instala por pendrive http://www.pendrivelinux.

com/
http://www.linuxliveusb.com/
http://www.baixaki.com.br/download/universal-usb-installer.htm
unetbootin.sourceforge.net/
Live cd
por pxe rede dar boot https://wiki.debian.org/PXEBootInstall?action=show&redirec
t=DebianInstaller%2FNetbootPXE
http://www.vivaolinux.com.br/topico/Debian-para-iniciantes/Instalacao-do-Debianpor-REDE
http://www.hardware.com.br/livros/dominando-linux/como-instalar-via-rede-partir.
html
por disquete http://www.vivaolinux.com.br/dica/Criar-disquete-de-boot-de-instala
cao-do-Debian
http://www.chrysocome.net/rawwrite
linux feito pra disquete http://distro.ibiblio.org/baslinux/
explicar o q pae Physical Address Extension (PAE) e Non Physical Address Extensi
on (Non-PAE)
tipos de formatos disponiveis p download dc, dvd, bootonly e cooreo de dados md5.
ndice de /pub/linux/knoppix/
Nome
Tamanho Data da modificao
[diretrio pai]
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-DE.iso
7.7 MB 17/09/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-DE.iso.md5
83 B
17/09/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-DE.iso.md5.asc
328 B 17/09/13
00:00:00
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-DE.iso.sha1 91 B
17/09/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-DE.iso.sha1.asc
336 B 17/09/13
00:00:00
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-EN.iso
7.7 MB 17/09/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-EN.iso.md5
83 B
17/09/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-EN.iso.md5.asc
328 B 17/09/13
00:00:00
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-EN.iso.sha1 91 B
17/09/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-07-28-EN.iso.sha1.asc
336 B 17/09/13
00:00:00
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-DE.iso
701 MB 29/07/13 00:00:00
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-DE.iso.md5 78 B
22/08/13 00:00:00
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-DE.iso.md5.asc
323 B 22/08/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-DE.iso.sha1
86 B
22/08/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-DE.iso.sha1.asc
331 B 22/08/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-EN.iso
701 MB 29/07/13 00:00:00
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-EN.iso.md5 78 B
22/08/13 00:00:00
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-EN.iso.md5.asc
323 B 22/08/13 00:00:0
0

ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-EN.iso.sha1
86 B
22/08/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE-KNOPPIX_V7.2.0gCD-2013-07-28-EN.iso.sha1.asc
331 B 22/08/13 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso
697 MB 21/12/12 00:00:00
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso.md5 77 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso.md5.asc
322 B 22/12/12 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso.sha1 85 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso.sha1.asc
330 B 22/12/12 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso
697 MB 21/12/12 00:00:00
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso.md5 77 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso.md5.asc
322 B 22/12/12 00:00:0
0
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso.sha1 85 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
ADRIANE_KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso.sha1.asc
330 B 22/12/12 00:00:0
0
CHANGELOG-ADRIANE-KNOPPIX-7.2.0f.txt
1.1 kB 30/06/13 00:00:00
DVD
0 B
14/12/07 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso
697 MB 21/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso.md5 69 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso.md5.asc
314 B 22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso.sha1 77 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-DE.iso.sha1.asc
322 B 22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso
697 MB 21/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso.md5 69 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso.md5.asc
314 B 22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso.sha1 77 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5CD-2012-12-21-EN.iso.sha1.asc
322 B 22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-DE.iso
11.1 MB 21/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-DE.iso.md5
75 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-DE.iso.md5.asc
320 B 22/12/12 00:00:0
0
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-DE.iso.sha1 83 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-DE.iso.sha1.asc
328 B 22/12/12 00:00:0
0
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-EN.iso
11.1 MB 21/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-EN.iso.md5
75 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-EN.iso.md5.asc
320 B 22/12/12 00:00:0
0
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-EN.iso.sha1 83 B
22/12/12 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.0.5bootonly-2012-12-21-EN.iso.sha1.asc
328 B 22/12/12 00:00:0
0
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-DE.iso
701 MB 24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-DE.iso.md5 69 B
24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-DE.iso.md5.asc
314 B 24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-DE.iso.sha1 77 B
24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-DE.iso.sha1.asc
322 B 24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-EN.iso
701 MB 24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-EN.iso.md5 69 B
24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-EN.iso.md5.asc
314 B 24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-EN.iso.sha1 77 B
24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0CD-2013-06-16-EN.iso.sha1.asc
322 B 24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-DE.iso
12.4 MB 24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-DE.iso.md5
75 B
24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-DE.iso.md5.asc
320 B 24/06/13 00:00:0
0
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-DE.iso.sha1 83 B
24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-DE.iso.sha1.asc
328 B 24/06/13 00:00:0

0
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-EN.iso
12.4 MB 24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-EN.iso.md5
75 B
24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-EN.iso.md5.asc
320 B 24/06/13 00:00:0
0
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-EN.iso.sha1 83 B
24/06/13 00:00:00
KNOPPIX_V7.2.0bootonly-2013-06-16-EN.iso.sha1.asc
328 B 24/06/13 00:00:0
0
README 284 B 17/11/09 00:00:00
contrib/
30/04/05 00:00:00
docs/
08/06/06 00:00:00
dpkg-l-cd-704.txt
149 kB 22/08/12 00:00:00
dpkg-l-cd-705.txt
150 kB 22/12/12 00:00:00
dpkg-l-cd-720.txt
174 kB 26/06/13 00:00:00
knoppix-cheatcodes.txt 9.7 kB 26/06/13 00:00:00
knoppix-cover/
11/11/01 00:00:00
knoppix-customize/
28/04/03 00:00:00
knoppix-vortrag-als2000/
14/05/01 00:00:00
md5-old/
25/06/13 00:00:00
packages-cd.txt 0 B
26/06/13 00:00:00
qemu-0.8.1/
02/06/06 00:00:00
qemu-0.8.1-windows-README.txt 756 B 02/06/06 00:00:00

o que CD
Os seguintes links apontam para arquivos de imagem que tm at 650 MB de tamanho, to
rnando-os adequados para gravao em mdia CD-R(W) normal:
amd64armelarmhfi386ia64kfreebsd-i386kfreebsd-amd64mipsmipselpowerpcsparcs390s390
xsourcemulti-arch
DVD
Os seguintes links apontam para arquivos de imagem que tm at 4,4 GB de tamanho, to
rnando-os adequados para gravao em mdias DVD-R/DVD+R normais e similares:
amd64armelarmhfi386ia64kfreebsd-i386kfreebsd-amd64mipsmipselpowerpcsparcs390s390
xsourcemulti-arch
estavel numero par e instavel nmero impar
consertar problemas de configurao de perifericos sudo dpkg --reconfigure -a, sudo
dpkg --reconfigure locales, sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration, dpkg
--reconfigure tzdata, mouse -> #dpkg-reconfigure xorg e dpkg-reconfigure xserver
-xfree86
instalar Debian pelo Windows
Wubi (software)
http://goodbye-microsoft.com/
Debian-Installer loader
Topologilinux: uses coLinux to run on Windows.
Instlux, included on openSUSE since the 10.3 release.[1]
Wubi.
UNetbootin.
ver pastas Aprenda a usar o PlayOnLinux e o Wine para rodar jogos
http://www.tecmundo.com.br/tutorial/23890-como-acessar-particoes-do-linux-no-win
dows.htm
Acessando a partio do Windows apartir do Linux
http://sejalivre.org/como-reconhecer-suas-particoes-do-linux-no-windows/
existem 3 formas
http://www.vivaolinux.com.br/dica/Acessando-arquivos-do-Windows-no-Linux
usando o samba.
http://www.hardware.com.br/dicas/windows-old.html

http://www.vivaolinux.com.br/dica/Criar-disquete-de-boot-de-instalacao-do-Debian
alias
apropos
apt-get
aptitude
aspell
awk

Create an alias
Search Help manual pages (man -k)
Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
Spell Checker
Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index

basename
bash
bc
bg
break
builtin
bzip2

Strip directory and suffix from filenames

GNU Bourne-Again SHell
Arbitrary precision calculator language
Send to background
Exit from a loop
Run a shell builtin
Compress or decompress named file(s)

c
cal
Display a calendar
case
Conditionally perform a command
cat
Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
cd
Change Directory
cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp
Change group ownership
chmod
Change access permissions
chown
Change file owner and group
chroot Run a command with a different root directory
chkconfig System services (runlevel)
cksum
Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear
Clear terminal screen
cmp
Compare two files
comm
Compare two sorted files line by line
command Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp
Copy one or more files to another location
cron
Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut
Divide a file into several parts
d
date
Display or change the date & time
dc
Desk Calculator
dd
Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue Data recovery tool
declare Declare variables and give them attributes
df
Display free disk space
diff
Display the differences between two files
diff3
Show differences among three files
dig
DNS lookup
dir
Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs
Display list of remembered directories
dmesg
Print kernel & driver messages
du
Estimate file space usage
e
echo
egrep
eject
enable
env

Display message on screen

Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
Eject removable media
Enable and disable builtin shell commands
Environment variables

ethtool
eval
exec
exit
expect
expand
export
expr

Ethernet card settings

Evaluate several commands/arguments
Execute a command
Exit the shell
Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
Convert tabs to spaces
Set an environment variable
Evaluate expressions

false
fdformat
fdisk
fg
fgrep
file
find
fmt
fold
for
format
free
fsck
ftp
function
fuser

Do nothing, unsuccessfully
Low-level format a floppy disk
Partition table manipulator for Linux
Send job to foreground
Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
Determine file type
Search for files that meet a desired criteria
Reformat paragraph text
Wrap text to fit a specified width.
Expand words, and execute commands
Format disks or tapes
Display memory usage
File system consistency check and repair
File Transfer Protocol
Define Function Macros
Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file

gawk
getopts
grep
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
groups
gzip

Find and Replace text within file(s)

Parse positional parameters
Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
Add a user security group
Delete a group
Modify a group
Print group names a user is in
Compress or decompress named file(s)

hash
head
help
history
hostname

Remember the full pathname of a name argument

Output the first part of file(s)
Display help for a built-in command
Command History
Print or set system name

iconv
id
if
ifconfig
ifdown
ifup
import
install

Convert the character set of a file

Print user and group id's
Conditionally perform a command
Configure a network interface
Stop a network interface
Start a network interface up
Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
Copy files and set attributes

jobs
join

List active jobs

Join lines on a common field

j
k
kill
Stop a process from running
killall Kill processes by name
l
less
let
link
ln

Display output one screen at a time

Perform arithmetic on shell variables
Create a link to a file
Create a symbolic link to a file

local
locate
logname
logout
look
lpc
lpr
lprint
lprintd
lprintq
lprm
ls
lsof

Create variables
Find files
Print current login name
Exit a login shell
Display lines beginning with a given string
Line printer control program
Off line print
Print a file
Abort a print job
List the print queue
Remove jobs from the print queue
List information about file(s)
List open files

make
man
mkdir
mkfifo
mkisofs
mknod
more
most
mount
mtools
mtr
mv
mmv

Recompile a group of programs

Help manual
Create new folder(s)
Make FIFOs (named pipes)
Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
Make block or character special files
Display output one screen at a time
Browse or page through a text file
Mount a file system
Manipulate MS-DOS files
Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
Move or rename files or directories
Mass Move and rename (files)

n
netstat Networking information
nice
Set the priority of a command or job
nl
Number lines and write files
nohup
Run a command immune to hangups
notify-send Send desktop notifications
nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
o
open
op

Open a file in its default application

Operator access

passwd
paste
pathchk
ping
pkill
popd
pr
printcap
printenv
printf
ps
pushd
pv
pwd

Modify a user password

Merge lines of files
Check file name portability
Test a network connection
Stop processes from running
Restore the previous value of the current directory
Prepare files for printing
Printer capability database
Print environment variables
Format and print data
Process status
Save and then change the current directory
Monitor the progress of data through a pipe
Print Working Directory

q
quota
Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas
r
ram
rar
rcp

ram disk device

Archive files with compression
Copy files between two machines

read
Read a line from standard input
readarray Read from stdin into an array variable
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
reboot Reboot the system
rename Rename files
renice Alter priority of running processes
remsync Synchronize remote files via email
return Exit a shell function
rev
Reverse lines of a file
rm
Remove files
rmdir
Remove folder(s)
rsync
Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
s
screen
scp
sdiff
sed
select
seq
set
sftp
shift
shopt
shutdown
sleep
slocate
sort
source
split
ssh
stat
strace
su
sudo
sum
suspend
sync

Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh

Secure copy (remote file copy)
Merge two files interactively
Stream Editor
Accept keyboard input
Print numeric sequences
Manipulate shell variables and functions
Secure File Transfer Program
Shift positional parameters
Shell Options
Shutdown or restart linux
Delay for a specified time
Find files
Sort text files
Run commands from a file '.'
Split a file into fixed-size pieces
Secure Shell client (remote login program)
Display file or file system status
Trace system calls and signals
Substitute user identity
Execute a command as another user
Print a checksum for a file
Suspend execution of this shell
Synchronize data on disk with memory

t
tail
Output the last part of file
tar
Store, list or extract files in an archive
tee
Redirect output to multiple files
test
Evaluate a conditional expression
time
Measure Program running time
timeout Run a command with a time limit
times
User and system times
touch
Change file timestamps
top
List processes running on the system
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap
Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr
Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true
Do nothing, successfully
tsort
Topological sort
tty
Print filename of terminal on stdin
type
Describe a command
u
ulimit
umask
umount
unalias
uname

Limit user resources

Users file creation mask
Unmount a device
Remove an alias
Print system information

unexpand
uniq
units
unrar
unset
unshar
until
uptime
useradd
userdel
usermod
users
uuencode
uudecode

Convert spaces to tabs

Uniquify files
Convert units from one scale to another
Extract files from a rar archive
Remove variable or function names
Unpack shell archive scripts
Execute commands (until error)
Show uptime
Create new user account
Delete a user account
Modify user account
List users currently logged in
Encode a binary file
Decode a file created by uuencode

v
vdir
vi
vmstat

Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')

Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
Text Editor
Report virtual memory statistics

wait
watch
wc
whereis
which
while
who
whoami
wget
write

Wait for a process to complete

Execute/display a program periodically
Print byte, word, and line counts
Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program
Search the user's $path for a program file
Execute commands
Print all usernames currently logged in
Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
Send a message to another user

xargs
xdg-open
yes
zip
.
!!
###

Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)

Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application.
Print a string until interrupted
Package and compress (archive) files.
Run a command script in the current shell
Run the last command again
Comment / Remark

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[a] [b] [c] [d] [e] [f] [g] [h] [i] [j] [k] [l] [m]
[n] [o] [p] [q] [r] [s] [t] [u] [v] [w] [x] [y] [z]
a
accept
access
aclocal
aconnect
acpi
acpi_available
acpid
addr2line
addresses
agetty
alsactl
amidi
amixer

anacron
aplay
aplaymidi
apm
apmd
apropos
apt
ar
arch
arecord
arecordmidi
arp
as
at
atd
atq
atrm
audiosend
aumix
autoconf
autoheader
automake
autoreconf
autoscan
autoupdate
b
badblocks
banner
basename
bash
batch
bc
biff
bison
bzcmp
bzdiff
bzgrep
bzip2
bzless
bzmore
c
c++
c++filt
cal
cardctl
cardmgr
cat
cc
cdda2wav
cdparanoia
cdrdao
cdrecord
cfdisk
chage
chattr
chfn
chgrp
chkconfig

chmod
chown
chpasswd
chroot
chrt
chsh
chvt
cksum
clear
cmp
col
colcrt
colrm
column
comm
compress
cp
cpio
cpp
crond
crontab
csplit
ctags
cupsd
cut
cvs
d
date
dd
deallocvt
debugfs
depmod
devdump
df
diff
diff3
dig
dir
dircolors
dirname
disable
dlpsh
dmesg
dnsdomainname
dnssec-keygen
dnssec-makekeyset
dnssec-signkey
dnssec-signzone
doexec
domainname
dosfsck
du
dump
dumpe2fs
dumpkeys
e

e2fsck
e2image
e2label
echo
edquota
egrep
eject
elvtune
emacs
enable
env
envsubst
esd
esd-config
esdcat
esdctl
esddsp
esdmon
esdplay
esdrec
esdsample
etags
ex
expand
expr
f
factor
false
fc-cache
fc-list
fdformat
fdisk
fetchmail
fgconsole
fgrep
file
find
finger
fingerd
flex
fmt
fold
formail
free
fsck
ftp
ftpd
fuser
g
g++
gawk
gcc
gdb
getent
getkeycodes
gpasswd
gpg
gpgsplit

gpgv
gpm
gprof
grep
groff
groffer
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
groups
grpck
grpconv
gs
gunzip
gzexe
gzip
h
halt
hdparm
head
hexdump
host
hostid
hostname
htdigest
hwclock
i
iconv
id
ifconfig
imapd
inetd
info
init
insmod
install
ipcrm
ipcs
iptables
iptables-restore
iptables-save
isodump
isoinfo
isosize
isovfy
ispell
j
join
k
kbd_mode
kbdrate
kernelversion
kill
killall
killall5
klogd

kudzu
l
last
lastb
lastlog
ld
ldconfig
ldd
less
lesskey
lftp
lftpget
link
ln
loadkeys
locale
locate
lockfile
logger
login
logname
logrotate
look
losetup
lpadmin
lpinfo
lpmove
lpq
lpr
lprm
lpstat
ls
lsattr
lspci
lsmod
lsusb
m
m4
mail
mailq
mailstats
mailto
make
makedbm
makemap
man
manpath
mattrib
mbadblocks
mcat
mcd
mcopy
md5sum
mdel, mdeltree
mdir
mdu
merge
mesg

metamail
metasend
mformat
mimencode
minfo
mkdir
mkdosfs
mke2fs
mkfifo
mkfs
mkfs.ext3
mkisofs
mklost+found
mkmanifest
mknod
mkraid
mkswap
mktemp
mlabel
mmd
mmount
mmove
modinfo
modprobe
more
mount
mountd
mpartition
mpg123
mpg321
mrd
mren
mshowfat
mt
mtools
mtoolstest
mtype
mv
mzip
n
named
namei
nameif
netstat
newaliases
newgrp
newusers
nfsd
nfsstat
nice
nm
nohup
nslookup
nsupdate
o
objcopy
objdump
od

openvt
p
passwd
paste
patch
pathchk
perl
pidof
ping
pinky
pmap
portmap
poweroff
pppd
pr
praliases
printenv
printf
ps
ptx
pwck
pwconv
pwd
python
q
quota
quotacheck
quotaon
quotaoff
quotastats
r
raidstart
ramsize
ranlib
rarpd
rcp
rdate
rdev
rdist
rdistd
readcd
readelf
readlink
reboot
reject
rename
renice
repquota
reset
resize2fs
restore
rev
rexec
rexecd
richtext
rlogin
rlogind

rm
rmail
rmdir
rmmod
rndc
rootflags
route
routed
rpcgen
rpcinfo
rpm
rsh
rshd
rsync
runlevel
rup
ruptime
rusers
rusersd
rwall
rwho
rwhod
s
sane-find-scanner
scanadf
scanimage
scp
screen
script
sdiff
sed
sendmail
sensors
seq
setfdprm
setkeycodes
setleds
setmetamode
setquota
setsid
setterm
sftp
sh
sha1sum
showkey
showmount
shred
shutdown
size
skill
slabtop
slattach
sleep
slocate
snice
sort
split
ssh
ssh-add

ssh-agent
ssh-keygen
ssh-keyscan
sshd
stat
statd
strace
strfile
strings
strip
stty
su
sudo
sum
swapoff
swapon
sync
sysctl
sysklogd
syslogd
t
tac
tail
tailf
talk
talkd
tar
taskset
tcpd
tcpdump
tcpslice
tee
telinit
telnet
telnetd
test
tftp
tftpd
time
tload
tmpwatch
top
touch
tr
tracepath
traceroute
troff
true
tset
tsort
tty
tune2fs
tunelp
u
ul
umount

uname
uncompress
unexpand
unicode_start
unicode_stop
uniq
uptime
useradd
userdel
usermod
users
usleep
uudecode
uuencode
uuidgen
v
vdir
vi
vidmode
vim
vmstat
volname
w
w
wall
warnquota
watch
wc
wget
whatis
whereis
which
who
whoami
whois
write
x
xargs
xinetd
y
yacc
yes
ypbind
ypcat
ypinit
ypmatch
yppasswd
yppasswdd
yppoll
yppush
ypserv
ypset
yptest
ypwhich
ypxfr
z

zcat
zcmp
zdiff
zdump
zforce
zgrep
zic
zless
zmore
znew
---------------------------------[a] [b] [c] [d] [e] [f] [g] [h] [i] [j] [k] [l] [m]
[n] [o] [p] [q] [r] [s] [t] [u] [v] [w] [x] [y] [z]
a
accept
access
aclocal
aconnect
acpi
acpi_available
acpid
addr2line
addresses
agetty
alsactl
amidi
amixer
anacron
aplay
aplaymidi
apm
apmd
apropos
apt
ar
arch
arecord
arecordmidi
arp
as
at
atd
atq
atrm
audiosend
aumix
autoconf
autoheader
automake
autoreconf
autoscan
autoupdate
b
badblocks
banner

basename
bash
batch
bc
biff
bison
bzcmp
bzdiff
bzgrep
bzip2
bzless
bzmore
c
c++
c++filt
cal
cardctl
cardmgr
cat
cc
cdda2wav
cdparanoia
cdrdao
cdrecord
cfdisk
chage
chattr
chfn
chgrp
chkconfig
chmod
chown
chpasswd
chroot
chrt
chsh
chvt
cksum
clear
cmp
col
colcrt
colrm
column
comm
compress
cp
cpio
cpp
crond
crontab
csplit
ctags
cupsd
cut
cvs
d
date

dd
deallocvt
debugfs
depmod
devdump
df
diff
diff3
dig
dir
dircolors
dirname
disable
dlpsh
dmesg
dnsdomainname
dnssec-keygen
dnssec-makekeyset
dnssec-signkey
dnssec-signzone
doexec
domainname
dosfsck
du
dump
dumpe2fs
dumpkeys
e
e2fsck
e2image
e2label
echo
edquota
egrep
eject
elvtune
emacs
enable
env
envsubst
esd
esd-config
esdcat
esdctl
esddsp
esdmon
esdplay
esdrec
esdsample
etags
ex
expand
expr
f
factor
false

fc-cache
fc-list
fdformat
fdisk
fetchmail
fgconsole
fgrep
file
find
finger
fingerd
flex
fmt
fold
formail
free
fsck
ftp
ftpd
fuser
g
g++
gawk
gcc
gdb
getent
getkeycodes
gpasswd
gpg
gpgsplit
gpgv
gpm
gprof
grep
groff
groffer
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
groups
grpck
grpconv
gs
gunzip
gzexe
gzip
h
halt
hdparm
head
hexdump
host
hostid
hostname
htdigest
hwclock
i

iconv
id
ifconfig
imapd
inetd
info
init
insmod
install
ipcrm
ipcs
iptables
iptables-restore
iptables-save
isodump
isoinfo
isosize
isovfy
ispell
j
join
k
kbd_mode
kbdrate
kernelversion
kill
killall
killall5
klogd
kudzu
l
last
lastb
lastlog
ld
ldconfig
ldd
less
lesskey
lftp
lftpget
link
ln
loadkeys
locale
locate
lockfile
logger
login
logname
logrotate
look
losetup
lpadmin
lpinfo
lpmove
lpq

lpr
lprm
lpstat
ls
lsattr
lspci
lsmod
lsusb
m
m4
mail
mailq
mailstats
mailto
make
makedbm
makemap
man
manpath
mattrib
mbadblocks
mcat
mcd
mcopy
md5sum
mdel, mdeltree
mdir
mdu
merge
mesg
metamail
metasend
mformat
mimencode
minfo
mkdir
mkdosfs
mke2fs
mkfifo
mkfs
mkfs.ext3
mkisofs
mklost+found
mkmanifest
mknod
mkraid
mkswap
mktemp
mlabel
mmd
mmount
mmove
modinfo
modprobe
more
mount
mountd
mpartition
mpg123

mpg321
mrd
mren
mshowfat
mt
mtools
mtoolstest
mtype
mv
mzip
n
named
namei
nameif
netstat
newaliases
newgrp
newusers
nfsd
nfsstat
nice
nm
nohup
nslookup
nsupdate
o
objcopy
objdump
od
openvt
p
passwd
paste
patch
pathchk
perl
pidof
ping
pinky
pmap
portmap
poweroff
pppd
pr
praliases
printenv
printf
ps
ptx
pwck
pwconv
pwd
python
q
quota
quotacheck

quotaon
quotaoff
quotastats
r
raidstart
ramsize
ranlib
rarpd
rcp
rdate
rdev
rdist
rdistd
readcd
readelf
readlink
reboot
reject
rename
renice
repquota
reset
resize2fs
restore
rev
rexec
rexecd
richtext
rlogin
rlogind
rm
rmail
rmdir
rmmod
rndc
rootflags
route
routed
rpcgen
rpcinfo
rpm
rsh
rshd
rsync
runlevel
rup
ruptime
rusers
rusersd
rwall
rwho
rwhod
s
sane-find-scanner
scanadf
scanimage
scp
screen

script
sdiff
sed
sendmail
sensors
seq
setfdprm
setkeycodes
setleds
setmetamode
setquota
setsid
setterm
sftp
sh
sha1sum
showkey
showmount
shred
shutdown
size
skill
slabtop
slattach
sleep
slocate
snice
sort
split
ssh
ssh-add
ssh-agent
ssh-keygen
ssh-keyscan
sshd
stat
statd
strace
strfile
strings
strip
stty
su
sudo
sum
swapoff
swapon
sync
sysctl
sysklogd
syslogd
t
tac
tail
tailf
talk
talkd

tar
taskset
tcpd
tcpdump
tcpslice
tee
telinit
telnet
telnetd
test
tftp
tftpd
time
tload
tmpwatch
top
touch
tr
tracepath
traceroute
troff
true
tset
tsort
tty
tune2fs
tunelp
u
ul
umount
uname
uncompress
unexpand
unicode_start
unicode_stop
uniq
uptime
useradd
userdel
usermod
users
usleep
uudecode
uuencode
uuidgen
v
vdir
vi
vidmode
vim
vmstat
volname
w
w
wall
warnquota
watch

wc
wget
whatis
whereis
which
who
whoami
whois
write
x
xargs
xinetd
y
yacc
yes
ypbind
ypcat
ypinit
ypmatch
yppasswd
yppasswdd
yppoll
yppush
ypserv
ypset
yptest
ypwhich
ypxfr
z
zcat
zcmp
zdiff
zdump
zforce
zgrep
zic
zless
zmore
znew
---------------------------informar o que sao dependencias que sem elas no h como instalar ou deixar habilita
do um software no linux.
somente se acessa linux com senha e login
interfaces
kde cinamon gnome
os carregadores bootloader: LILO e Grub
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_boot_loaders

Name of Desktop Environment / Window ManagerIn Parenthesis: Operating System Us

ed for Testing RAM used
% of CPU (2.6 GHz total) used Type
GNOME 3.x shell (Fedora 17)
248 MB 1-2 % desktop shell (GNOME 3.x-based)
Unity (Ubuntu 12.04 LTS)
218 MB 1-4 % desktop shell (GNOME 3.x-based)
MATE (Linux Mint 13)
205 MB 9-10 % desktop environment
GNOME 2.x shell (Lubuntu 11.04)
191 MB 1 %
desktop shell (GNOME 2.

x-based)
Cinnamon (Linux Mint 13)
175 MB 11-12 %
desktop shell (GNOME 3.
x-based)
GNOME 3.x Classic (Fallback Mode) (Lubuntu 12.04)
141 MB 1-2 % desktop
shell (GNOME 3.x-based)
KDE 4.8.2 (Lubuntu 12.04)
131 MB 1-3 % desktop environment
Razor-qt (Lubuntu 12.04)
117 MB 1-2 % desktop environment
Xfce 4.8 (Lubuntu 12.04)
106 MB 1-2 % desktop environment
LXDE (Lubuntu 12.04)
82 MB 1-2 % desktop environment
OpenBox (Lubuntu 12.04)
76 MB 1-2 % window manager
Enlightenment (E17 Standard) (Lubuntu 12.04)
72 MB 1-14 % desktop environ
ment
JWM (Lubuntu 11.04)
58 MB 1 %
window manager
Fluxbox (Lubuntu 12.04)
55 MB 1-3 % window manager
IceWM (Lubuntu 12.04) 53 MB 3 %
window manager
Because the GNOME desktop environment has become splintered into a variety of
http://www.saibanaweb.com/2014/03/linuxbasico1.html
x-window criado por um brasileiro
NTRODUO

Muito se fala sobre as diferenas entre Windows e Linux. O que mais se ouve dos qu
e nunca pilotaram um Linux so frases do tipo: Ah, isso to fcil no Windows, No Linux
no tenho um programa to bom quanto esse que tenho no Windows. Existe uma mstica de
que o Linux um sistema operacional muito complexo, que dificilmente tomar o luga
r do Windows. O que muita gente ainda no sabe que o Linux j dispe de uma quantidade
de ferramentas muito mais abrangente que a quantidade de ferramentas para Windo
ws.
O programa responsvel pela parte grfica do Linux o XFree, que um servidor de janel
as. O XFree contm as especificaes sobre como criar e manipular janelas, oferecendo
ferramentas para que gerenciadores de janelas possam implementar uma interface g
rfica.
Gerenciadores de janelas so programas que controlam como as janelas devem ser apr
esentadas, a forma como os botes se posicionam, quais so suas funes, o que pode acon
tecer dentro de uma janela e coisas do gnero.
Quando solicitamos um programa a um gerenciador de janelas no Linux, o mesmo abr
e uma janela e coloca o programa dentro dela. J que no precisamos nos preocupar co
m especificaes de janelas, visto que o XFree o responsvel por essa tarefa, no precis
amos ser grandes programadores para desenvolver uma prpria interface grfica para L
inux. Essa simplicidade oferecida pelo sistema de cdigo-fonte aberto do XFree foi
responsvel pelo surgimento de vrias interfaces grficas para o sistema.
Ao contrrio do Windows, no Linux podemos escolher a interface grfica que mais nos
agrada em termos de beleza e facilidade de uso. J existem cerca de 20 gerenciador
es de janelas para o Linux. Dentre os mais populares podemos citar: Kde, Gnome,
AfterStep, Enlightnment, WindowMaker, IceW, BlackBox, Fvwm90.
O Kde o gerenciador de janelas que mais me agrada. Possui uma interface bem amigv
el e tem opes de visual muito bem trabalhadas. Outro gerenciador de janelas muito
amigvel, leve e estvel o WindowMaker. Este gerenciador desenvolvido nos EUA por um
a equipe liderada por um brasileiro. O Gnome tambm outra interface grfica que no fi
ca nem um pouco atrs do Kde ou WindowMaker quando o assunto qualidade. Alm de ter
uma interface muito bem desenhada, o Gnome o gerenciador de janelas que mais se
aproxima do Windows em visual.

Depois de tanto bl-bl-bl, o leitor que nunca foi apresentado ao Linux pode estar cu
rioso para ver a cara das interfaces grficas do mesmo. Acesse minha home page pes
soal http://www.netflash.com.br/pessoais/fberbert/. Entrando na pgina,clique no l
ink para a seo Screenshots para visualizar as telas capturadas dos diferentes gere
nciadores de janelas de meu Linux. Para quem no est acostumado com nomenclaturas d
e informtica, Screenshot significa imagem capturada, ou seja,a imagem de um progr
ama qualquer que serve como exemplo para o usurio ver como o programa antes de in
stal-lo.
Sites que valem pena perder tempo em suas respectivas sees de Screenshots so:O Linu
x (http://www.olinux.com) e LinuxAll.org
http://www.vivaolinux.com.br/artigo/WebCDWrite-O-incrivel-servico-de-gravacao-de
-CDR-sob-demanda-via-HTTP
WebCDWrite: O incrvel servio de gravao de CD-R sob demanda via HTTP
sistemas de arquivos
Ext3
journaling e vantagens
Ext4
HFS
JFS
JFFS
JFFS2
LogFS
NTFS
Reiser4
Resultados da pesquisa
arquivos fragmentados
BleachBit: Clean Your System and Free Disk Space
bleachbit.sourceforge.net/
ReiserFS
XFS
HFS+, Ext3, Ext4, JFS, JFFS, JFFS2, LogFS, NTFS, Reiser4, ReiserFS e XFS.