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LS-DYNA Solver Interface
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owners.
LS-DYNA
.........................................................................................................................................
HM-4600:
General Introduction to HyperMesh - DYNA Interface
........................................................................................................................................
HM-4605:
Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls, and Output
........................................................................................................................................
HM-4610:
Using Curves, Beams, Rigid Bodies Joints, and Loads in DYNA
........................................................................................................................................
HM-4615:
Model Importing, Airbags, Exporting Displayed, and Contacts using DYNA
........................................................................................................................................
21
HM-4620:
Rigid Wall, Model Data, Constraints, and Output using DYNA
........................................................................................................................................
HM-4625:
Assemblies using DYNA
........................................................................................................................................
50
HM-4630:
Interfacing for Arbitrary - Lagrangian - Eulerian Capability using DYNA
........................................................................................................................................
HM-4635:
Checking Penetration, Creating Joints and Checking Minimum Time Step
........................................................................................................................................
85
HM-4640:
Dummy Positioning, Seatbelt Routing, and Control Volumes
........................................................................................................................................
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41
60
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LS-DYNA
The following LS-DYNA tutorials are available:
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Page description
Geom/Mesh
User
Disp
QA/Model
Contains many tools to help you quickly review and clean up the
quality of a pre-existing mesh.
Part Info
Name Mapping
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Page
Page description
Geom/Mesh
User
Disp
QA/Model
Contains many tools to help you quickly review and clean up the
quality of a pre-existing mesh.
Create Part
Part Replacement
Convert To Rigid
Find Free
Fix Incorrect
Component Table Summarize, create, and edit parts, sections in the model
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Page
Page description
Geom/Mesh
User
Disp
QA/Model
Contains many tools to help you quickly review and clean up the
quality of a pre-existing mesh.
C-Interfto50
Online Help
HyperMesh online help describes how to create every supported DYNA card.
To access the online help do the following:
From the Help menu, click HyperMesh and BatchMesher.
DYNA FE Input Translator
The DYNA FE input translator imports DYNA input files. Three translators exist:
FE input reader
DYNA KEY
DYNA SEQ
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Keyword971
Keyword970
Keyword960
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Tools/Utilities
The following tools/utilities set the foundation for settings up an Ls-Dyna input deck with HyperMesh:
LS-Dyna FE input translator
FE output template
Ls-Dyna Utility Menu
User Profile
.
Exercises
This tutorial contains the following exercises:
Exercise 1: Define Model Data for the Head and A-Pillar Impact Analysis
Exercise 2: Define Boundary Conditions and Loads for the Head and A-Pillar Impact Analysis
Exercise 3: Define Termination and Output for the Head and A-Pillar Impact Analysis
EID
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PID
*PART PID
SID
*SECTION
SID
*MAT
MID
MID
A *PART shares attributes such as section properties (*SECTION) and a material model (*MAT). A group of
elements (*ELEMENT) sharing common attributes generally share a common part ID (PID). The figure below
shows how the keywords *PART, *ELEMENT, *MAT and *SECTION relate to each other. A unique PID
assigns a material ID (MID) and a section ID (SID) to an element.
The figure below shows how the keywords *ELEMENT, *PART, *SECTION, and *MAT are organized in
HyperMesh.
*ELEMENT
EID
PID
*PART PID
SID
MID
*SECTION
SID
*MAT
MID
Component, property and material collectors are created and edited from the Collectors panel.
View DYNA Keywords in HyperMesh
A HyperMesh card image allows you to view the image of keywords and data lines for defined DYNA entities
as interpreted by the loaded template. The keywords and data lines appear in the exported DYNA input file
as you see them in the card images. Additionally, for some card images, you can define and edit various
parameters and data items for the corresponding DYNA keyword.
Card images can be viewed using the Card Editor panel which can be accessed from either the Tool menu,
the Card Editor icon in the toolbar, or from the right-click context menus in the Model Browser and Solver
Browser.
Create *MAT
In HyperMesh, a *MAT is a material collector with a card image. To relate it to a *PART, the material
collector is associated to a component collector. A material collector can be created from the Model
Browser, Solver Browser or by selecting the Material drop down menu and choosing Create.
Update a Components Material
Update any component with any material from the Component Collectors panel, update subpanel.
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Exercise 1: Define Model Data for the Head and A-Pillar Impact
Analysis
The purpose for this exercise is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA materials, sections and
parts using HyperMesh.
This exercise comprises of setting up the model data for an LS-DYNA analysis of a hybrid III dummy head
impacting an A-pillar. The head and A-pillar model is depicted below.
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2.
2.
Click Open.
Step 3: Define the material *MAT_ELASTIC for the A-pillar and head
1.
Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Material.
The Create material dialog appears.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click Create to create the material and edit its card image.
6.
Click the [Rho] field and enter 1.2 E-6 for the density.
7.
8.
9.
Step 4: Define property (*SECTION_SHELL) with a thickness of 3.5 mm for the Apillar
1.
Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Property.
The Create property dialog appears.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Property.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Right click on the pillar component in the Model Browser and pick Edit.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click Update.
Right click on the component head in the Model Browser and pick Edit.
2.
3.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
DYNA keyword
Velocity applied to
Setup in HyperMesh
*INITIAL_VELOCITY
set of nodes,
*SET_NODE_LIST
*INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENE
RATION
*INITIAL_VELOCITY_NODE
individual nodes
*SET
With the exception of *SET_SEGMENT, all *SET types are created from the Entity Sets panel, from clicking
Tools > Create > Sets. Graphically view a sets contents with the review function in the Entity Sets panel.
*SET_SEGMENT is created from the Contactsurfs panel and is discussed in this chapter.
HyperMesh Entity Configurations and Types
HyperMesh elements and loads have two identifiers: configuration and type. Configuration is a HyperMesh
core feature. Type is defined by the loaded FE output template. A configuration can support multiple types.
Before creating elements or loads, select the desired type from either the Elem Types panel.
Use the Load Types subpanel only when creating loads directly on nodes or elements. For all other cases,
the load is defined by creating a load collector with a card image. For example, *INITIAL_VELOCITY_NODE
(applied directly to nodes) is created from the Velocities panel while *INITIAL_VELOCITY (applied to nodes
in a set) is a load collector with the InitialVel card image.
You can see a list of element and load configurations in the Elem Types panel and the Load Types panel,
respectively. These panels are pictured below.
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Some element configurations are rigid and quad4. When a dyna.key template is loaded, types of the rigid
configuration are RgdBody, ConNode and GenWeld (*CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY,
*CONSTRAINED_NODE_SET and *CONSTRAINED_GENERALIZED_WELD_SPOT).
Similarly, some load configurations are force and pressure. Types of the pressure configuration are
ShellPres and SegmentPre (*LOAD_SHELL_ELEMENT and *LOAD_SEGMENT).
Most element and load configurations have their own panels. For example, rigids are created from the Rigids
panel and constraints are created from the Constraints panel.
*BOUNDARY_SPC_(Option)
The table below describes DYNA keywords for defining nodal single point constraints.
DYNA keyword
Constraint applied to
Setup in HyperMesh
*BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE
individual nodes
*BOUNDARY_SPC_SET
a set of nodes
*SET_NODE_LIST
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While HyperMesh supports all of them, this chapter focuses on contacts with slave and master type 0, set
segment ID. Chapter three focuses on the other slave and master types.
*SET_SEGMENT and Contactsurfs Panel
*SET_SEGMENT is created from the Contactsurfs panel. Additionally, from this panel, you can add and
remove elements from an existing *SET_SEGMENT and adjust the normal of segments without adjusting the
normal of elements.
The graphical representation of a contactsurf is pyramids, one pyramid for each segment. The orientation of a
pyramid represents the normal orientation of the segment. By default, the orientation of a pyramid is the
same as the normal of the element underneath.
A *SET_SEGMENT is specified in a *CONTACT from the Interfaces panel, add subpanel with master: or
slave: type set to csurfs.
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Constrain the pillars end nodes in all six degrees of freedom with *BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE
Define a contact between the head and A-pillar with *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SUR
FACE
2.
Select LsDyna.
2.
Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation,
zooming, etc.).
Step 3: Create a node set, *SET_NODE_LIST, containing all the nodes in the head
component
1.
2.
3.
4.
With the nodes selector active, click nodes >> by collector and select the component head.
5.
6.
Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Load Collector.
2.
3.
4.
Activate the Card edit loadcollector upon creation option if not already activated.
5.
Click Create to create the load collector and edit its card image.
6.
In the node set ID [NSID] field, select the entity set Vel_Nodes.
7.
8.
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Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Load Collector.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
3.
Click nodes >> by sets and select the pre-defined entity set nodes for SPC.
Notice the nodes at the pillars ends are highlighted.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Step 7: Define a *SET_SEGMENT for the slave entities, the A-pillar elements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
With the elems selector active, click elems >> by collector and then select the pillar component.
6.
7.
Review the contactsurf to make sure its pyramids are pointing out of the pillar.
8.
Step 8: Define a *SET_SEGMENT for the master entities, the head elements
1.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
With the elems selector active, click elems >> by collector and then select the head component.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Step 10: Add the slave and master contactsurfs to the HyperMesh group
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click update in the master: line, to the right of the yellow contactsurfs selector.
5.
6.
Click the contactsurfs selector in the slave: line and select pillar_slave.
7.
8.
Step 11: Edit the groups card image to define the AUTOMATIC option
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.
3.
Click review.
4.
Notice the master and slave entities are temporarily displayed blue and red, respectively.
5.
17
*DATABASE_HISTORY_(Option)
*DATABASE_NODAL_FORCE_GROUP
Interfaces panel
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Exercise 3: Define Termination and Output for the Head and APillar Impact Analysis
The purpose for this exercise is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA control data and output
requests using HyperMesh.
This exercise comprises of defining the termination and output for an LS-DYNA analysis of a hybrid III
dummy head impacting an A-pillar. The head and A-pillar model is shown in the image below.
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Step 3: Specify the time at which you want LS-DYNA to stop the analysis with
*CONTROL_TERMINATION
1.
Click Setup > Create > Control Cards to open the Control Cards panel.
2.
3.
Select CONTROL_TERMINATION.
A card image pops up.
4.
5.
Click next to scroll through the list and go to the next page if necessary.
2.
Select DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT.
3.
For the interval between outputs in the D3PLOT file, [DT] field, specify 0.1.
4.
Click next to scroll through the list and go to the next page.
2.
Select DATABASE_OPTION.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click File > Export > Solver Deck to open the Export tab.
2.
Make sure Ls-Dyna is selected as the File type and the appropriate template is selected.
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3.
4.
Click Export.
From the desktops Start menu, open the LS-DYNA Manager program.
2.
3.
4.
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Tools
The following tools are covered in this tutorial:
DYNA Tools
Component Table
Curve Editor
The Dyna Tools menu can be accessed from the Utility Menu.
The Component Table is part of the DYNA Tools menu. With this tool, you can view a summary of the
models parts as well as create and edit parts. Below is a list of the tool's functionality.
Create a list of displayed or all parts and view them in the graphics area
Display parts with same section or material
Rename and renumber parts, sections and materials
Update thickness
Create new parts
Assign sections and materials to parts
Export table to file with comma separated format
In the Component Table window, place the cursor over each button to see an explanation of each button.
Below is a sample image of the Component Table.
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The Curve Editor can be accessed by clicking XYPlots > Curve Editor from the menu bar.
The Curve Editor is a pop-up window that allows you to view and modify graphed curves in a more intuitive
and holistic way than the individual xy plots panels provide.
Below is a list of the tools functionality.
Change curve attributes
Change graph attributes
Display curves in the graph area
Create a new curve
Delete a new curve
Rename a curve
Below is a sample image of the Curve Editor.
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Exercises
This tutorial contains the following exercises:
Exercise 1: Define Model Data for Seat Impact Analysis
Exercise 2: Define Boundary Conditions and Loads for the Seat Impact Analysis
Process
This section describes how to define model data.
*DEFINE_CURVE
The *DEFINE_CURVE card defines a curve in LS-DYNA. Curves are often used to define non-linear materials
and loads. There are a few methods for creating DYNA curves in LS-DYNA in HyperMesh. A few methods are
described below.
Method 1: Create using the Curve Editor
From the menu bar, click XYPlots > Curve Editor.
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These templates are in the folder ALTAIR_HOME\templates\feoutput. Import the exported file into
HyperMesh from the using the Import tab.
*DEFINE_TABLE
*DEFINE_TABLE defines a table. It consists of a *DEFINE_TABLE card followed by n lines of input. Each of
the n additional lines define a numerical value in ascending order corresponding to a *DEFINE_CURVE input
which follows the *DEFINE_TABLE command and the related input.
In HyperMesh, *DEFINE_TABLE is created from a dummy *DEFINE_CURVE. Create a dummy curve using
the method explained above. Edit the dummy curve from the Card Edit panel. In the pop-up card image
activate the DEFINE_TABLE option to create *DEFINE_TABLE and specify values and load curves. The
figure below shows the *DEFINE_TABLE card image.
If, for example, ten stress-strain curves for ten different strain rates are given, HyperMesh will write ten cards
to the DYNA input file after the first card for *DEFINE_TABLE. The ten corresponding *DEFINE_CURVE
specifications will immediately follow in the exported input file.
Beam Elements
*ELEMENT_BEAM is created from the Bars panel. In this panel, you need to always specify node 3, which
determines the initial configuration of the cross section. However, not every beam type requires node 3. You
can suppress node 3 by card editing the beam elements from the Card Editor panel.
Beam elements are organized into a component collector with the Part card image. Specify the THICKNESS
and PID options by card editing the beam elements from the Card Editor panel.
*SECTION_BEAM
*SECTION_BEAM is a property collector.
HyperBeam
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HyperBeam supports *SECTION_BEAM when ELFORM is 2 or 3. The HyperBeam panel is located in the
1D page. HyperBeam allows you to create a beam cross-section entity and this is saved to the HyperMesh
database as a beamsec. Select a beamsec from the *SECTION_BEAM card image to populate its fields A,
Iss, Itt, and Irr. The cross-section can also be seen graphically using the tool bar options
and
Rigids panel
Joints
All DYNA joints are created by clicking Tools > Create Cards, or by clicking Mesh > Create > 1D Elements
> Joints. They are organized into a component collector with no card image.
Unlike other 1D elements, you do not specify the DYNA joint type from the Elem Types panel. Rather,
specify it in the panel used to create it, the FE Joints panel.
The FE Joints panel has the property= selector. As a DYNA user, you can disregard this selector. If the
HyperMesh user profile is loaded, the panel also has the orientation option. As a DYNA user, you can
disregard this option also.
Coincident Node Picking
For DYNA joints, the nodal points in the nodal pairs should coincide in the initial configuration. The
coincident picking option can be turned on by clicking Preferences > Graphics. It allows you to graphically
select a desired node from a stack of coincident nodes. This option also supports coincident picking for
elements, loads, and systems.
Create Coincident Nodes
Create a node "like" an existing node from the Nodes panel in the Geom page. Select the type in sub-panel.
Click as node, select a node in the graphics area and then click create.
*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS
*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS_OPTION is a HyperMesh property collector with the JointStff card
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image.
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID
The table below lists the DYNA *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID keywords.
DYNA keyword
Purpose
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_INERTIA
Below is the card format for specifying parts for these keywords:
1
PID
MRB
PID
MRB
is the part ID of the master rigid body to which the part is merged. This field exists only for
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID and for *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC when the part
is to be switched to rigid.
In HyperMesh, rather than specify one part at a time, you specify an entity set containing all of the desired
slave parts. On export, the entity sets part IDs are written to the DYNA input file according to the above card
format.
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Click Preferences > User Profiles, or click the User Profiles icon.
2.
Select LsDyna.
2.
Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation,
zooming, etc.).
Click XY Plots > Create > Plots to open the Plots panel.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click return.
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Click XYPlots > Create > Curves > Read Curves to access the Read Curves panel.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Notice two curves are created and are named 0.001 strain rate for steel (curve1) and 0.004 strain rate
for steel (curve2).
6.
Click return.
Click XYPlots > Edit > Curves to access the Edit Curves panel.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Notice the curve is displayed in the seat_mat plot and has the name curve3.
9.
Right click on curve3 in the Model Browser and pick Card Edit.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Click View > Browsers > HyperMesh > Solver to open the Solver Browser.
2.
Right-click anywhere in the Solver Browser and click Create > *MAT > MAT (1-50) > 24*MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Step 8: Update the base_frame and back_frame components with the new nonlinear material
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2.
Click
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In the Model Browser, right-click on the beams component and select Make Current to set the beam
component as the current collector.
Click Mesh > Create > 1D Elements > Bars to open the panel.
2.
3.
4.
Select the center node of the left nodal rigid body for Node A.
Node B is active now.
5.
Select the center node of the right nodal rigid body for Node B.
6.
Select any non-center node of one of the nodal rigid bodies for the direction node.
7.
8.
Step 12: Display node IDs for ease of following the next steps
1.
2.
3.
Click nodes and select by id. Enter 425-427, 431 and press Enter.
4.
5.
Click return.
In the Model Browser, right-click on the welding component and select Make Current to set the
welding component as the current collector.
Step 14: Select the RgdBody type for the HyperMesh rigid configuration
1.
2.
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3.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Select nodes 425, 426, 427 and 431 for nodes 2-n.
5.
6.
7.
Click return.
A *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS is not created; it is not needed for this joint to work.
Step 16: Display node IDs for ease of following the next steps
1.
2.
3.
Click nodes and select by id. Type 1635, 1636 and press Enter.
4.
5.
Click return.
6.
From the toolbar, click the Wireframe Elements (Skin Only) icon
mode.
2.
3.
Click return.
In the Model Browser, right-click on the joint component and select Make Current to set it as the
current collector.
Step 19: Create a revolute joint between two nodal rigid bodies
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(*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_REVOLUTE)
The rigid bodies must share a common edge along which to define the joint. This edge, however, must not
have the nodes merged together. The two rigid bodies will rotate relative to each other along the axis defined
by the common edge.
1.
Right-click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONSTRAINED >
*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_REVOLUTE.
2.
3.
4.
Move the mouse to node 1635 in the coincident picking display and click on it to select it for node 1 in
rigid body A.
node2 is now active.
5.
Click on node 1635 again to see the coincident picking mechanism and select node 1633 for node 2 in
rigid body B.
node3 is now active.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
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Click the yellow comps button and select the base_frame, back_frame and cover components.
5.
6.
Click return.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID >
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID.
2.
3.
Click the part set ID, [PSID] button twice and select set_part_seat.
4.
Click the master rigid body, [MRB], button twice and select back_frame.
5.
Click return.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID >
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC.
2.
3.
For the unique set number for this automatic switch set, [SWSET], enter 1.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Move the scroll bar on the left side of the card image down to see [PSIDR2D].
8.
9.
Click return.
Steps 23-27: Review the models component data using the Model
Browser, Solver Browser or Component Table tool
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Step 23: Display only parts with a particular material (Ex: steel)
1.
2.
Highlight the material steel, then right click on it and choose isolate to see only components that have
the selected material assigned.
3.
4.
Follow the above steps to select components using the By Properties option.
2.
Select the part to rename and right click on it. Choose rename from the extended menu options and the
becomes editable to enter a new name.
Notice the part's new name in the Solver and Model Browser.
2.
Enter a number that does not conflict with the existing part IDs.
3.
Step 23: Display only parts with a particular material (Ex: steel)
1.
Expand the Materials folder to see all available materials in the model.
2.
Right-click on the material Steel and select Isolate from the menu.
3.
Complete steps 1 and 2 to select components based on properties using the *section folder.
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2.
Select the part to rename and right click on it. Choose rename from the extended menu options and the
becomes editable to enter a new name.
Notice the part's new name in the Solver and Model Browser.
2.
Enter a number that does not conflict with the existing part IDs.
3.
Step 23: Display only parts with a particular material (Ex: steel)
1.
2.
3.
5.
Follow the above steps to select components using the By Properties and By thickness option.
2.
Notice now that the GUI shows all components of the model.
From the Table menu, click Editable to make the table editable. (All columns with a white background
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3.
2.
Type a number that does not conflict with the existing part IDs.
3.
Step 27: Review the models data using the Solver Browser
The created solver entities are listed in the corresponding folder in Solver Browser. Each entity has the
following options Show, Hide, Isolate, and Review to help user navigate through the model
1.
2.
Right-click and choose Isolate to show only the entities that are referred in this keyword.
3.
4.
Select the folder *BOUNDARY, right-click and select Show. The entities on which the loads in the folder
are defined are displayed, as well as the load handles.
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Click Preferences > User Profiles, or click the User Profiles icon.
2.
Select LsDyna.
2.
Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation,
zooming, etc.).
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > LOAD> *LOAD_BODY_Z.
2.
3.
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4.
Click on the load curve LCID field twice and select the curve named gravity curve.
5.
6.
Click return.
Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Load Collector.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
With the nodes selector active, select nodes and select by sets.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
Click Export.
From the Start menu on your desktop, open the LS-DYNA Manager program.
2.
3.
4.
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Export Displayed
From the Export tab, you can select the Displayed option to export only displayed nodes and elements.
Only model data associated to the displayed nodes and elements are exported. This model data includes
materials and their associated curves, properties, portions of contacts, and output requests.
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DYNA card
Equivalent type in
Interfaces panel, add
subpanel
*SET_SEGMENT
set_segment (contactsurfs)
or
csurfs
entity
*SET_PART_LIST
sets
entity
Entity Sets or
sets
comps
EQ. 3: part id
*PART
Collectors
comps
*SET_NODE_Option
Entity Sets or
sets
entity
all
*SET_PART_LIST
Add subpanel
While the Interfaces panel, add subpanel has several master and slave types - comps, sets, entity, etc. to choose from in order to specify the DYNA master or slave set for a *CONTACT, only the valid master and
slave types are selectable for the particular contact you are creating.
When the master or slave type is set to comps and only one component is selected, the DYNA type is 3,
part ID, and *PART is created. When multiple components are selected, the DYNA type is 2, part set ID, and
*SET_PART_LIST is created.
When the master or slave type is set to sets, only those sets valid for the particular contact you are
creating are selectable. For example, for *CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE, only a list of node sets is
available for slave; you will not see a list of other set types, like element or part sets.
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Review Contacts
You can review contacts with the review button in the Interfaces, add subpanel.
2.
Select LsDyna.
From the menu bar, File > Import > Solver Deck.
2.
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3.
Click Import.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click View > Browsers > HyperMesh > Solver to open the Solver Browser.
2.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create >.*AIRBAG > *AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE.
3.
4.
5.
Click the set selector button and select the entity set airbag_set. The parts in this set define the
airbags geometry.
6.
Click update.
7.
8.
Value
Parameter description
CV
1023. 0
CP
1320. 0
780. 0
LCMT
c ur v e i d 1
C23
1. 0
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9.
LCA23
c ur v e i d 2
CP23
1. 0
PE
1. 0E- 4
Ambient pressure
RO
1. 0E- 9
Ambient density
GC
1. 0
Click return twice to close the card image and then close the panel.
Step 5: Define an initial velocity of 3 mm/ms in the negative x-direction for the head
with *INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION
1.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *INITIAL > *INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION.
2.
3.
In the card image, under STYP, switch the toggle to select Part ID for the set type.
4.
5.
6.
Steps 6-12: Define a contact between the airbag and head with
*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE
Step 6: Create a HyperMesh group with the card image SurfaceToSurface
1.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONTACT > CONTACT (A-O) >
*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE.
2.
3.
Step 7: Specify the head to be the master surface with surface type 3, part ID
1.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
Step 8: Specify all of the airbag to be the slave surface with surface type 2, part set
ID
1.
2.
Click sets and select the pre-defined entity set airbag_set (*SET_PART_LIST).
This set contains the AirbagFront and AirbagRear components.
3.
4.
Click review.
2.
Notice the master and slave entities are temporarily displayed blue and red, respectively. All other
entities are temporarily displayed grey.
3.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONTACT > CONTACT (A-O) >
*CONTACT_AIRBAG_SINGLE_SURFACE.
2.
3.
4.
Step 11: Define all of the airbag to be the slave surface with slave set type 2, part
set ID
1.
2.
3.
Click sets and select the pre-defined entity set airbag_set (*SET_PART_LIST).
4.
5.
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1.
Click review.
2.
Notice the slave entities are temporarily displayed red. All other entities are temporarily displayed grey.
3.
Steps 13- 18: Define a contact between the plate and the airbag with
*CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE
Step 13: Due to the dynamics of the contact, define the AirbagRear component to
be the master surface with master type 0, set segment ID
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
With the elems selector active, select elems and select by collector.
7.
8.
9.
Notice the contactsurfs pyramids point into the airbag. They should point out. In the next step you will
reverse their direction.
Step 14: Reverse the contactsurfs pyramids so they point out of the airbag
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create >.*CONTACT > CONTACT(A-O) >
*CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE.
2.
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3.
4.
Step 16: Specify the AirbagRear_master contactsurf for the contacts master
surface
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Step 17: Define the plate to be the contacts slave surface with slave type 4, node
set ID
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click review.
2.
Notice the master and slave entities are temporarily displayed blue and red, respectively. All other
entities are temporarily displayed grey.
3.
Step 19: Review the created solver entities using the Solver Browser
1.
Click on the plus sign next to the *contact folder in the Solver Browser to expand it. Expand the subfolders as well.
2.
3.
Right-click on Airbag_Plate and select Isolate. Only the entities that are part of this contact are
displayed.
4.
Right-click on Airbag again and select Show. The entire airbag is displayed in the screen, as this entity
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Expand the *INITIAL folders, right-click on velocity and choose Show from the menu. The entities on
which the load has been defined will appear (in this case it is head).
Step 20: Export the model to an LS-DYNA 971 formatted input file
1.
Click on Export
2.
Notice File type is set to LsDyna. It is automatically selected since you are in LsDyna user profile.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click Export.
icon to select the path and enter the file name as airbag_complete.key.
2.
3.
4.
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*PART_INERTIA
The INERTIA option allows inertial properties and initial conditions to be defined rather than calculated from
the finite element mesh. This applies to rigid bodies only.
When importing a DYNA model into HyperMesh, the *PART_INERTIA IRCS parameter value is changed from
0 to 1. (The inertia components are changed from global to local axis.) This allows inertia components to be
automatically updated when *PART_INERTIA elements are translated or rotated. When selecting
*PART_INERTIA elements to translate or rotate, select elements by comp. This selection method ensures
the inertia properties are automatically updated.
*CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES
This card defines extra nodes to be part of a rigid body. In HyperMesh, it is created from the Solver
Browser.
*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_(Option)
*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_(Option) defines a cross section for resultant forces written to the ASCII
SECFORC file. The options are PLANE and SET.
For the PLANE option, a cutting plane must be defined. For best results, the plane should cleanly pass
through the middle of the elements, distributing them equally on either side.
The SET option requires the equivalent of the automatically generated input via the cutting plane to be
identified manually and defined in sets. All nodes in the cross-section and their related elements contributing
to the cross-sectional force resultants should be defined in sets.
*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_SET and *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE are created from the
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Solver Browser. Like the Interfaces panel, anything created from the Rigid Walls panel is a HyperMesh
group. Thus, to rename, renumber or delete a *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION card, select groups from the
Rename, Renumber or Delete panel.
*RIGIDWALL
A *RIGIDWALL provides a method for treating contact between a rigid surface and nodal points of a
deformable body.
In HyperMesh, *RIGIDWALL keyword cards are created from the Solver Browser.
Bumper model
On the Preferences menu, click User Profiles or click the User Profile
2.
Select LsDyna.
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icon.
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2.
3.
Click Import.
Step 3: Define *PART_INERTIA for the vehicle mass component to partially take
into account the inertia properties and mass of the missing parts
1.
Right click on vehicle mass in the Model Browser and click Card Edit.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
IXY
IXZ
IYY
IYZ
IZZ
1.5E+07
-5.0E+03
-8.0E+06
5.0E+07
-900
6.0E+07
8.
For the initial translational velocity along the X-axis, VTX, specify -10.
9.
Step 4: Create a *DEFINE_BOX that contains all nodes but the barrier nodes
1.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *DEFINE > *DEFINE_BOX.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
X=
lower bound
upper bound
-530
200
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Y=
-800
800
Z=
300
7.
8.
Step 5: Create initial velocity on all nodes but the barrier nodes
1.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create >*INITIAL > *INITIAL_VELOCITY.
2.
3.
For the initial velocity in the global X direction, VX, specify 10.
4.
Click on the BOXID field and select the box velocity option.
5.
Note:
You can also create velocity boundary condition on a set of nodes by clicking the load collector
icon
Step 6: View the closest nodes which are in the pre-defined node entity set
(*SET_NODES_LIST) named Constrain Vehicle
1.
2.
Click review.
3.
4.
5.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONSTRAINED >
*CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES_SET.
2.
In the Name field, type ExtraNodes and click OK to create the card.
3.
Click the part ID (PID) field to activate it, and then select it again. Select the vehicle mass component.
This is the rigid body to which the nodes will be added. The ID is automatically entered into the card.
4.
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5.
Step 8: Define the nodes in the Constrain Vehicle set to be a part of the vehicle
mass rigid body
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click select.
6.
7.
Note:
You can also create extra node set on a set of nodes by clicking BCs > Create > Interfaces with
the Type field set to Xtranode.
Step 9: View the extra nodes that are a part of the vehicle mass rigid body
1.
Click review.
Notice the extra nodes are temporarily displayed red while the PID (vehicle mass) is temporarily
displayed blue. All other entities are temporarily displayed grey.
2.
Step 10: Create an entity set, *SET_PART_LIST, for just the vehicle mass
component
All other components not in this set will be included in the contact.
1.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *SET > *SET_PART_LIST.
2.
3.
4.
With the comps selector active, select the vehicle mass component.
5.
6.
Note:
You can also create *SET_PART_LIST by clicking Tools > Create >Sets.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONTACT > CONTACT (A-O) >
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54
*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_GENERAL.
2.
3.
4.
Note:
You can also create *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_GENERAL by clicking BCs > Create > Interface,
type = AutomaticGeneral.
Step 12: Define the slave surface with slave set type 6, part set ID for exempted
parts
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click the yellow sets button and select the Exempt Parts set.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Notice the slave surface type SSTYPE value changes from 2 (part set ID) to 6 (part set ID for exempted
parts).
Step 13: Create an entity set, *SET_PART_LIST, to specify the elements that will
contribute to the cross-sectional force results
1.
2.
3.
4.
With the comps selector active, select the components interior crashbox and exterior crashbox.
5.
6.
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Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *DATABASE >
*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE.
2.
3.
Click return in the card editor to go back the Rigid Walls panel.
4.
Note:
You can also create *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE by clicking BCs > Create > Rigid
walls, type = XSection Plane.
Step 15: Define the location and size of the sections plane
In this sub-panel, the planes origin (the tail of the normal vector) is defined by a base node. Create a node
from the create nodes panel by following steps 1 - 4 below and then select it for the base node.
1.
2.
3.
4.
For x=, y= and z=, enter the values 320, -500 and 100, respectively.
5.
subpanel.
Click return to go back to the geom subpanel of the Rigid Walls panel.
7.
With the base node selector active, graphically select the node just created.
8.
9.
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15. Stay in the Rigid Walls panel for the next step.
2.
3.
Click the yellow sets button and select the set XsectionPlane-Parts.
4.
5.
Click review. Notice the slave entities are displayed red while the rigid wall is displayed blue. All other
entities are temporarily displayed grey.
2.
Step 18: Create a *DEFINE_BOX containing the nodes making up the barrier and
bumpers left side.
These nodes will be slave to the rigid wall.
1.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *DEFINE > *DEFINE_BOX.
2.
3.
4.
5.
upper bound
X=
-600
-460
Y=
-800
Z=
400
6.
7.
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1.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create >*RIGIDWALL > *RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_FINITE.
2.
3.
Click OK.
4.
Note:
You can also create *RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_FINITE by clicking BCs > Create > Rigid walls and
setting the type to RWPlanar.
Step 20: Define the location and size of the rigid wall
In this sub-panel, the rigid walls origin (the tail of the normal vector) is defined by a base node. Create a node
from the create nodes panel by following steps 1-4 below and then select it for the base node.
1.
2.
3.
4.
For x=, y= and z=, enter the values 600, -750 and 90, respectively.
5.
6.
7.
With the base node selector active, select the node that was created in step 4.
8.
9.
subpanel.
Step 21: Edit the card image for the rigid wall to specify the nodes in the
*DEFINE_BOX half model as slave to the rigid wall
1.
2.
3.
Click the BOXID field twice and select the box half model.
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4.
5.
6.
Step 22: Specify some nodes to be output to the ASCII NODOUT file with
*DATABASE_HISTORY_NODE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Step 23: Export the model to an LS-DYNA 970 formatted input file
1.
Click File > Export > Solver Deck to open the Export tab.
2.
3.
4.
Click Export.
2.
3.
4.
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Tools
The Connectors module can be accessed by:
The Connectors menu
The Connector Browser which can be opened using View > Browsers > HyperMesh > Connector
Exercises
This tutorial contains the following exercises:
Exercise 1: Weld Between Geometry Surfaces and Shell Elements
Exercise 2: Weld Using a Master Connectors File and Duplicating and Reflecting Connectors
Exercise 3: Create Connectors from Existing Welds to Create New Welds of a Different Type
Exercise 4: Swap Welded Part
Exercise 5: Troubleshoot Failure of Connectors to Realize
The first four exercises will help you become familiar with connecting (welding) an assembly of parts, using
various methods, and replacing parts with newer, similar parts and updating their affected connections.
The fifth exercise will help you become familiar with troubleshooting failure of connectors to realize.
The part assembly used in the first four exercises is depicted in the image below. A very brief description of
the corresponding exercises follows. (The exercises are independent of each other.)
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Second, weld the two front trusses to the reinforcement plate depicted in the image below. Do this as
follows: 1) create connectors between their shell elements at pre-defined weld points and, 2) realize the
connectors into two node weld elements.
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2.
Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation,
zooming, etc.).
3.
From the Preferences menu, click User Profiles, or click the User Profiles icon.
4.
Select LsDyna.
Step 2: Create welds between the geometry for the two front trusses at the predefined weld points
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the six pre-defined weld points by clicking on points >> by collector.
5.
6.
Click select.
7.
For connect what:, click the yellow comps button and select the components Front_Truss_1 and F
ront_Truss_2.
8.
9.
The six connectors are automatically created and realized. The green connectors indicate that the creation of
the weld entity was successful. The connectors are organized as geometry (not elements) in the current
component collector, Con_Frt_Truss.
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There are three states of connectors: realized (green ), unrealized (yellow ), and failed (red ).The color
of the connectors change from yellow to green (if created manually), indicating they are realized into weld
elements. As mentioned above, if created automatically they will be green immediately as there is no interim
unrealized (yellow) state.
Fixed points were added to the surfaces at the ends of the weld elements to guarantee connectivity between
the weld elements and the shell mesh that will be created on the surfaces.
Press F12 to go to the Automesh panel, or click Mesh > Create > Automesh.
2.
3.
Click on surfs >> by collector. Place a check next to Front_Truss_1 and Front_Truss_2 and click
select.
4.
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64
5.
6.
Ensure the toggle is set to elems to surf comp. (It currently may be elems to current comp.)
7.
8.
9.
Click the Zoom icon to zoom into the area with a connector and see how the fixed point created from
the weld has ensured the mesh seeding passes through the weld.
Step 4: Create connectors between the shell mesh for the front trusses and the
reinforcement plate at pre-defined points
Perform the following steps to create and realize the connectors manually.
1.
Set the current component collector to Con_Truss_Plate by right-clicking on it in the Model Browser
and selecting Make Current.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click points >> by collector. Place a check next to Con_Truss_Plate and click select.
6.
7.
In the top connect what: field, click comps and select the following components:
Front_Truss_1
Front_Truss_2
Reinf_Plate
8.
9.
The connectors are organized into the current component collector Con_Truss_Plate.
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elements
1.
2.
Click connectors >> by collector. Place a check next to Con_Truss_Plate and click select.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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66
Second, you will weld the two left rails to each other and to the two front trusses depicted in the image
below. Do this as follows: 1) duplicate and reflect the connectors that were created by importing the master
connectors file, 2) update the link information for the reflected connectors, and 3) realize the connectors into
LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.
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Third, you will combine adjacent 2T connectors into 3T connectors in order to update adjacent 2T welds to 3T
welds.
From the Preferences menu, click User Profiles, or click the User Profiles icon.
2.
Select LsDyna.
2.
Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation,
zooming, etc.).
Step 3: Create connectors to connect the right rails to each other and to the front
trusses by importing a master connectors file
1.
2.
3.
In the File: field, browse to find the file rails_frt_truss.mwf in the tutorial directory.
4.
5.
Click Close.
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Step 4: Realize the connectors in the component, CE_Locations, into LS-DYNA 100
Mat100 (beam) welds
1.
Set the current component collector to CE_Locations by right-clicking on it in the Model Browser and
selecting Make Current.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click realize to realize the selected connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.
8.
9.
Notice the welds are organized into the following new component collectors in the Model Browser:
C_^_1_7_BEAM_100
C_^_6_7_BEAM_100
C_^_2_7_BEAM_100
C_^_1_6_BEAM_100
where the naming convention for these components is C_^_[id of comp 1]_[id of comp 2].
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Step 5: Verify materials were automatically created when the LS-DYNA 100 Mat100
(beam) welds were created
1.
In the Model Browser, open the Material folder and notice several materials (IDs 8 through 11) were
automatically created when the LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds were created. The naming
convention for them is M_^_[id of comp 1]_[id of comp 2]. One material is created for every
two components that are connected.
2.
3.
4.
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Step 6: Verify that properties were automatically created when the LS-DYNA 100
Mat100 (beam) welds were created
1.
In the Model Browser, open the Property folder and notice several properties (IDs 6 through 9) were
automatically created when the LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds were created. The naming
convention for them is P_^_[id of comp 1]_[id of comp 2]. One property is created for every
two components that are connected.
2.
3.
Select Card Edit. Notice the card image is set to SectBeam (*SECTION_BEAM) and that only default
values are specified for the propertys parameters.
4.
Step 7: Verify that a contact was automatically created when the LS-DYNA 100
Mat100 (beam) welds were created
1.
2.
Right-click on C_Spotweld_1.
3.
Click Card Edit. Notice the card image is set to ContactSpotweld (*CONTACT_SPOTWELD_ID).
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2.
Select Show.
Step 9: Duplicate the connectors created from the master connectors file and
reflect them
1.
Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Component.
2.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click x =.
to reflect about.
The fields for x =, y =, and z = are activated. By default their value is 0.000, which is the base point you
want to reflect about.
10. Click return to go back to the Reflect panel.
11. Click reflect to reflect the connectors.
12. Click return to close the panel.
Step 10: Update the connectors for the left rails to link them to the left rail
components
1.
2.
Open the mat 100 folder that contains the connectors in the model with material mat100.
You will see the reflected connectors which are unrealized and are shown as yellow in the Connector
Browser.
3.
Left_Rail_1
Right_Rail_2
Left_Rail_2
4.
Right click on the Connector Browser to display the context menu and pick Update Links.
5.
6.
In the table, in the Search column, for the Link Type field, select comps.
7.
In the table, in the Search column, click on the Link Select field.
8.
In the panel area, click the yellow component button and select the component Right_Rail_1.
9.
Click proceed.
10. In the table, in the Replace column, for the Link Type field, select comps.
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11. In the table, in the Replace column, click on the Link Select field.
12. In the panel area, click the yellow component button and select the component Left_Rail_1.
13. Click proceed.
14. Click Update in the Connector Browser.
15. Repeat steps 6 through 14, finding the component Right_Rail_2 and replacing it with the Left_Rail_2
component.
16. Scroll through the list of unrealized connectors in the table to make sure none are linked to the
Right_Rail components.
17. To realize the connectors, right click on the selected components in the Connector Browser and click
Rerealize.
Step 11: Verify that all connectors are realized and identify the pairs of adjacent
connectors
All the connectors listed in the Connector Browser are realized and the color of the connector icon is
switched from yellow to green.
Notice that the State column indicates that all of the connectors are realized.
1.
Zoom into one of the two areas where the front trusses are connected to the rail components.
2.
3.
4.
Under Color by, activate the option Layer. Notice that 2t (two thickness) is purple.
Notice the connectors in the graphics area are now colored purple. This means each of these connectors
links two components.
Because the pairs of adjacent connectors create a series of two weld elements, you can combine each
pair into a single connector, which links the three components together.
5.
Step 12: Isolate the pairs of adjacent, 2t connectors identified in the previous step
1.
Using the Model Browser, turn off the display of geometry for all components.
2.
3.
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Right click on the selected connectors in the Connector Browser and click Unrealize.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click return.
Step 15: Realize the 3t connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds and
organize them into the component Con_Frt_Truss
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click return.
Step 16 (Optional):
The exercise is complete. Save your work as a HyperMesh file.
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In this exercise, LS-DYNA 101 Mat100 (hexa) welds already connect the rear trusses to each other. You will
update the weld type to LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds. Do this as follows: 1) create connectors from
the existing LS-DYNA 101 Mat100 (hexa) welds, and 2) realize the connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100
(beam) welds.
From the Preferences menu, click User Profiles, or click the User Profiles icon.
2.
Select LsDyna.
2.
Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation,
zooming, etc.).
Step 3: Create connectors from existing LS-DYNA 101 Mat100 (hexa) welds
1.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Step 4: Isolate the 2t connectors between the Rear_Truss_2 component and the
Right_Rail_2 and Left_Rail_2 components
1.
2.
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Step 5: Add Rear_Truss_1 as a third link to four of the ten displayed 2t connectors
1.
In the Model Browser, right-click on the Rear_Truss_2, Left_Rail_2 and Right_Rail_2 components
and select Show.
2.
3.
4.
With the connectors selector active, select the four connectors indicated in the image below.
5.
For connect what: click comps and select the component Rear_Truss_1.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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Step 6: Unrealize the connectors for the LS-DYNA 101 Mat100 (hexa) welds
1.
Using the Model Browser, turn on the display of the geometry for only the following components:
C_^_6_11_HEX
C_^_7_11_HEX
C_^_8_11_HEX
C_^_9_11_HEX
C_^_10_11_HEX
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Notice the displayed connectors are now colored yellow to indicate that they are not realized into FE
elements.
7.
Click Close.
Step 7: Realize the unrealized connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click return.
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affected connections (welds). Do this as follows: 1) update the connectors to use the "use name" rule, 2)
delete the old part, 3) import the new part, and 4) realize the corresponding connectors into LS-DYNA 100
Mat100 (beam) welds.
From the Preferences menu, click User Profiles, or click the User Profiles icon.
2.
Select LsDyna.
2.
Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation,
zooming, etc.).
Step 3: Import the new model and update the connectors to use the rule "use
name" when reconnecting parts
1.
2.
Right click on the connector table to activate the context menu. Click on Configure Browser and
activate Extended information on the Options tab to edit connector attributes.
3.
4.
5.
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6.
7.
Right-click on the component Rear_Truss_1 and select Find from the context menu. In the display you
will only see the component Rear_Truss_1 and the connector attached to it. Also, the corresponding
connectors are highlighted in Connector Browser.
8.
Right click in the Connector Browser to display the context menu and select Update Link. The
Update table appears in the Connector Browser.
9.
2.
3.
Click the yellow comps button and select the component Rear_Truss_1.
4.
5.
Click return.
6.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
6.
Click return.
From the Preferences menu, click User Profiles, or click the User Profiles icon.
2.
Select LsDyna.
2.
Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation,
zooming, etc.)
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click realize to realize the selected connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.
6.
Notice in the status bar the message "257 connectors realized (9 failed)".
Step 4: Review the information table listing the connectors that failed to realize and
determine the reasons for failure
1.
2.
4.
Notice the following in the table for the five connectors with IDs 96, 155, 223, 261 and 262 are in red.
In the Layer column, 2 layers are specified.
In the Link1 and Link2 columns, a link is defined.
Because the number of layers and links that were defined match, a possible cause for the connectors
not realizing is a small projection tolerance.
5.
Notice the following in the table for the four connectors with IDs 152, 153, 154 and 156.
In the Layer column, 3 layers are specified.
In the Link1 column, a link is defined.
In the Link2 column, no link is defined.
There is no Link3 column with the third link definitions.
Because the numbers of layers and links do not match, the likely cause for the connectors not realizing
is undefined link definitions.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click realize to realize the selected connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.
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6.
Notice in the message bar the message "5 connectors realized (4 failed)".
7.
Stay in the Spot panel, realize subpanel for the next step.
Step 6: Define the missing second link for the failed connectors
1.
Select the unrealized connectors that are in the red in the Connector Browser.
2.
Right-click and pick Add Link from context menu. The Add link table appears in the bottom of the
browser.
3.
4.
5.
Click on the Link Select cell. Use the panel to select the component Comp2.
6.
Click Add.
Step 7: Define the missing third link for the failed connectors
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click realize to realize the selected connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.
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6.
7.
8.
Notice all the connectors appear and are colored green. All of them are realized into FE elements.
Go to HyperMesh Tutorials
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Tools
The ALE setup panel can be accessed from the Analysis page.
The ALE setup panel allows you to create and modify input data pertaining to the Arbitrary-LagrangianEulerian LS-DYNA capability.
The Card Edit feature can be accessed by clicking the card edit icon
The Card Edit panel allows you to select the entities that are viewed in the card image subpanel. The card
images are defined in the template file.
The control cards feature can be accessed by:
On the Setup menu, click Create and select Control Cards
On the Analysis page, click control cards
The Control Cards panel allows you to set job-level, solver specific data. The available control cards are
defined in the template file.
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Exercise: Define Model Data for the Ink Cartridge Drop Analysis
The purpose for this exercise is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA cards for related to the
ALE capability.
This exercise comprises of setting up the model data for an LS-DYNA analysis of an ink cartridge falling
through air and onto ground. The ink and ground model is shown in the image below.
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last constraint is necessary for symmetry reasons since the model has been simplified.
Gravity load along the negative Y direction is applied to the entire model. A curve defining the force versus
time function is defined to fully create a gravity load.
2.
Click File > Open > Model and browse to the file cartridge.hm.
2.
In the Model Browser, expand the Component folder. Notice the model is broken up into 4 collectors:
AIR, CARTRIDGE, INK, and PLATFORM.
3.
Use the Model Browser or the Solver Browser to review the defined materials and properties.
Step 3: Update the *SECTION_SOLID card used by the ALE components INK and
AIR to *SECTION_SOLID_ALE
1.
Right click in the Model Browser on the property SOLID PROP FOR ALE and pick Card Edit.
2.
3.
4.
Click View > Browsers > HyperMesh > Solver to open the Solver Browser, if not already open.
2.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *EOS > *EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In the Model Browser, right click on the INK component and click Card Edit.
2.
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3.
4.
Step 6: Define *INITIAL_VOID_PART to define the AIR component as the void in the
fluid interaction
1.
Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *INITIAL_VOID.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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9.
10. Stay in the ALE setup panel for the next step.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
With the comps selector active, select the components INK and AIR.
8.
9.
Step 9: Review the pre-defined *CONTROL_ALE card and export the model to an
LS-DYNA 971 formatted input file
1.
2.
Click CONTROL_ALE.
3.
4.
5.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
Click Export.
From the desktops Start menu, open the LS-DYNA Manager program.
2.
3.
4.
Go to HyperMesh Tutorials
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A spherical joint consists of two coincident nodes. During analysis, the two coincident nodes are
forced to remain coincident but the bodies attached to each coincident node are allowed to rotate
freely about the joint location.
Step 1: Select the LS-DYNA profile and load the Keyword 971 template
1.
Upon opening, HyperMesh prompts you to select a user profile. Select the LS-DYNA profile.
2.
Once the LS-DYNA profile is selected, the template drop down menu becomes activated. Select the
Keyword 971 template.
3.
Click OK.
2.
3.
Click Open.
4.
To view the model in its entirety, click F on the keyboard to fit the model to the screen.
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According to the LS-DYNA specification, a joint needs to reference a pair of coincident nodes. The creation
of this element requires the selection of coincident nodes. Do this by activating the coincident node picking
option in HyperMesh. When activated, any attempt to select a coincident node will present you with a
selection circle identifying the coincident node ID.
1.
2.
3.
Click return.
In the Model Browser, expand the Component folder to display it's contents.
2.
2.
3.
Left click once on a node in the center of both tori to bring up the coincident node picking window (see
figure below).
There are two nodes in the window, node 598 and node 1.
4.
While holding down the left mouse button, drag the cursor over the node labeled 598.
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6.
Repeat the last three steps, but select node 1 from the coincident node picking window instead of node
598.
7.
8.
Click return.
Note:
A revolute joint consists of four nodes, two sets of two coincident nodes. During analysis, all four
of the revolute joints nodes remain at the same location with respect to each other. The bodies
attached to the nodes are free to rotate about the axis that lies along the length of the revolute
joint.
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
Left click once on a node at the center of one of the rigid link elements to bring up the coincident node
picking window (see figure below).
5.
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Click at the same node location again and select the node attached to the orange rigid link element.
7.
Repeat the previous three steps on the opposing pair of blue and orange rigid link elements (see figure
below).
8.
Click create.
9.
Click return.
See also:
FE Joints panel in the HyperMesh Panels online help.
2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
3.
Click Open.
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The time step associated to an element is related to its geometric characteristic and to its material
properties such as density and young modulus. For this reason a material and a valid template need to be
associated to the elements. The time step is dependent upon the user profile, so you may want to load a
different profile to see how results may change.
2.
3.
4.
Click return.
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Dummy positioning
The Dummy Positioning panel can be found on the Analysis page and choosing the Safety panel. The
Dummy Positioning panel is used to position any dummy model that contains a component hierarchy (a.k.
a. tree structure) defined in HyperMesh. The dynakey and pamcrash import translators can build the tree
structure automatically when importing supported dummy model files.
H-Point sub-panel
2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
3.
Click Open.
Step 3: Turn off all entities except components and set the component display to
shaded only
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1.
2.
3.
From the Analysis page, click the Safety panel and then select the Dummy panel.
4.
5.
6.
x = -1.280
y = 0.350
z = 0.284
The tab key can be used to cycle through the number fields.
7.
8.
Under rotate: set the N1, N2, N3 vector selection to y-axis and set increment = 24.00.
9.
10. Click rotate- to see the negative rotation about the y-axis.
Incremental sub-panel
2.
3.
Select any element in the lower left leg. HyperMesh follows the model hierarchy up to the previous joint
in the knee and down to the end of the hierarchy through the foot.
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4.
In the y rot row, click the <, decrement five times to change the rotation of the left knee to -25.0 degrees.
5.
Select any element in the lower right leg and click the <, decrement, next to y rot row five times to
change the rotation of the right knee to -25.0 degrees.
6.
Repeat this exercise to set the shoulders y rot to -40.0, elbows y rot to -65.0, and wrists x rot to +/10.0.
7.
Click return.
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Seatbelt 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
From the Analysis page, select the Safety panel, then the belt routing subpanel.
6.
Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the yellow retractor element (see figure,
Seatbelt 1, below).
7.
Select the upper, red slipring for the to node selection box (see figure).
8.
Click mesh. When components for the wrap around: selection have not been specified, HyperMesh
creates straight belt segments between the from node and to node.
9.
Click return.
Step 6: Create shoulder belt segments that wrap around the torso
Seatbelt 2
1.
99
Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the upper, red slipring element (see
figure).
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2.
Select the lower, red slipring element for the to node selection box (see figure).
3.
Activate the comps selection box and select the components that compose the torso area.
4.
Click the comps entity selection box twice to bring up the Component List panel.
5.
Click the comps entity selection box in the Component List panel to bring up the extended selection
window.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click return.
10. Click the toggle next to 1D to set it to 2D/1D to create a combination of linear and plate belt elements.
11. Enter the following values:
belt width = 0.03
from side endlength = 0.10
to side endlength = 0.01
gap = 0.005
12. Click place 1D elements in twice and select the seatbelts_linear collector containing linear element
properties.
13. Click place 2D elements in twice and select the seatbelts_shell collector containing shell element
properties.
14. Click orient to create the belt line and enter belt orientation mode. Two red and one green belt segments
are displayed. The red segments represent the belt line between the connection points and the first
point of contact on the dummy. The green segment is in contact with the dummy.
15. Adjust the segments by clicking on a segment to activate it, then while holding in the left mouse button,
drag the mouse up and down to adjust the segments orientation about its endpoints. The easiest way
to adjust the belt line is to adjust the two end segments rather than the center green segment.
16. When the belt is properly oriented, click mesh to enter the mesh model.
17. Adjust the belt densities in the mesh module as needed then click return to leave the mesh module.
Note
Click the toggle in the panel area of the mesh module to switch between a tria and rigid element
transition between the shell and linear elements.
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1.
Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the top of the constraint on the floor (see
figure).
2.
Keep the lower, red element at the buckle as the to node (see figure).
3.
Click reset
4.
Next you will select the components that compose the lap. Click the comps entity selection box to bring
up the Component List panel.
5.
Click the comps entity selection box in the Component List panel to bring up the entity selection
window.
6.
7.
Activate the checkboxes next to the lower torso, upper left leg, and upper right leg assemblies.
8.
9.
10. Click orient to create the belt line and enter belt orientation mode. Two red and one green belt
segments are displayed. The red segments represent the belt line between the connection points and
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the first point of contact on the dummy. The green segment is in contact with the dummy.
11. Adjust the segments by clicking on a segment to activate it, then while holding in the left mouse button,
drag the mouse up and down to adjust the segments orientation about its endpoints. The easiest way
to adjust the belt line is to adjust the two end segments rather than the center green segment.
12. When the belt is properly oriented, click mesh to enter the mesh model.
13. Adjust the belt densities in the mesh module as needed, and then click return to leave the Seatbelt
Mesh panel.
Seatbelt 3
2.
3.
4.
5.
From the Analysis page, select the Safety panel, then the control vol subpanel.
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6.
7.
8.
Click review.
9.
Select cv1 from the control volume list to display this control volumes design state in the HyperMesh
GUI window.
next to view2.
10. Click return to leave the control vol panel. The display of the control volume will be set back to its
initial state.
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