Lab practical info and types of questions

I . Suggestions for studying

Plan on approximately 20- 25 microscopes and 20-25 pictures from online
material

Note: The questions on the lab practical will cover glass slides of
pharyngeal arch derivatives, slides of the cranioskeleton, salivary glands
and oral mucosa. Additionally the corresponding online material for the
nasal cavity and TMJ are also included. Note there were only a few glass
slides for the nasal cavity and larynx and none for the TMJ see below for
approximate breakdown
***** It may be helpful to review the gross anatomical pictures as well as
the histological slides for the corresponding area
*******It may be helpful to look over the lab questions that you did in lab
and the demonstration questions handout during lab this may help you
identify possible second ordered questions as well as straight ID questions
******In addition if there are questions listed on the online slides/or lab
handouts it may be helpful to know the answers to them

II.

Topics covered on lab practical I

Histology of tongue; taste buds; tonsils, thymus, thyroid (9-10) --review glass slides be ready for ID the tissue section as well as specific
structures ; review online slides

Histology of nose and larynx (mainly online slides only) ( 6-8) note we do
have a few glass slide demos of the nose and larynx to use for reference
and review

Histology of TMJ (online pictures only ) (3-4)

Histology of developing cranioskeleton and palate (10-12) review glass

slides look at the stages of palatal development and bones , types of
sutures, growth cartilages , examples of bones ; review online slides

Histology of oral mucosa, lips, adult palate ( 10 -12) Review glass slides
be prepared for ID the tissue section be specific about the region; ID
specific structures, types of muocsa ect

Histology of salivary glands ( 8-9) review glass slides be prepared for ID

the tissue section; identify the types of ducts, acinar cells ect. I will not
ask about myoepithelial cells
****note most of the glass slides listed in your lab handouts for the
tongue/PA derivatives/oral mucosa /salivary glands and cranioskeleton lab
are in your slide boxes however some of them may not be great slides.

****In addition to the slides in your slide boxes, the slides used in class for
group work and demos are also available for review and are located in the
lab THEY SHOULD STAY IN THE LAB AND NOT BE REMOVED THEY ARE IN
THE MICROSCOPE CABINET labeled as Class Slide box

III. Types of questions

Note the following terms and phrases may be used in questions on the practical
Id the tissue section = you will be able to move the section may say be specific or be
specific about the region from which the section was taken
Give the Developmental origin/precursor for the tissue shown by the pointer =
be specific this is more of a second ordered questions

This questions is asking for the specific portion of pharyngeal arch, pouch, cleft or
floor ( dorsal 3rd pouch)
Or if applicable it may refer to the Frontonasal region (Be specific about the part of
FN region just FN will not be enough ---use lateral nasal, medial nasal, intermaxillary
etc. )
Alternative phrasing : It may ask you to give the name of developmental
precursors if so then use the specific name (i.e. lateral lingual swellings,
hypobranchial eminence , lateral palatal shelves ect. --- lateral nasal, intermaxillary
fall into this category as well)

Give the adult remnant for the structure shown by the pointer this is considered
second order
This question refers to the fact that many of the structures we are studying develop into an
adult structure. Therefore you may see the embryonic precursor ( lateral palatal shelves)
and I am asking for the structure found in the adult
i.e lateral palatal shelves differentiate into the secondary palate ; meckels differentiates
into several adult structures such as the malleus etc.
Give the Portion of cranioskeleton : (Be specific ) considered second ordered
This is referring to one of four parts of the cranioskeleton:

i.e cartilaginous or membranous viscerocranium / cartilaginous or membranous

neurocranium
Always be specific and include cartilaginous or membranous and then
viscerocranium or neurocranium

Give the anatomical name for a bone or structure shown by the pointer: second
ordered

i.e sphenoid bone, sphenoid sinus, perpendicular plate of ethmoid etc.

Give the (Embryonic) germ layer second order you should consider one of the
following as a potential answer
= ectoderm, Paraxial mesoderm, L. plate mesoderm, endoderm, or ectomesenchyme
(neural crest + mesoderm)
ID type of Mucosa = epithelium + lamina propria (CT) * typically names for region it
covers

note the type of epithelium may vary within the various regions of the mucosa masticatory
Types of mucosa we have studied thus far are associated with the oral
cavity(tongue); nasal cavity; layrnx
Tongue mucosa (Be specific ) refers - includes lining &, specialized you
should know where these types of mucosa are found on the tongue ; i.e lining
mucosa recognized by SSNK + CT and is found in floor of the mouth, ventral
tongue
nasal mucosa lines the nasal cavity= types includes respiratory and
olfactory you should recognize where these two types of mucosa are
distributed throughout the nasal cavity
pharyngeal/laryngeal mucosa lines the pharynx or larynx = for region
nasopharynx and most of larynx except vocal folds most of the mucosa in this
region is associated with respiratory /PSCC epithelium +CT and looks similar to
that found in nasal cavity/sinus

ID the Type of Epithelium --(be specific) note this is a different question than type of
mucosa here I am just looking for the type of epithelium shown in field of view. Note most
epithelium is SSNK; SSK or otherwise PSCC
Id the type of tissue shown by pointer Be specific (= start with deciding if it is CT,
cartilage, bone, epithelium, muscle, nervousthen be specific --- i.e Loose CT, PSCC
epithelium )
Id type CT or cartilage ( DRCT; elastic cartilage remember all 3 types of
Cartilage are on this practical) - hyaline (nasal septum, thyroid cartilage,
cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cart), fibrocartilage (2 pts of TMJ), elastic cart
(epiglottis,)
Id the type of cell be specific (serous acinar cells , chondrocyte, osteoblasts,
osteoclast, parafollicular, chief cells etc. )
Id the structure ( mucous glands, sinuses, Meckels, condyle, epithelial reticular cells,
canaliculi on dry ground; lacunae surrounding chondrocyte or osteocyte; types of lingual

papilla; taste buds; taste pore (I will probably phrase this as give the name for the
aperture/opening )
variation : give the name of the structure--- labial glands, palatine glands,
hassals corpuscles, articular disc, vomer bone, thyroid cartilage, etc.)
ID the zones (of cartilage) -i.e resting zone etc
Name the CT layer i.e Periosteum / perichondrium
*********************************************
Additional Types of Second Ordered questions -

plan on 12- 15 questions

Germ layers (see above)

Developmental origin/precursor (see above) i.e parts of pharyngeal arch pouch, ect;
hypobranchial eminence; parts of frontonasal )
Anatomical name for structure or bone (see above) i.e frontal bone , nasal concha
auditory tube, pharyngeal tonsil
Classify the type of suture ( synchondroses, syndesmoses- be specific : serrated,
simple, squamousal)
Innervation to a region ( i.e nerve that provides motor innervation to the tongue) Be
specific --- give the name for the branch of the cranial nerve that provides innervation to
this region ( infraorbital nerve of trigeminal (V2); I could ask about taste (SVA) ; pain/temp
general sensation (GSA); motor (SVE if PA otherwise GSE) or autonomic (GVE) this would
be for glands
Give the mechanism of ossification that is occurring in the region of the pointer
( endochondral vs intramembranous) = cartilage (zones) vs. spicules
Give the mechanism of growth that is occurring in the region of the pointer
(appositional vs interstitial ) periphery vs. clusters in center (cartilage)
What is the type secretion or what type of product is secreted ( serous, mucous,
hormone )
Where would you find the suture shown be specific : i.e. what part of the skull
cartilaginous neurocranium