SMK DATO SYED ESA

BIOLOGY
Paper 2
<Test Name>

<Date>

Class :

Time :
Marks :

This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.
Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions in this section.
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1.

Th e clouded leopard, Rafflesia sp. and Malayan tiger shown in Diagram below are threatened with extinction
due to a certain human activity which deprives them of their habitat.
Harimau akar, Rafflesia sp. dan harimau Malaya yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah di bawah diancam
kepupusan disebabkan aktiviti manusia yang mengurangkan habitatnya.

DIAGRAM / RAJAH
(a) What is the human activity which endangers these species of living things?
Apakah aktiviti manusia yang membahayakan spesies-spesies hidupan ini?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) If plants and animals are not saved from extinction and more of them become extinct, what will this lead
to?
Apakah yang akan berlaku sekiranya tumbuhan dan haiwan tidak diselamatkan daripada mengalami
kepupusan?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) What is the habitat of the clouded leopard, Rafflesia sp. and Malayan tiger?
Apakah habitat bagi harimau akar, Rafflesia sp. dan harimau Malaya?
1

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(d) Other than causing the extinction of plants and animals, what other eff ects can the activity named in (a)
cause? Give four other eff ects.
Selain daripada menyebabkan kepupusan tumbuhan dan haiwan, apakah kesan lain aktiviti yang
dinamakan di(a)? Berikan empat kesan lain.
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________________
[4 marks/4 markah]
2.

Diagram below shows a phenomenon.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu fenomena.

Diagram/Rajah
(a) What is the phenomenon shown above?
Apakah fenomena yang ditunjukkan di atas?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(b) Name a gas that causes the above phenomenon.
Namakan satu gas yang menyebabkan fenomena di atas.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(c) Explain how the gas named in (b) causes this phenomenon.
Terangkan bagaimana gas yang dinamakan dalam (b) menyebabkan fenomena ini.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(d) Explain the effect of the phenomenon.
Terangkan kesan fenomena ini.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(e) Name two other gases that cause this phenomenon.
Namakan dua gas lain yang menyebabkan fenomena ini.
1.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(f) State two factors that cause the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Nyatakan dua faktor yang menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah karbon dioksida di atmosfera.
1.

__________________________________________________________________________________

2.

__________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(g) State two ways of overcoming this phenomenon.
Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengatasi fenomena ini.
1.
2.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]

3. Diagram below shows a photograph of an activity carried out in an industrial area.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan aktiviti yang dijalankan dikawasan perindustrian.

Diagram/Rajah
(a)What is the type of pollution shown by the above photograph?
Apakah jenis pencemaran yang ditunjukkan didalam gambar diatas?

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark/markah]
(b)State the main source of the pollution named in (a).
Nyatakan sumber utama pencemaran daripada (a).
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark/markah]
(c)Name three pollutants emitted by factories.
Namakan tiga bahan pencemar yang dihasilkan dari kilang.
1. _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
(d)Give the effect of each pollutant named in (c).
Nyatakan kesan-kesan daripada setiap bahan pencemar daripada (c).
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_
[3 marks/markah]
(e)Give two solutions to overcome this type of pollution.
Berikan dua penyelesaian kepada pencemaran jenis ini.
1. _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
4.

Diagram below shows a environment-threatening activity.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu aktiviti yang mengancam alam sekitar.

DIAGRAM/RAJAH
(a) Based on Diagram above, name the activity and explain several environmental problems caused by the
activity.
Berdasarkan Rajah di atas, namakan aktiviti ini dan terangkan beberapa masalah alam sekitar yang
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diakibatkan oleh aktiviti tersebut.

[10 marks/10 markah]
(b) Air pollution is another bad effect caused by human activities. By referring to suitable examples of air
pollutants, state the harmful effects of air pollution on human health.
Pencemaran udara merupakan satu lagi kesan buruk yang diakibatkan oleh aktiviti manusia. Dengan
merujuk kepada contoh-contoh bahan pencemar udara yang sesuai, nyatakan kesan-kesan buruk
pencemaran udara terhadap kesihatan manusia.
[10 marks/10 markah]
5.

Diagram below shows the Earth which is surrounded by two layers of atmosphere.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua lapisan atmosfera yang mengelilingi Bumi.

DIAGRAM / RAJAH
The stratosphere contains a layer of substance X which absorbs much of a particular type of radiation from the
Sun. This type of radiation has damaging eff ects on humans and other organisms.
Lapisan stratosfera mengandungi satu lapisan bahan X yang menyerap sebahagian besar daripada sejenis
sinaran dari Matahari. Jenis sinaran ini mempunyai kesan buruk terhadap manusia dan organisma lain.
(a) What is substance X mentioned above?
Apakah bahan X yang dimaksudkan dalam pernyataan di atas?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) What type of radiation from the Sun does it absorb?
Apakah jenis sinaran dari Matahari yang diserap oleh bahan X?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) State two damaging eff ects of this type of radiation on humans and other organisms.
Nyatakan dua kesan buruk jenis sinaran ini terhadap manusia dan organisma lain.
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(d) How is the substance named in (a) formed naturally in the stratosphere?
Bagaimanakah bahan yang dinamakan di (a) terbentuk secara semula jadi dalam stratosfera?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(e) A group of commercially important compounds is responsible for destroying substance X named in (a).
What is this compound known as?
Satu sebatian yang digunakan secara komersial bertanggung jawab memusnahkan bahan X yang
dinamakan di (a). Apakah sebatian ini?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(f) How does the thinning of the layer of the substance named in (a) in the stratosphere aff ect organisms
living on Earth?
Bagaimanakah penipisan lapisan bahan X dalam lapisan stratosfera mempengaruhi organisma yang
hidup di Bumi?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
6.

Diagram below shows a human activity.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu aktiviti manusia.

DIAGRAM / RAJAH
(a) What activity is it?
Apakah aktiviti ini?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) How does this activity affect animals living in that area?
Bagaimanakah aktiviti ini mempengaruhi haiwan yang hidup di kawasan ini?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]

(c) How does this activity affect the soil in that area?
Bagaimanakah aktiviti ini mempengaruhi tanah di kawasan ini?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(d) State two other effects of this activity which are related to the eff ect stated in your answer in (c).
Nyatakan dua kesan lain aktiviti ini yang berkaitan dengan kesan yang dinyatakan dalam jawapan anda
di (c).
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(e) What can be done to remedy the ill eff ects of this activity?
Apakah yang boleh dilakukan untuk memulihkan kesan buruk aktiviti ini?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(f) State two other human activities which have undesirable eff ects on the environment.
Nyatakan dua aktiviti manusia yang lain yang menyebabkan kesan buruk terhadap alam sekitar.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
7. Diagram below shows a photograph of the effects of eutrophication in a lake.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan kesan eutrofikasi keatas sebuah tasik.

Diagram/Rajah
(a)What is meant by eutrophication?
Nyatakan maksud eutrofikasi?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_
[2 marks/markah]
(b)State three causes of eutrophication.
Nyatakan tiga punca eutrofikasi?
1. _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
(c)What is the term used to describe the population explosion of algae in a lake.
Apakah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan ledakan populasi alga didalam tasik?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark/markah]
(d)What is the result of the condition named in (c)?
Apakah akibat daripada kejadian yang berlaku pada (c)?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_
[2 marks/markah]
(e)What is the method used to measure water pollution?
Namakan kaedah untuk mengukur kadar pencemaran air?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark/markah]
(f) State the relationship between the BOD value and the degree of pollution.
Kaitkan hubungan diantara nilai BOD dengan kadar pencemaran?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark/markah]
8.

Diagram below shows a satellite image of the ozone hole over the Antarctica.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan imej satelit lapisan ozon di Antartika.

Diagram/Rajah
(a) Where is the ozone layer located?
Dimanakah lapisan ozon terletak?

________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah
(b) State the function of the ozone layer.
Apakah fungsi lapisan ozon?

________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah
(c) Name one ozone-depleting substance.
Namakan satu bahan penghakis ozon?

________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah
(d) State the main cause of ozone depletion.
Nyatakan punca utama penipisan ozon?

________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah
(e) Give three sources of ozone-depleting substance.
Berikan tiga sumber bahan penipisan ozon.

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah
(f) Give one effect of ozone depletion on...
Berikan satu kesan penipisan ozon keatas...
i. humans.
Manusia.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah
ii. plants.
Tumbuhan

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah
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iii. the environment.

Alam sekitar

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah
(g) State two ways to reduce ozone depletion.
Berikan dua kaedah untuk mengurangkan kesan penipisan ozon.

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah
SMK
DATO'
SYED
ESA

Jawapa

SPM Biology Tingkatan 4,5 - ENDANGEREDP2 Kertas 2

1. (a) Deforestation/Penyahhutanan
(b) Loss of biodiversity/Kehilangan biodiversiti
(c) Tropical rainforest/Hutan hujan tropika
(d) 1. Landslides/Tanah runtuh
2. Flash floods/Banjir kilat
3. Soil erosion/Hakisan tanah
4. Changes in the weather and climate
Perubahan cuaca dan iklim
2.(a) The greenhouse effect
Kesan rumah hijau
(b) Carbon dioxide
Karbon dioksida
(c) The high carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere acts as an insulator which prevents heat from
being
reflected back to space.
Kandungan karbon dioksida yang tinggi di atmosfera bertindak sebagai penebat yang menghalang
haba daripada terpancar semula ke angkasa.
(d) The greenhouse effect causes the temperature of the Earths atmosphere to rise, and this is known as
global warming.
Kesan rumah hijau menyebabkan suhu Bumi meningkat, dan ini dikenal sebagai pemanasan global.
(e) Methane and nitrogen oxide
Metana dan nitrogen oksida
(f) 1. The increase in the use of fossil fuel
Peningkatan dalam penggunaan bahan api fosil
2. Forest fires
Kebakaran hutan
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(g) 1. Reduce the use of fossil fuels

Kurangkan penggunaan bahan api fosil
2. Ban open burning
Larangan ke atas pembakaran terbuka
3.(a) Air pollution
Pencemaran udara
(b) Burning of fossil fuels
Pembakaran bahan api fosil
(c) 1. Carbon monoxide
Karbon monoksida
2. Sulphur dioxide
Sulfur dioksida
3. Oxides of nitrogen
Nitrogen oksida
(d) Carbon monoxide Combines with haemoglobin and affects the transport of oxygen to the body
cells
Karbon monoksida - bergabung dengan hemoglobin dan menjejaskan pengangkutan oksigen ke
sel-sel badan
Sulphur dioxide Combines with rainwater to form acid rain
Sulfur dioksida - bergabung dengan air hujan dan membentuk hujan asid
Oxides of nitrogen Cause respiratory infections
Nitrogen oksida - menyebabkan jangkitan respiratori
(e) 1. Use scrubbers in chimneys
Menggunakan scrubbers pada cerobong
2. Reduce the use of fossil fuels
Mengurangkan penggunaan bahan api fosil
4.(a) The activity shown is deforestation, an activity of cutting down and clearing the trees or forests for
many purposes. [1 m]
Deforestation results in soil erosion when the soil layer is removed physically by climatic
processes. [1 m]
The cutting down of trees makes the soil structure unstable due to lack of support system of soil
from plant roots. [1 m]
Heavy rains cause the soil to break up and lead to landslides on hillsides. [1 m]
A lack of forests causes the depletion of water catchment areas, thus leading to flash floods. [1 m]
Prolonged soil erosion causes loss of minerals and natural resources from the soil and sterilizes the
soil. [1 m]
Deforestation causes climatic changes, making the weather drier and warmer than usual. [1 m]
Forests absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. [1 m]
Cutting down of trees increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to a reduced rate
of photosynthesis. [1 m]
A high level of carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping from the atmosphere, causing the
greenhouse effect. [1 m]
An increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere as a result of excess heat from the
greenhouse effect causes global warming. [1 m]
____________
Deforestation also causes loss of habitats and extinction of flora and fauna. [1 m] maximum: 10 m
(b) Fine particulate matter such as smoke particles are carcinogenic causing cancers of respiratory
organs. [1 m]
Prolonged exposure to the dust of silicon dioxide and coal may lead to anthracosis (black lung) and
11

silicosis. [1 m]
Haze may irritate the eyes, nose and lungs, causing conjunctivitis, asthma, bronchitis and other
diseases. [1 m]
Carcinogenic hydrocarbon may cause gene mutation, leading to stunted growth and cancer. [1 m]
Sulphur dioxide irritates the eyes and disturbs the breathing process. [1 m]
Sulphur dioxide may cause acid rain which destroys skin tissues. [1 m]
Too much carbon dioxide trapped in the alveoli may lead to emphysema. [1 m]
Lead may cause stunted growth of the brain in children and may also prevent the body from
producing blood cells. [1 m]
Carbon monoxide competes with oxygen to combine with haemoglobin, resulting in inefficient
gaseous exchange. [1 m]
Nitrogen oxides may cause bronchitis and pneumonia. [1 m]
5.(a) Ozone/Ozon
(b) Ultraviolet radiation/Sinaran ultraungu
(c) 1. It can cause skin cancer in humans.
Sinaran ini boleh mengakibatkan kanser kulit pada manusia.
2. It can damage the DNA of organisms and cause mutations.
Sinaran ini boleh merosakkan DNA organisma dan menyebabkan mutasi.
(d) Ozone can be formed by the action of ultraviolet radiation on oxygen molecules. Ultraviolet
radiation
splits an oxygen molecule into two separate oxygen atoms. An ozone molecule is formed when an
oxygen
molecule combines with an oxygen atom.
Ozon boleh terbentuk oleh tindakan sinaran ultraungu ke atas molekul oksigen. Sinaran ultraungu
memecahkan satu molekul oksigen kepada dua atom oksigen yang berasingan. Satu molekul ozon
terbentuk apabila satu molekul oksigen bergabung dengan satu atom oksigen.
(e) Chlorofluorocarbons/Klorofluorokarbon
(f) The thinning of the ozone layer allows ultraviolet radiation to penetrate the atmosphere more easily
and
reach the surface of the Earth. Ultraviolet radiation is harmful to organisms as it can damage their
DNA and
cause mutations.
Penipisan lapisan ozon membenarkan sinaran ultraungu menembusi atmosfera dengan lebih mudah
dan
sampai ke permukaan Bumi. Sinaran ultraungu adalah berbahaya kepada organisma kerana boleh
merosakkan DNA organisma ini dan menyebabkan mutasi.
6. (a) Logging/Pembalakan
(b) The animals lose their habitat
Haiwan ini kehilangan habitatnya
(c) It causes soil erosion/Menyebabkan hakisan tanah
(d) 1. Landslides/Tanah runtuh
2. Flash floods/Banjir kilat

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(e) Replanting trees (reforestation)

Penanaman semula pokok (penghutanan semula)
(f) 1. Burning of fossil fuels/Pembakaran bahan api fosil
2. Dumping of domestic and industrial waste
Pembuangan bahan buangan domestik dan industri
7.(a) Eutrophication is a condition whereby aquatic ecosystems such as lakes and rivers receive organic or
inorganic nutrients that cause an excessive growth of aquatic plants.
Eutrofikasi adalah keadaan di mana ekosistem akuatik seperti tasik dan sungai menerima nutrien
organik dan bukan organik yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan tumbuhan akuatik yang berlebihan.
(b) 1. The leaching of inorganic fertilisers
Larut resap baja tak organik
2. Untreated sewage from homes and industries
Kumbahan yang tidak dirawat dari rumah dan industri
3. Run-offs containing animal wastes from farms
Air larian mengandungi sisa buangan binatang dari ladang
(c) Algal bloom
Algal bloom
(d) The algae prevent the sunlight from penetrating into the water, causing the death of aquatic plants
and organisms.
Alga menghalang cahaya matahari daripada menembusi air dan menyebabkan kematian tumbuhan
akuatik dan organisma.
(e) By measuring the BOD value
Dengan mengukur nilai BOD
(f) The higher the BOD value, the higher the degree of pollution.
Semakin tinggi nilai BOD, semakin tinggi darjah pencemaran
8.(a) It is located between 20 to 30 km above the Earths surface.
Ia terletak di antara 20 hingga 30 km atas permukaan Bumi.
(b) It absorbs the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and prevents it from reaching the Earth.
Ia menyerap radiasi ultraviolet dari matahari dan menghalang daripada sampai ke Bumi.
(c) Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
Klorofluorokarbon (CFC)
(d) The increasing levels of chlorofl uorocarbon (CFC) in the atmosphere.
Peningkatan nilai klorofluorokarbon (CFC) dalam atmosfera.
(e) 1. Propellants in aerosol cans
Agen pengerak dalam tin aerosol
2. Coolants in air conditioners
Penyejuk dalam penghawa dingin
3. Foaming agents in the making of styrofoam
Agen pembuih dalam pembuatan stirofom
(f) i. Skin cancer
Kanser kulit
ii. Destruction of chlorophyll and mesophyll cells
Pemusnahan sel-sel klorofil dan mesofil
iii. Climatic change
Perubahan iklim
(g) 1. Stop the use of chlorofluoro carbon (CFC).
Hentikan penggunaan klorofluorokarbon (CFC).
2. Replace the ozonedepleting substances with environment friendly substances.
Menggantikan bahan-bahan yang menipiskan lapisan ozon dengan bahan-bahan mesra alam.

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