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Name: Gr 4 - 4B2 Ex 2 Act 1

Exercise 2: Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Activity 1: The Muscle Twitch and the Latent Period Lab Report
Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 80% by answering 4 out of 5 questions correctly.
1. Skeletal muscles are connected to bones by
You correctly answered: b. tendons.
2. Skeletal muscles are composed of hundreds to thousands of individual cells called
Your answer : b. myofibrils.
Correct answer: c. fibers.
3. The term motor unit refers to
You correctly answered: c. one motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates.
4. The motor neuron and muscle fiber intersect at what is called
You correctly answered: d. the neuromuscular junction.
5. A twitch is
You correctly answered: a. one contractile response to a single action potential.

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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: Will changes to the stimulus voltage alter the duration of the latent period?
Your answer : a. Yes, changing the stimulus voltage will change the latent period duration proportionately.
Stop & Think Questions:
What is the period of time that elapses between the generation of an action potential and the start of muscle tension
development in a muscle fiber?
You did not answer this question.
Correct answer: c. the latent period
What occurs during the latent period of these isometric contractions?
You correctly answered: b. All the steps of excitation-contraction coupling occur.
Experiment Data:
Voltage
0.0
3.0
4.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0

Length
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

Active Force
0.0
1.04
1.32
0.66
1.04
1.32
1.51
1.65
1.74
1.81
1.82
1.82

Passive Force
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

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Total Force
0.0
1.04
1.32
0.66
1.04
1.32
1.51
1.65
1.74
1.81
1.82
1.82

Latent Period
------3.20
3.20
3.20
3.20
3.20
3.20
3.20
3.20
3.20
3.20

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Post-lab Quiz Results


You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly.
1. An action potential in a motor neuron triggers the release of which neurotransmitter?
You correctly answered: b. acetylcholine
2. The term skeletal muscle fiber refers to
You correctly answered: a. an individual skeletal muscle cell.
3. The graded depolarization in the skeletal muscle fiber that is elicited in response to one action potential from the motor
neuron is called
You correctly answered: c. an EPP (end-plate potential).
4. Which of the following is not a phase of a skeletal muscle twitch?
You correctly answered: b. hyperpolarization phase
5. A skeletal muscle twitch is
You correctly answered: a. one contractile response to a single action potential.
6. Which of the following correctly matches the twitch phase with its definition?
You correctly answered: d. the contraction phase: the time between the end of the latent period and peak muscle tension

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Review Sheet Results


1. Define the terms skeletal muscle fiber, motor unit, skeletal muscle twitch, electrical stimulus, and latent period.
Your answer:
1. Skeletal muscle fibers
- usually attached to the skeleton which makes voluntary actions possible (i.e. walking, talking, standing up)
2. Motor unit
- consists of a motor neuron and all of the muscle fiber it innervates
3. Skeletal muscle twitch
- mechanical response to a single action potential
- three phases: latent, contraction and, relaxation
4. Electrical stimulus
- control muscles contractions
5. Latent period
- period of time that elapses between the generation of an action potential in a muscle cell and the start of muscle
contraction
2. What is the role of acetylcholine in a skeletal muscle contraction?
Your answer:
It diffuses onto the muscle fiber's plasma membrane and binds to receptors in the motor end plate initiating a change in ion
permeability that results in a graded depolarization of the muscle plasma membrane.
3. Describe the process of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibers.
Your answer:
The excitation-contraction coupling starts at the events that occur at the neuromuscular junction which leads to the end plate
potential that triggers a series of events resulting in the contraction of a muscle cell.
4. Describe the three phases of a skeletal muscle twitch.
Your answer:
Three phases of a skeletal muscle twitch:
1. Latent
- period of time that elapses between the generation of an action potential in a muscle cell and the start of muscle
contraction
2. Contraction
- starts at the end of the latent period and ends when the muscle tension peaks
3. Relaxation
- the period from peak tension until the end of the muscle contraction
5. Does the duration of the latent period change with different stimulus voltages? How well did the results compare with
your prediction?
Your answer:
In the experiment conducted, he latent period remained the same in all of the tests proving that the group predicted
incorrectly.
6. At the threshold stimulus, do sodium ions start to move into or out of the cell to bring about the membrane
depolarization?
Your answer:
The sodium ions move into the cell during the threshold stimulus bringing about the membrane depolarization.

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