Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
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ii.
Physics -
iii.
Chemistry -
iv.
Astronomy -
v.
Geology -
vi.
vii.
Meteorology Biochemistry -
SCIENCE LABORATORY
1.. Listed below are some rules and safety precautions in the laboratory.
i. never enter the laboratory unless a teacher is present.
ii. do not eat, drink or taste any chemicals.
iii. always follow the teacher's instructions.
iv. and etc (notes has been given)
draw figure laboratory apparatus page PMR 201 0
3. Bunsen burner are used on the containers of hazardous chemical
substances to show their characteristics. PMR 03
STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
1. A scientific investigation is a series of steps done systematically to
study a problem or an event.
2. Each step involves the use of one or more science process skills. PMR
03
3. The following shows the sequence of steps involved in a scientific
investigation.
4. Figure below shows some common laboratory apparatus and their
uses.
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Danger of substances
Examples
Explosive
* sodium, potassium
handling techniques
* keep in paraffin
*
easily
explodes
when
mixed
with
other
substances.
concentrated
acids
alkalis
toxic/poisonous
* mercury
Corrosive
* cause damage to the skin or eyes upon contact.
concentrated
acids
alkalis
and *
washed
away
quickly
under
running water.
irritant/harmful
* ammonia solution,
Radioactive
* causes cance o destoy bodily tissues.
* uanium,
plutonium,
radium.
6. The following
scientific
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1. identifying the
problem
first, we
determine what we want to find out.
To do so, we need to observe things or happenings carefully to
obtain information. Based on our observation, we then ask
questions about the things or happening.__________________________
2. forming a hypothesis
To make a smart guess to explain the problem.
The hypothesis needs to be tested based on the evidence
collected.
3. planning an experiment
this section involves:
identifying the variables involved. A variable is conditioning that
influences the results of the experiment.
Determining the materials and apparatus required.
Determining the procedure to carry out the experiment,
_______method of collecting and analysing data.__________________________
j analy
out th
4. carrying out the experiment
this section involves:
controlling the variables as planned so that the experiment is a
fair test.
Collecting data through observations and measurements. All these
must be done systematically, accurately, objectively and
_______honestly.
__________________________________
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6. making a conclusion
state whether the hypothesis is true.
A conclusion should be made based on the data and not
influenced by any unfair opinion.
SI unit
Metre
kilogram
Second
Kelvin
Ampere
Symbol
m
kg
s
K
A
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v.
vi.
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= 1.5 x 1011 m
0.000000000000000000000001 67 g= 1.67 x 1 0
-24
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prefix
symbol
tera
T
giga
G
mega
M
kilo
k
hector
h
deca
da
deci
d
centi
c
milli
m
micro
M
nano
n
pico
p
femto
f
5. we can also change
numerical value
1 000 000 000 000
1 000 000 000
1 000 000
1 000
100
10
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.000 001
0.000 000 001
0.000 000 000 001
0.000 000 000 000 001
45 000g into the kilo prefix.
= 45 kg
1000
value
x 012
x 09
x 06
x 03
x 02
x 01
x 0-1
x 0-2
x 0-3
x 0-6
x 0-9
x 0-12
x 0-15