JavaScript Supports Three Important Types of Dialog

JavaScript supports three important types of dialog boxes.
These dialog boxes can be used to raise

and alert, or to get confirmation on any input or to have a kind of input from the users.
Here we will see each dialog box one by one:
Alert Dialog Box:

An alert dialog box is mostly used to give a warning message to the users. Like if one input field
requires to enter some text but user does not enter that field then as a part of validation you can
use alert box to give warning message as follows:
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">

</script>
</head>
Nonetheless, an alert box can still be used for friendlier messages. Alert box gives only one button
"OK" to select and proceed.
To understand it in better way you can Try it yourself.
Confirmation Dialog Box:

A confirmation dialog box is mostly used to take user's consent on any option. It displays a dialog
box with two buttons: OK and Cancel.
If the user clicks on OK button the window method confirm() will return true. If the user clicks on
the Cancel button confirm() returns false. You can use confirmation dialog box as follows:
<head>

</script>
</head>
Prompt Dialog Box:

The prompt dialog box is very useful when you want to pop-up a text box to get user input. Thus it
enable you to interact with the user. The user needs to fill in the field and then click OK.
This dialog box is displayed using a method called prompt() which takes two parameters (i) A label
which you want to display in the text box (ii) A default string to display in the text box.
This dialog box with two buttons: OK and Cancel. If the user clicks on OK button the window
method prompt() will return entered value from the text box. If the user clicks on the Cancel button
the window method prompt() returns null.
You can use prompt dialog box as follows:
<head>

</script>
</head
The Array object let's you store multiple values in a single variable.
Syntax:
Creating a Array object:
var fruits = new Array( "apple", "orange", "mango" );
The Array parameter is a list of strings or integers. When you specify a single numeric parameter
with the Array constructor, you specify the initial length of the array. The maximum length allowed
for an array is 4,294,967,295.
You can create array by simply assigning values as follows:
var fruits = [ "apple", "orange", "mango" ];
You will use ordinal numbers to access and to set values inside an array as follows:
• fruits[0] is the first element

• fruits[1] is the second element
• fruits[2] is the third element
Array Properties:
Here is a list of each property and their description.
Property Description
constructor Returns a reference to the array function that created the object.
index The property represents the zero-based index of the match in the string
input This property is only present in arrays created by regular expression matches.
length Reflects the number of elements in an array.
prototype The prototype property allows you to add properties and methods to an object.
Array Methods
Here is a list of each method and its description.
Method Description
Returns a new array comprised of this array joined with other array(s) and/or
concat()
value(s).
Returns true if every element in this array satisfies the provided testing
every()
function.
Creates a new array with all of the elements of this array for which the provided
filter()
filtering function returns true.
forEach() Calls a function for each element in the array.
Returns the first (least) index of an element within the array equal to the
indexOf()
specified value, or -1 if none is found.
join() Joins all elements of an array into a string.
Returns the last (greatest) index of an element within the array equal to the
lastIndexOf()
Creates a new array with the results of calling a provided function on every
map()
element in this array.
pop() Removes the last element from an array and returns that element.
Adds one or more elements to the end of an array and returns the new length of
push()
the array.
Apply a function simultaneously against two values of the array (from left-to-
reduce()
right) as to reduce it to a single value.
Apply a function simultaneously against two values of the array (from right-to-
reduceRight()
left) as to reduce it to a single value.
Reverses the order of the elements of an array -- the first becomes the last, and
reverse()
the last becomes the first.
shift() Removes the first element from an array and returns that element.
slice() Extracts a section of an array and returns a new array.
some() Returns true if at least one element in this array satisfies the provided testing
function.
toSource() Represents the source code of an object
sort() Sorts the elements of an array.
splice() Adds and/or removes elements from an array.
toString() Returns a string representing the array and its elements.
Adds one or more elements to the front of an array and returns the new length
unshift()
of the array.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A function is a group of reusable code which can be called anywhere in your

programme. This eliminates the need of writing same code again and again. This will help
programmers to write modular code. You can divide your big programme in a number of small and
manageable functions.
Like any other advance programming language, JavaScript also supports all the features necessary
to write modular code using functions.
You must have seen functions like alert() and write() in previous chapters. We are
using these function again and again but they have been written in core JavaScript
only once.
JavaScript allows us to write our own functions as well. This section will explain you how
to write your own functions in JavaScript.
Function Definition:
Before we use a function we need to define that function. The most common way to
define a function in JavaScript is by using the function keyword, followed by a
unique function name, a list of parameters (that might be empty), and a statement
block surrounded by curly braces. The basic syntax is shown here:

</script>
Example:
A simple function that takes no parameters called sayHello is defined here:


</script>
Calling a Function:
To invoke a function somewhere later in the script, you would simple need
to write the name of that function as follows:

</script>
Function Parameters:
Till now we have seen function without a parameters. But there is a facility to pass different
parameters while calling a function. These passed parameters can be captured inside the
function and any manipulation can be done over those parameters.
A function can take multiple parameters separated by comma.
Example:
Let us do a bit modification in our sayHello function. This time it will take two parameters:

</script>
Note: We are using + operator to concatenate string and number all together. JavaScript does not
mind in adding numbers into strings.
Now we can call this function as follows:

</script>
The return Statement:

A JavaScript function can have an optional return statement. This is required if
you want to return a value from a function. This statement should be the last statement in a
function.
For example you can pass two numbers in a function and then you can
expect from the function to return their multiplication in your calling
program.
Example:
This function takes two parameters and concatenates them and return resultant in the calling
program:

</script>
Now we can call this function as follows:

</script>
Number Methods
The Number object contains only the default methods that are part of every object's definition.
Method Description
Returns the function that created this object's instance. By default this is the
constructor()
Number object.
Forces a number to display in exponential notation, even if the number is in the

toExponential()
range in which JavaScript normally uses standard notation.
toFixed() Formats a number with a specific number of digits to the right of the decimal.
Returns a string value version of the current number in a format that may vary
toLocaleString()
according to a browser's locale settings.
Defines how many total digits (including digits to the left and right of the
toPrecision()
decimal) to display of a number.
toString() Returns the string representation of the number's value.
valueOf() Returns the number's value.
Boolean Methods
Method Description
Returns a string containing the source of the Boolean object; you can use this
toSource()
string to create an equivalent object.
Returns a string of either "true" or "false" depending upon the value of the
toString()
object.
valueOf() Returns the primitive value of the Boolean object.
String Methods
Method Description
charAt() Returns the character at the specified index.

Returns a number indicating the Unicode value of the character at the given
charCodeAt()
index.
concat() Combines the text of two strings and returns a new string.
Returns the index within the calling String object of the first occurrence of the
indexOf()
specified value, or -1 if not found.
Returns the index within the calling String object of the last occurrence of the
lastIndexOf()
specified value, or -1 if not found.
Returns a number indicating whether a reference string comes before or after

localeCompare()
or is the same as the given string in sort order.
length() Returns the length of the string.
match() Used to match a regular expression against a string.
Used to find a match between a regular expression and a string, and to

replace()
replace the matched substring with a new substring.
Executes the search for a match between a regular expression and a specified
search()
string.
slice() Extracts a section of a string and returns a new string.
Splits a String object into an array of strings by separating the string into
split()
substrings.
Returns the characters in a string beginning at the specified location through

substr()
the specified number of characters.
substring() Returns the characters in a string between two indexes into the string.
The characters within a string are converted to lower case while respecting
toLocaleLowerCase()
the current locale.
The characters within a string are converted to upper case while respecting
toLocaleUpperCase()
the current locale.
toLowerCase() Returns the calling string value converted to lower case.
toString() Returns a string representing the specified object.
toUpperCase() Returns the calling string value converted to uppercase.
valueOf() Returns the primitive value of the specified object.
String HTML wrappers

Here is a list of each method which returns a copy of the string wrapped inside the appropriate
HTML tag.
Method Description
anchor() Creates an HTML anchor that is used as a hypertext target.
big() Creates a string to be displayed in a big font as if it were in a <big> tag.

blink() Creates a string to blink as if it were in a <blink> tag.
bold() Creates a string to be displayed as bold as if it were in a <b> tag.
fixed() Causes a string to be displayed in fixed-pitch font as if it were in a <tt> tag
Causes a string to be displayed in the specified color as if it were in a <font

fontcolor()
color="color"> tag.
Causes a string to be displayed in the specified font size as if it were in a <font

fontsize()
size="size"> tag.
italics() Causes a string to be italic, as if it were in an <i> tag.
link() Creates an HTML hypertext link that requests another URL.
small() Causes a string to be displayed in a small font, as if it were in a <small> tag.
Causes a string to be displayed as struck-out text, as if it were in a <strike>

strike()
tag.
sub() Causes a string to be displayed as a subscript, as if it were in a <sub> tag
sup() Causes a string to be displayed as a superscript, as if it were in a <sup> tag
Array Methods
Method Description
Returns a new array comprised of this array joined with other array(s) and/or
concat()
value(s).
Returns true if every element in this array satisfies the provided testing
every()
function.
Creates a new array with all of the elements of this array for which the provided
filter()
filtering function returns true.
forEach() Calls a function for each element in the array.
Returns the first (least) index of an element within the array equal to the
indexOf()
join() Joins all elements of an array into a string.
Returns the last (greatest) index of an element within the array equal to the
lastIndexOf()
Creates a new array with the results of calling a provided function on every
map()
element in this array.
pop() Removes the last element from an array and returns that element.
Adds one or more elements to the end of an array and returns the new length of
push()
the array.
reduce() Apply a function simultaneously against two values of the array (from left-to-
right) as to reduce it to a single value.
Apply a function simultaneously against two values of the array (from right-to-
reduceRight()
left) as to reduce it to a single value.
Reverses the order of the elements of an array -- the first becomes the last, and
reverse()
the last becomes the first.
shift() Removes the first element from an array and returns that element.
slice() Extracts a section of an array and returns a new array.
Returns true if at least one element in this array satisfies the provided testing
some()
function.
toSource() Represents the source code of an object
sort() Sorts the elements of an array.
splice() Adds and/or removes elements from an array.
toString() Returns a string representing the array and its elements.
Adds one or more elements to the front of an array and returns the new length
unshift()
of the array.
Date Methods:
Method Description
Date() Returns today's date and time
Returns the day of the month for the specified date according to local
getDate()
time.
Returns the day of the week for the specified date according to local
getDay()
time.
getFullYear() Returns the year of the specified date according to local time.
getHours() Returns the hour in the specified date according to local time.
getMilliseconds() Returns the milliseconds in the specified date according to local time.
getMinutes() Returns the minutes in the specified date according to local time.
getMonth() Returns the month in the specified date according to local time.
getSeconds() Returns the seconds in the specified date according to local time.
Returns the numeric value of the specified date as the number of

getTime()
milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC.
getTimezoneOffset() Returns the time-zone offset in minutes for the current locale.
Returns the day (date) of the month in the specified date according to
getUTCDate()
universal time.
Returns the day of the week in the specified date according to
getUTCDay()
universal time.
getUTCFullYear() Returns the year in the specified date according to universal time.
getUTCHours() Returns the hours in the specified date according to universal time.
Returns the milliseconds in the specified date according to universal

getUTCMilliseconds()
time.
getUTCMinutes() Returns the minutes in the specified date according to universal time.
getUTCMonth() Returns the month in the specified date according to universal time.
getUTCSeconds() Returns the seconds in the specified date according to universal time.
Deprecated - Returns the year in the specified date according to

getYear()
local time. Use getFullYear instead.
setDate() Sets the day of the month for a specified date according to local time.
setFullYear() Sets the full year for a specified date according to local time.
setHours() Sets the hours for a specified date according to local time.
setMilliseconds() Sets the milliseconds for a specified date according to local time.
setMinutes() Sets the minutes for a specified date according to local time.
setMonth() Sets the month for a specified date according to local time.
setSeconds() Sets the seconds for a specified date according to local time.
Sets the Date object to the time represented by a number of

setTime()
milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC.
Sets the day of the month for a specified date according to universal
setUTCDate()
time.
setUTCFullYear() Sets the full year for a specified date according to universal time.
setUTCHours() Sets the hour for a specified date according to universal time.
setUTCMilliseconds() Sets the milliseconds for a specified date according to universal time.
setUTCMinutes() Sets the minutes for a specified date according to universal time.
setUTCMonth() Sets the month for a specified date according to universal time.
setUTCSeconds() Sets the seconds for a specified date according to universal time.
Deprecated - Sets the year for a specified date according to local

setYear()
time. Use setFullYear instead.
toDateString() Returns the "date" portion of the Date as a human-readable string.
Deprecated - Converts a date to a string, using the Internet GMT

toGMTString()
conventions. Use toUTCString instead.
Returns the "date" portion of the Date as a string, using the current
toLocaleDateString()
locale's conventions.
toLocaleFormat() Converts a date to a string, using a format string.
toLocaleString() Converts a date to a string, using the current locale's conventions.
Returns the "time" portion of the Date as a string, using the current
toLocaleTimeString()
locale's conventions.
Returns a string representing the source for an equivalent Date

toSource()
object; you can use this value to create a new object.
toString() Returns a string representing the specified Date object.
toTimeString() Returns the "time" portion of the Date as a human-readable string.
toUTCString() Converts a date to a string, using the universal time convention.
valueOf() Returns the primitive value of a Date object.
Date Static Methods:

In addition to the many instance methods listed previously, the Date object also defines two static
methods. These methods are invoked through the Date( ) constructor itself:
Method Description
Parses a string representation of a date and time and returns the

Date.parse( )
internal millisecond representation of that date.
Returns the millisecond representation of the specified UTC date and

Date.UTC( )
time.
Math Methods
Method Description
abs() Returns the absolute value of a number.
acos() Returns the arccosine (in radians) of a number.
asin() Returns the arcsine (in radians) of a number.
atan() Returns the arctangent (in radians) of a number.
atan2() Returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments.
ceil() Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number.
cos() Returns the cosine of a number.
Returns EN, where N is the argument, and E is Euler's constant, the base of the
exp()
natural logarithm.
floor() Returns the largest integer less than or equal to a number.

log() Returns the natural logarithm (base E) of a number.
max() Returns the largest of zero or more numbers.
min() Returns the smallest of zero or more numbers.
pow() Returns base to the exponent power, that is, base exponent.
random() Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 1.
round() Returns the value of a number rounded to the nearest integer.
sin() Returns the sine of a number.
sqrt() Returns the square root of a number.
tan() Returns the tangent of a number.
toSource() Returns the string "Math".

JavaScript Supports Three Important Types of Dialog

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JavaScript supports three important types of dialog boxes.

These dialog boxes can be used to raise

Here we will see each dialog box one by one:

Alert Dialog Box:

To understand it in better way you can Try it yourself.

Confirmation Dialog Box:

To understand it in better way you can Try it yourself.

Prompt Dialog Box:

You can use prompt dialog box as follows:

var fruits = new Array( "apple", "orange", "mango" );

You can create array by simply assigning values as follows:

var fruits = [ "apple", "orange", "mango" ];

• fruits[0] is the first element

• fruits[2] is the third element

length Reflects the number of elements in an array.

forEach() Calls a function for each element in the array.

join() Joins all elements of an array into a string.

slice() Extracts a section of an array and returns a new array.

toSource() Represents the source code of an object

sort() Sorts the elements of an array.

splice() Adds and/or removes elements from an array.

toString() Returns a string representing the array and its elements.

A function is a group of reusable code which can be called anywhere in your

A simple function that takes no parameters called sayHello is defined here:

To understand it in better way you can Try it yourself.

A function can take multiple parameters separated by comma.

To understand it in better way you can Try it yourself.

The return Statement:

full = first + last;

Now we can call this function as follows:

Forces a number to display in exponential notation, even if the number is in the

toString() Returns the string representation of the number's value.

valueOf() Returns the number's value.

valueOf() Returns the primitive value of the Boolean object.

charAt() Returns the character at the specified index.

Returns a number indicating whether a reference string comes before or after

length() Returns the length of the string.

match() Used to match a regular expression against a string.

Used to find a match between a regular expression and a string, and to

slice() Extracts a section of a string and returns a new string.

Returns the characters in a string beginning at the specified location through

toLowerCase() Returns the calling string value converted to lower case.

toString() Returns a string representing the specified object.

toUpperCase() Returns the calling string value converted to uppercase.

valueOf() Returns the primitive value of the specified object.

String HTML wrappers

anchor() Creates an HTML anchor that is used as a hypertext target.

big() Creates a string to be displayed in a big font as if it were in a <big> tag.

bold() Creates a string to be displayed as bold as if it were in a <b> tag.

fixed() Causes a string to be displayed in fixed-pitch font as if it were in a <tt> tag

Causes a string to be displayed in the specified color as if it were in a <font

Causes a string to be displayed in the specified font size as if it were in a <font

italics() Causes a string to be italic, as if it were in an <i> tag.

link() Creates an HTML hypertext link that requests another URL.

small() Causes a string to be displayed in a small font, as if it were in a <small> tag.

Causes a string to be displayed as struck-out text, as if it were in a <strike>

sub() Causes a string to be displayed as a subscript, as if it were in a <sub> tag

sup() Causes a string to be displayed as a superscript, as if it were in a <sup> tag

forEach() Calls a function for each element in the array.

join() Joins all elements of an array into a string.

slice() Extracts a section of an array and returns a new array.

toSource() Represents the source code of an object

sort() Sorts the elements of an array.

splice() Adds and/or removes elements from an array.