crilic
dark
glasses,
and
a memorable image
is
Andy
join] PciTciuli
Warhol'.'
the
...
known
as Britart.
Like Warhol,
many
of Hirst's images arc about
death - some of his most memorable artworks show

dead animals preserved in formaldehyde. In their
simplicity his paintings,
on
which show colored
white background, are also
Hirst also extends his art
makes
circles
like Warhol's.
beyond the canvas. He
installations, creates artworks
which look
like
specimens from a natural history museum, directs

videos for pop groups, and has been involved in the
restaurant trade. His restaurant. Pharmacy, in
London's trendy Notting Hill was named
after
one
of his installation pieces which resembled a drug

store. Confusingly, the
Pharmacy restaurant he
designed looked exactly like the inside of a
Damien
but
was
real
Hirst's
criticized
Pharmacy opened
because
it
1998,
in
looked too much
pharmacy. He then changed the name
Army Chap
(an
anagram
pharmacy.
like
to
of pharmacy).
ANDY WARHOL MUSEUM

The Andy Warhol Museum was
established in
NO COMMENT
Warhol's birthplace, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in
Warhol challenged ideas about what

art is and how people are supposed
1994.
to respond to
The museum
exhibits
features a
number
of permanent
and holds over 4,000 examples of Warhol's
work. These include paintings, drawings, prints,

it.
Unlike many
artists
who
speak at
photographs, sculptures, films, and videotapes.
length on exactly what they are

trying to do, expressing their aims
and
and often
artistic intentions,
their tortured souls,
Andy Warhol
was reluctant to say anything

about his
art.
He
at all
left it entirely
the viewer to respond to
it
up to
in
whatever way they wanted.
DAMIEN HIRST
Like Warhol, the British
artist
Damien
Hirst (b.l965)
painter.
He became famous
London
in the 1990s as
leading figures in what
is
a celebrity
in
one of the
became
The Andy Warhol

Pittsburgh.
the Arts,
It is
Museum
is
one of the four Carnegie Museums
joint project of the
Carnegie
Institute,
of
Dia Center for
and The Andy Warhol Foundation.
41
Pop Art, Performance Art

Joseph Beuys
Performance
The famous German
1979. Beuys admired Warhol, and in
artist
met Warhol in
1980 he commissioned him
diamond dust
for
it
to
do
(see page 37).
his portrait.
The
first
JOSEPH BEUY
Warhol used
Germany in
1921 and went on to become
Beuys was born
portraits toured
in
Europe, opening in
one
Naples in April of
artists in the
1980, followed by
Performance
movement -
Munich and then

Geneva. As a result,
both of the
of the leading
combined
One
which
art
theater,
and
music,
artists
art
visual arts.
of his most
received a lot of
famous performances
publicity.
was
How
called
to
Explain Pictures to a
Andy Warhol,
center, in
New
York with Joseph Beuys
(left).
On
the right
American
artist
Rauschenberg
is
Dead
around a gallery with
Robert
(b.
Beuys walked
it,
the
Hare, 1965. For
1925).
his
face painted
in
gold and cradled a
dead hare
He was
a real revolutionary artist without
probably understanding
...he
had
it
in the correct
the
arms.
same way as
Warhol, Beuys contributed
way
own fame by making
and was
this intuitive feeling
much
In
in his
to his
his life
appear mysterious and strange.
saying more about society in a political sense
many
than
other artists
who made
He
direct
led the
way
attention from
moving public
in
an
artist's
work
to
focus on his or her personality
political statements.
and
actions.
By the time of
Joseph Beuys about Andy Warhol, 1979.
his
death
in
1986, Joseph Beuys was an

international celebrity.
TIMELINE
1949
1928
August
6,
Andrew
born
in
1949 Works
1928
Vv'arhola
is
Forest City,
Pennsylvania.
1945 World War
artist.
Shortens his
name
to
II
952
in
the
Studies at
Carnegie
summer
department
Visits
New
in
exhibition
as a commercial
artist,
store.
York.
1962 Warhol
\VOT
starts
the 36th
for
shoe advertisement.
1963 Speech by
Following the
death of Marilyn
Martin Luther King
printing.
Monroe
Gerard Molonga
using blown-up
Summer 1962
series.
cartoon
Begins work on the
strips.
1961 Creates
soup cans.
1962
Lichtenstein
in
August,
begins the "Marilyn"
to paint
Directors'
Club Award
1962
IVOJ
using photo silk-screen
becomes
Jr.
assistant.
November 1963
"Death and Disaster"
October 1962
series.
Exhibits at the
Pop
President
art
Kennedy
assassinated
New
New York. 1964
in
is
Dallas.
exhibition "The
Annual Art
a
plastic
York. Success
1956 Wins
Has
job
First
New
1957 Has
surgery on his nose.
Andy Warhol. 1960 Begins
Institute
of Technology,
Pittsburgh.
New
York OS a commercial
ends.
1945-49
in
Mf
1957
August 1962
32 pictures of
Exhibits Realists"
Campbell's soup cans
exhibits his cartoon
in
artwork.
them
Los Angeles. Buys

himself.
in
Warhol moves
to the Factory.
November 1962
First
New
solo exhibition
York.
to
in
Begins
work with Velvet
Underground. Exhibits
the "Brillo Boxes."
1 like
his politics,
and
States
he should come
United
to the
be politically active there. That
really great.
would be
Beuys, Rauschcnberg, and
think an artist should be in the
ruling government.
want
CyTwombley (b.l929).So
many people wanted to see
support the political
to
of Joseph Beuys because one day he could go
efforts
onto the
street
with
the exhibition that there
He should become
it.
president.
were
fears
and the police had to
safety,
Andy Warhol about Joseph
close the
Beuys, 1980.
about public
show on opening
day.
CREATING A MYTH
WORKING TOGETHER
Beuys, like Warhol, was not
Warhol was not interested in

Beuys's work to begin with,
THE PRICE
At the end
but he began to take notice
statistician Dr.
when Beuys became more
published his annual
famous. Beuys helped
the top 100
own life into a myth.

One of Beuys's claims was
Warhol
the value of their works,
that during the war (in
Europe. Each improved the
at auctions.
which he served as a
German pilot) he was shot
other's reputation.
the
down
exhibited in Berlin with
simply an
but also a
artist,
showman, co-founder of the

Green party in Germany,
and someone who turned
his
in
Germany and
March
In
over the Russian
to be taken seriously
RIGHT?
of 1983, the
Bongard
of
list
based on
artists
according to the prices paid
across
Warhol
of 1982,
IS
list,
Beuys topped
Warhol came
second, and Rauschenberg

third.
tundra. According to him,
nomads found him and

nursed him back to health,
protecting him with fat and
wrapping him in felt. Later,
he used these materials
1964
1965
in
First
Chelsea
showing
of
Morrissey takes over
the
"Jackie" series. Starts
as
Girls.
967
Travels to the
tape recorder. The
Cannes
Film Festival.
trendy "happenings."
colleges. Produces
Films Empire.
"Electric
1965
films.
Produces
Race
Angeles.
many
riots in
Los
April
Chair"
1968
Luther King
dead
in
if it
is like
^^^n
can't just love
it.
goes up.
series.
Martin
Jr.
in
conversation with the Hollywood actress Jodie Foster.
months
in
1978 Produces
1982-86 Returns
"Oxidation" and
advertising work,
"Shadows"
portraits of artist
hospital.
August 1968
and gallery
owners, and some
Russians invade
commissions.
is
shot
Memphis.
1972-78 Mainly
produces
the
First
landing on
979 Meets
moon. Vietnam
war intensifies.
Warhol exhibition
work
Berlin. First issue of
Interview.
1986 Andy
is
of
Warhol
Andy Warhol's
screened on TV.
POPism. The Warhol

'60s
Warhol's
Portrait of
old pictures.
A number
in
Many
15 Minutes screened
980
TV
re-
portraits.
Joseph
portraits but
also continues to
more
to
exhibitions are held.
Beuys.
1969
series.
Beuys.
Czechoslovakia.
1982-86
1978
June 1968 Warhol is 1969-72 Few new

works, other than
shot and spends two
Begins lecturing at
scene of
it
1969-72
film director.
to love
friends
recording diary entries
and interviews on a
is
1968
Warhol works on
is
an investment. You
You have
1966
Vietnam escalates.
Factory
broker Art
A Andy Warhol,
Conflict
a dealer
like
in
his art.
1964
sto^^nd
to^^n
Paintings are
is
published.
exhibitions are held
1981 Several new
around the world.
works including
on MTV. Produces
"Camouflage," "Cars,"
and
"Self-Portroit."
February 22, 1987

Andy Warhol dies in
a
New
York hospital
as result of surgery.
"Dollar Signs."
43
Glossary
Abstract Expressionism: the
name given
artists
to the
New
based in
1940s and
work of several
York in the
Their work
'50s.
consumer society:
whose main goal is
a society
Performance
to provide
movement
postwar
art: a
that
combined
art
theater,
One
goods and services to the public
music, and visual
(the consumer).
leading artists was Joseph Beuys
focused on expressing their
art.
of
its
(1921-86).
emotions and what they were
Great Depression: the global
actually feeling as they painted.
economic slump of the 1930s.
Pop
art:
an
movement
art
of the
1960s that tried to produce art

aesthetics: the principles or study
"happening": a performance in
that everyone would like, and
of artistic taste.
which elements from everyday life

are put together in a strange, non-
rejected ideas of good and bad
brand: a group of goods from one
realistic way.
manufacturer that are recognized
is
Usually the audience
art often
depicted
subjects from popular culture.
popular culture: culture that

hip: well informed about the
movement of
many of
Pop
asked to participate.
by their name, design, or logo.
Britart: a British art
taste.
latest
such
fashion or taste.
is
enjoyed by the general public,

as
pop music,
films,
and TV.
the 1990s which echoed

the themes of Pop
icon: an image or figure that
Renaissance: the period between
famous exhibition was called
symbolizes or represents
c.
"Sensation" and included
something.
great revival in
art. Its
most
all
the
arts.
(From
the French word renaissance
artworks that were designed to
shock people.
1400 and 1600 which saw a
idol:
someone
or something you
meaning
"rebirth.")
worship or admire.
celebrity:
someone who
screentest: test to decide whether
is
famous.
installation: in art, a series of
objects or sculptures arranged in a

civil rights: the rights
by the state to
Between
rights
c.
its
guaranteed
movement
in the U.S.
fought to secure equal civil rights

for
African Americans.
will look
good on the
TV screen.
particular way.
segregation: separation of one
citizens.
1954-68, the civil
someone
movie or
interior designer:
someone who
designs the inside of houses,

offices or shops,
group from another, often on the

basis of race or religion.
choosing color
schemes, carpets, curtains,
etc.
silk'Screen printing: a form of
logo: a symbol or trademark used
which color ink is

forced through a silk mesh onto
to identify a manufacturer or
the surface beneath.
printing in
commercial
help
sell
art: art
designed to
something, for example,
the illustrations used in an
particular type of goods.
Soviet Union: a federation of
advertisement.
mainstream: in
Communism:
a political system,
art,
what
is
considered normal.
based on the teachings of Karl
Marx (1818-83),
that believes in
a strong central state
and the
abolition of private property. In
the 20th century.
spread
The
mass production:
a standardized
republics under the
leadership and control of Russia.
Soviet
Union was disbanded
in 1991.
process to manufacture items in

large quantities.
Studio: an
media: channels through which
underground:
information
artistic
artist's
workshop.
Communism
was established in both the former

Soviet
Communist
Union and China, and

from there into a number
of other countries.
is
distributed such as
in art, a social
movement
and
of the 1960s
wanted to change society and

it more free.
newspapers, magazines, radio, TV,
that
or the internet.
make
Museums and
Works by Warhol
are exhibited in
the world, although
many
Galleries
museums and
galleries all
are held in private collections.
around
Most of
museums and galleries listed here have a wide range of other

works on display.
Even if you can't visit any of these galleries yourself, you may be
able to visit their web sites. Gallery web sites often show pictures of
the artworks they have on display. Some of the web sites even offer
virtual tours which allow you to wander around and look at different
the
artists'
paintings while sitting comfortably in front of your computer!

Most of the international web sites detailed below include an option
that allows you to view them in English.
UNITED STATES
EUROPE
The Andy Warhol Museum
Centre National d'Art

Georges Pompidou
75191 Paris
cedex 04
117 Sandusky Street
PA 15212-5890
www.warhol.org
Pittsburgh,
et
de Culture
France
The Baltimore Museum

10 Art Museum Drive
of
Art
MD
21218-3898
Baltimore,
www.artbma.org
www.centrepompidou.fr
Hungarian National Gallery

Buda Castle, The Royal Palace
Building
BCD
Birmingham Museum of Art

2000 Eighth Avenue North
2 Szent Gyorgy Square

Budapest
Birmingham, AL 35203-2278
www.artsbma.org
Hungary
Staatagalerie Stuttgart
Carnegie
Museum
of
Art
Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 30-32
D-701 73 Stuttgart
4400 Forbes Avenue

Pittsburgh, PA 15213-4080
www.cmoa.org
Germany
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

1071 5th Avenue (at 89th Street)
Tate Modern
Bankside
New
York,
NY
www.guggenheimcollection.org
www.staatsgalerie.de
London
SEl 9TG
England
www.tate.org.uk
Warhol Family Museum
of
Modern Art
www.slovakia.org/culture-warhol.htm
45
Inde X
Abstract Expressionism 13, 44
Andy
Andy
Warhol's Fifteen Minutes
38,43
Andy Warhol Museum
films 6, 18, 20, 26, 27, 32
Warhol's (see
Pollock, Jackson 13
listing
Pop
under Warhol)
Geldzahler,
Andy Warhols TV 38, 43

Annual Art Directors' Club
Award 10, 42
Henry
Glamour 10
Golden Shoes
44
POPism. The Warhol
22, 27
pop music
Green Coca-Cola
8,
Green Disaster #2 23
43,44
"The Big Apple" 10
Harper s Bazaar
Rauschenberg, Robert
Birmingham Race Riot 25
Hirst,
Sedgwick, Edie 27, 32
Damien 41
Hollywood
Self Portrait 38, 39, 43
Shadows
18,32
6,
BrilloPads6, 12
Britart 41,
44
Contemporary Art
installation art 28, 41,

Institute of
6, 12, 14, 16, 17,
(ICA) 12
Interview
Carnegie Institute of
Jackie series 30, 43
celebrities 6, 7, 18,22,
24,27,
44
movement
24,
44
Velvet Underground 20, 24, 32,
Leonard 13
King, Martin Luther 24, 30, 34,
Vogue
9,
28, 30, 36, 43
10
Last Supper 38
Lavender Marilyn
24,
Warhol,
Roy
12, 14, 15
Andy
6-44
assassination attempt 34
death 38, 43
series 22, 28,
42
Diamond Dust Shoes 37

Duchamp, Marcel 28
6, 7, 10, 12, 24, 30,
36,40
43
life 8,
Malanga, Gerard 24, 26, 40

Marilyn series 18, 20, 42
parents
Mikova
photography 22, 23, 30, 38, 40
40
Monroe, Marilyn
series 22, 32,
early
films 6, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 34,
35,40,41
7,
6, 18, 19,
42
Morrissey, Paul 27, 32, 33, 43
Elvis 21
7,
television shows 38,
Warhola, John
Julia 7, 8, 9, 10, 14
(Gold Boot)
Name,
New
Empire 35
Empire State Building 35
Billy 26, 32
York
8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 18,
22,26,27,28,29,31,34,35,
38, 42,
44
the Factory 24, 26, 27, 30, 32,

34, 36, 42,
42
Vietnam war
magazines
Elvis Presley
Superman 15
34
Death and Disaster
40
Jackie 30, 31
Lichtenstein,
7,
7,
Solanis, Valerie 34
42,43
40,44
Czechoslovakia
30,31
32
Soup Can
Kesseler,
Chair
Sleep
Kennedy, JFK 24, 30, 42
Coca-Cola 12, 13, 18

commercial art 10, 44
Communism 28, 34
consumer society 12, 13,
Electric
36, 43
42
8, 9, 13,
strips 12, 14, 15
civil rights
7,
Slovakia
Technology (CIT)
36, 40,
43
43
18, 19,20,21,22,23,25,28,
29,31,33,36,37,42,44
Sixteen Jackies
18,42
Car Crash 22
cartoon
series 36, 37,
silk-screen printing 6, 12, 16,
44
Campbell's soup
13, 15, 42,
43
10
9,
43
20
44
Bottles 18
Beuys, Joseph 36, 37, 38, 42,
7, 12,
'60s 38,
Presley, Elvis 6, 11, 20, 21
series 10, 11
Great Depression
Boxes 28, 29, 35, 42
16,26,
art 6, 12, 13, 14,
40, 42,
39, 41,
45
Brillo
Pearlstein, Philip 8, 9, 15
Oldenburg, Claes 12
Ondrej
7,
Paul
14
7,
Wesselmann, Tom 12
World War 1 7
World War II 8, 42
40
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
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.J35 1942 1949 1956 1963 1970 |S77 1111

Boston Public Library

Division of Sclnolastic Inc.

London EC2A 4XD

American edition published

2002 by Franklin Watts

Division of Scholastic Inc.

Art Director: Jonathan Hair

catalog record for this

available from the Library of Congress.

Hong Kong, China

2002 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, NY; 19

2002. Gourtesy of Gollection Stephanie

The Andy Warhol

for the Visual Arts,

for the Visual Arts,

The Brant Foundation, Greenwich, GT:

2002. Bridgeman /Private Gollection 13t

for the Visual Arts,

National Gallery, Budapest 21

General Motors Gorporation 2002: 24b used with permission of

Archives/Advertising Archives. Ronald Grant Archive: 27. Hulton/Archive: Gover bl

lOt; 12t; 13b; 22t; 24t; 28b;

Popperfoto: 30t. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: 38b

Stephen Shore: 16b; 26t

Whilst every attempt has been made to clear copyright

Death and Disaster

Warhol and Film

Pop Art, Performance Art

Who Was Andy Warhol?

Andy Warhol was one of the most influential

of the 20th century. His art

his lifestyle reflected the rapidly

culture of his time.

young boy Warhol was obsessed with fame

read fan magazines about

and collected autograph

and newspaper cuttings about them. He

his interest in the

o{ the rich and famous.

transformed this obsession into

for the prints

celebrities, including the

film star Marilyn

roll singer Elvis Presley.

products such as Campbell's soup and

of the popular culture of the time,

and the subject of what became

was probably the greatest

used produced very brightly colored

was a commercial process

copies of each artwork

were not mainstream films

ones at the local movie theater, with

Andy Warhol was known

photograph shows Andrew Warhola,

o{ characters and a storyline. His

might only feature a single person.

and produced a magazine called

magazine published interviews

with celebrities from the world of

By the mid- 1960s Warhol was