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Evernote shared notebook: history ancient

Harappa Civilization

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Beginning
End
New Study - Climatic Factors
Harappa
crazyphoton
shared
a
This
new studyhas
is by
an international
team
whichCivilization
conducted survey of the various landforms made by Indus.
Harappa Civiliz
6/13/12
Beginning
& EndtoNew
Study - Climatic
notebook
you. decline in monsoonal
There
was with
a gradual
activity
leading
decreased
flood intensity, taming of rivers thus making cultivation and
This
new study
is byBC.
an international team
urbanization possible. Settlement beganFactors
around
Indus
in 3200
which
conducted survey
the various
However asJoin
the Notebook
decline in rains continued
it eventually
led toofarea
dryinglandforms
up, agricultural activity declining and eventual demise. River
Beginning &
Ghagghar (ex Saraswati) that now flows only in intense rains used to be a perennial river back then and was supported by heavy
Land
End
monsoonal activities back then. The decline in rains dried it up. After about 600 years of flourishing urbanization,
settlements began
System
of Land
to shrink and shift in 2000 BC and move2/15/12
east and
south
east.Ownership Vedic Age In the early Vedic
New Study age, land was not an important resource at all. Pre-Mauryan Age
Aryan Invasion
Climatic Factors
concept to
of private
property had
emerged.Asia
The land
divided
The language of Aryans was shown to The
be similar
that prevailing
in central
and was
its subsequent
spread in N India was taken to
1. This new
be an indicator of a conquest. But languages can spread even without any invasions.
Stone
Agea proof of Aryan invasion. But analysis shows most of these deaths
The skeletons of Mohenjodaro were taken
to be
study were
is bybecause of
2/8/12deaths
Paleolithic
Art Bhimbetka.
ostrich
diseases like severe anaemia. Also violent
in Age
a particular
areaPatne
doesn't
mean any widespread invasion
but
could
indicate a
an
shell. Baghor I, upper paleolithic site. In the middle
local disturbance also.
international
The Rig Veda refers to skirmishes between
of a circular
dasyus
platform
and made
aryans,
of sandstone
dasas and
rubble,
aryans
a and among aryans. This indicates
that groups of
team which
Aryans gradually migrated from Iran into Afghanistan and NW where they introduced the language. The way meanings
of some terms
Agricultural,
Pastoral
& Megalithic
Cultures
are opposite in Vedas and in Avesta indicates
that these
migrants
may be
a dissident branch. When the Aryans
reached Harappan
conducted
2/4/12 General Note on Common Features of
towns, they had already declined.

survey of the
various
What's in a name
The number of sites (in a region) don't matter but the crucial question is the importance of those sites in the civilization
landforms
or the impetus
Culture
they would have given to the development
of the civilization. It is clear (from the spread of raw materials, availability
made byof agricultural
surplus, trade routes) that the sites in the
2/4/12
Indus
Indus
valley
Valleywould
Civilization
be more
Science
likely
& to have given birth to urbanization than the sites located
Indus.
in Rajasthan or Cholistan. The development
of urbanization
in Gujarat
is of
of a later and sudden origin which indicates movement of
Technology
Astronomy They
were aware
2. There was a
Harappan people from NW to there. Hence
Indusgiven
Valley
anroutes,
appropriate
name.
directions
theycan
had be
trade
their dead
gradual
Politico-Administrative Life
decline
in
2/4/12 Harappan Culture Political System Some
monsoonal
scholars have argued that Harappan cities were
activity
autonomous cities or city states. It doesn't carry
leading
to
Social Life
decreased
2/4/12 Harappa Social Divisions The city was divided into a citadel
flood
area (to the west) where the essential institutions of civic life would
intensity,
be located with important public places together with a larger resi...
taming
of
Economic Life
rivers thus
2/4/12 Harappa Culture Agriculture They used to
making
plough their fields using wooden plough. Evidences
cultivation
come from early Harappan levels of Kalibangan and
and
Literary Sources
urbanization
2/4/12 Foreign Accounts Greek Accounts Alexander left detailed
possible.
historical and geographical accounts of his invasion. This helps us
Settlement
in understanding the geography of the age and also clearly build
began
around
Indus
in
3200 BC.
3. However as
the decline
in
rains
continued it
eventually
led to area
drying
up,
agricultural
1-8 of 14 notes
activity
Agricultural Pastoral Cultures of India Factors
Behind Beginning of Agriculture One theory was

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Evernote shared notebook: history ancient

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Evernote shared notebook: history ancient

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