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INGENIERA ELCTRICA
Facultad de Ingeniera Elctrica y
Electrnica
`
2013-II
MQUINAS ELCTRICAS II
MQUINAS ASNCRONAS
Docentes:
Ing. Luis Rojas Miranda
Integrantes:
Robinson Ponce F.
20104017A
Fredy Torres C.
20091153D
Jason Iturrizaga P.
Lima, PERU
20102117I
10/12/2013
Mquina Asncrona
Caractersticas del motor asncrono o de Induccin:
Datos:
POTENCIA
4.8 HP
TENSIN
220 V
POLOS
2 polos
FRECUENCIA
60 HZ
ENSAYO EN VACIO
Vo (V)
250 V
240 V
230 V
220 V
210 V
200 V
180 V
160 V
140 V
Io (A)
6.3 A
5.67 A
5.01 A
4.5 A
4.08 A
3.68 A
3.2 A
2.72 A
2.33 A
Po(W)
410 W
370 W
330 W
300 W
280 W
265 W
240 W
220 W
200 W
ENSAYO DE CORTOCIRCUITO
Vcc (V)
50.4 V
Icc (A)
13.6 A
Pcc (W)
578 W
y la reactancia
(23)
0.81995
=
= 0.409975
2
2
Esta prueba fue realizada a la temperatura de 23C, por lo que habr que realizar una
conversin a la temperatura de operacin 75C
(75)
235 + 75
.
235 + 23 1
1
(75)
(23)
= (1.20155) (0.409975)
= 0.500363189
(75)
CALCULO DE PERDIDAS
Vo^2
62500
57600
52900
48400
44100
40000
32400
25600
19600
Pmec
Pmec+Pfe1
350.4218 W
321.7416 W
292.3225 W
269.6029 W
255.0123 W
244.6716 W
224.6288 W
208.8943 W
191.8507 W
112.5670936
3
Potencia P0 (W)
350.0000 W
300.0000 W
250.0000 W
200.0000 W
150.0000 W
100.0000 W
50.0000 W
0.0000 W
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
220
3 4.5
= + 1 =
= 28.226
= 3.08531
3 2
= 1 = 2.58495
Mediante medios mecnicos se consigue retener el rotor de tal manera que este no gire. El
circuito en la prueba de rotor bloqueado o cortocircuito se ve simplificado:
= 0
=1
La componente
y como la corriente que absorbe la maquina es grande
comparada con la rama de excitacin podemos despreciar dicha rama.
= 1 + 2, =
1 = 0.50036
= 2.13959
3 = 1.0416
2
2, = 0.541303
= 0.934449
2
= 1 = 27.1224
El circuito T resultante:
MQUINAS ELCTRICAS II | MQUINAS ASNCRONAS
CIRCUITO T
EQUIVALENTE
r1=
rm=
r2'=
x1=
xm=
x2'=
Columna1
0.500
2.585
0.541
0.934
27.122
0.934
De la ecuacin:
Pero 1 =
1 =
= + 1 =
=
3 2
1
3 2
I10
6.3
5.67
5.01
4.5
4.08
3.68
3.2
2.72
2.33
P0-Pmec
297.43291
257.43291
217.43291
187.43291
167.43291
152.43291
127.43291
107.43291
87.432906
r0
2.49797
2.66917
2.88754
3.08532
3.35274
3.75199
4.14821
4.84037
5.36836
Rm
1.9976
2.16881
2.38718
2.58495
2.85237
3.25163
3.64784
4.34
4.868
7
Luego:
= 1 + = ()2 ()2
= (
)2 (
2
) 1
3 2
V10
144.338
138.564
132.791
127.017
121.244
115.47
103.923
92.376
80.829
I10
6.3
5.67
5.01
4.5
4.08
3.68
3.2
2.72
2.33
Zo
22.9107
24.4381
26.5051
28.226
29.7166
31.3777
32.476
33.9618
34.6906
x0
22.7741
24.2919
26.3473
28.0569
29.5268
31.1526
32.2099
33.6151
34.2727
xm
21.8397
23.3575
25.4129
27.1224
28.5924
30.2182
31.2755
32.6806
33.3382
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
2
1 = 2 +
3 21
=
3. 2 1
3 1 2
1
1
=
+
,
1
=
Zeq
21.9309
23.4579
25.5248
27.2453
28.7343
30.3926
31.4875
32.9675
33.6918
3 1 2 =
I10
6.3
5.67
5.01
4.5
4.08
3.68
3.2
2.72
2.33
=
1
1
2
231
3.
1
E1
138.164
133.006
127.879
122.604
117.236
111.845
100.76
89.6717
78.5018
rM
240.77
253.722
272.922
287.165
289.464
284.076
271.794
250.428
233.183
xM
22.0224
23.5588
25.6371
27.3688
28.8769
30.568
31.701
33.257
34.049
rM=
xM=
287,165
27,369
10
220
3
2.58495 + 27.1224
= 122.591 + 1.7785
0.50036 + 0.9344 + 2.5895 + 27.1224
= 0.5413 + 0.934449 +
=1.0115 + 1.84334
0.541
3
2
0.541
1
2
2
2 2
122.591 + 1.7785
1.01115 + 1.8433 +
0.541
11
I'2
T
0,01 2,24420825
0,02 4,44271352
0,03 6,58990006
0,04 8,68101011
0,045 9,70428456
0,052974 11,3041572
0,06 12,6802332
0,07 14,5830072
0,08 16,4189303
0,09 18,1871411
0,1 19,8873806
0,15 27,3929425
0,2 33,3844307
0,25 38,1253664
0,28484 40,8320284
0,3 41,8810935
0,35 44,8768237
0,4 47,2898218
0,45 49,2549322
0,5 50,8733777
0,6 53,3547951
0,7 55,1437285
0,8 56,4790447
0,9 57,5055532
1 58,3145575
I1
RPM
2,169488047 2,333160834
3564
4,251063356 4,618807191
3528
6,235443592 6,851100707
3492
8,115429061 9,025095066
3456
9,014579758 10,08892855
3438
10,39069421 11,75221458
3409,2936
11,54341169 13,18283342
3384
13,08660795 15,1610267
3348
14,51545606 17,06971943
3312
15,83132696 18,90801597
3276
17,03672549 20,67564704
3240
21,54850111 28,4787032
3060
24,00429226 34,70767303
2880
25,04488242 39,63652294
2700
25,21342736 42,45046753
2574,576
25,18521853 43,54111396
2520
24,78603909 46,65558443
2340
24,08276332 49,1642254
2160
23,22297695 51,20722592
1980
22,29677728 52,88982094
1800
20,43744568 55,46959305
1440
18,71221369 57,32943358
1080
17,17574766 58,71767701
720
15,82734305 59,78487275
360
14,64822231 60,62594314
0
= 60.625
= 14.64822
12
13
3.2 Las caractersticas de operacin del motor: Potencia consumida (P1), Corriente
(I1), Factor de potencia cos, Eficiencia h, Deslizamiento (s) como funciones del
porcentaje de carga en el eje (P2)
A plena carga calcularemos el deslizamiento nominal ( ):
3580,8W
3 2,585 (1 )(2 )2
= + +
= 0.5% ,
= 1.005 +
2
3711.27 =
3 0.541 (1 )
122.591 + 1.7785
= 0.052974
2 =
1
1.01115 + 1.8433 + 0.541
|2 | = 11.304
14
0.5 + 0.934 +
0.541
+0.934
0.050674
0.541
2.585 +27.122 +
+0.934
0.050674
(2.585 +27.122)
|1 | = 12.4174
La potencia de entrada:
= 31 = 3
220
(10.873 + 5.8814) = 1 + 1
3
1 = 4210.66
Caculo de la eficiencia:
El factor de potencia:
2
= 0.85041
1
MQUINAS ELCTRICAS II | MQUINAS ASNCRONAS
15
cos = cos(tan1 )
cos = 0.88989
%P2=
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
150
P2
0.00
179.04
358.08
537.12
716.16
895.20
1074.24
1253.28
1432.32
1611.36
1790.40
1969.44
2148.48
2327.52
2506.56
2685.60
2864.64
3043.68
3222.72
3401.76
3580.80
3759.84
3938.88
4117.92
4296.96
4476.00
4655.04
4834.08
5013.12
5371.20
s
0.00136
0.00354
0.00576
0.00801
0.01028
0.01259
0.01494
0.01732
0.01974
0.0222
0.024705
0.027258
0.029861
0.032517
0.035231
0.038005
0.040845
0.043757
0.046744
0.049814
0.052974
0.056232
0.059597
0.063079
0.066691
0.070447
0.074364
0.078462
0.082766
0.092116
I'2
0.3068
0.8002
1.2979
1.8002
2.3069
2.8187
3.3355
3.8577
4.3857
4.9197
5.4597
6.0065
6.5604
7.1217
7.691
8.2685
8.855
9.4513
10.058
10.675
11.304
11.946
12.602
13.273
13.961
14.667
15.392
16.141
16.915
18.553
I1
4.53301
4.62827
4.7741
4.96741
5.20412
5.4802
5.79121
6.13336
6.50328
6.89779
7.31428
7.75106
8.20633
8.67873
9.16753
9.67167
10.1909
10.7253
11.2742
11.8381
12.4174
13.0124
13.6239
14.2527
14.9
15.5671
16.2558
16.9682
17.707
19.2766
P1
303.866
490.338
676.895
863.291
1049.39
1235.59
1422.04
1609.17
1797.37
1986.81
2177.7
2370.43
2565.08
2761.8
2960.84
3162.19
3366.11
3572.82
3782.3
3994.85
4210.66
4429.95
4652.96
4879.94
5111.26
5347.28
5588.47
5835.34
6088.57
6617.21
0
0.36514
0.529
0.62218
0.68245
0.72451
0.75542
0.77884
0.7969
0.81103
0.82215
0.83084
0.83759
0.84275
0.84657
0.84928
0.85102
0.8519
0.85205
0.85154
0.85041
0.84873
0.84653
0.84385
0.84069
0.83706
0.83297
0.82841
0.82337
0.8117
cos
0.17592
0.27803
0.37209
0.45608
0.52918
0.59169
0.64441
0.68853
0.72531
0.7559
0.78135
0.80257
0.82029
0.83513
0.84758
0.85803
0.86682
0.87421
0.88041
0.88559
0.88989
0.89343
0.89628
0.89853
0.90024
0.90145
0.9022
0.9025
0.90238
0.90087
16
17
1 = 1 +
1 = 1 1 = 0.518
2 = 1 2 2 =0.579
1 = 1 1 =0.967
2 = 1 2 2 =1.000
= + 1 =3.085
= + 1 =28.057
1
0.967
=1+
= 1.0344
28.057
CIRCUITO L
EQUIVALENTE
R1=
Rm=
R2'=
X1=
Xm=
Columna1
0.518l
3.085l
0.579l
0.967l
28.057l
18
1.000l
X2'=
=3.085+28.057
La potencia de entrada:
= 3. . 1 = 1 + 1
1 = 4922.63
La eficiencia:
=
2
= 0.727
1
Factor de potencia:
cos = cos(tan1 )
cos = 0.859
19
s
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,045
0,052974
0,06
0,07
0,08
0,09
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,28484178
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
I"2
2,1722
4,2990
6,3754
8,3967
9,3855
10,9311
12,2603
14,0977
15,8701
17,5768
19,2176
26,4589
32,2398
36,8168
39,4319
40,4459
43,3437
45,6804
47,5855
49,1563
51,5682
53,3103
54,6129
55,6158
56,4071
T
2,1749
4,2596
6,2451
8,1247
9,0230
10,3973
11,5479
13,0873
14,5118
15,8230
17,0236
21,5132
23,9556
24,9922
25,1620
25,1350
24,7420
24,0465
23,1947
22,2761
20,4299
18,7145
17,1852
15,8418
14,6663
RPM
I1
3564 5,2685
3528 6,7462
3492 8,5303
3456 10,4264
3438 11,3874
3409,29 12,9186
3384 14,2557
3348 16,1263
3312 17,9480
3276 19,7136
3240 21,4189
3060 29,0006
2880 35,0871
2700 39,9153
2574,57 42,6757
2520 43,7462
2340 46,8055
2160 49,2722
1980 51,2828
1800 52,9400
1440 55,4835
1080 57,3193
720 58,6909
360 59,7462
0 60,5785
20
Graficando:
0,850
0,727
0,1230 14,463%
cos
0,890
0,859
0,0312
3,511%
21
Columna1
Karr
Kia
Kmax
L
1,4097
5,1587
1,7213
%P2=
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
P2
0.00
179.04
358.08
537.12
716.16
895.20
1074.24
1253.28
1432.32
1611.36
1790.40
1969.44
2148.48
2327.52
2506.56
2685.60
2864.64
3043.68
3222.72
3401.76
3580.80
3759.84
3938.88
4117.92
4296.96
4476.00
4655.04
S
0.00136
0.00354
0.00576
0.00801
0.01028
0.01259
0.01494
0.01732
0.01974
0.0222
0.024705
0.027258
0.029861
0.032517
0.035231
0.038005
0.040845
0.043757
0.046744
0.049814
0.052974
0.056232
0.059597
0.063079
0.066691
0.070447
0.074364
I'2
0.3068
0.8002
1.2979
1.8002
2.3069
2.8187
3.3355
3.8577
4.3857
4.9197
5.4597
6.0065
6.5604
7.1217
7.691
8.2685
8.855
9.4513
10.058
10.675
11.304
11.946
12.602
13.273
13.961
14.667
15.392
I1
4.53301
4.62827
4.7741
4.96741
5.20412
5.4802
5.79121
6.13336
6.50328
6.89779
7.31428
7.75106
8.20633
8.67873
9.16753
9.67167
10.1909
10.7253
11.2742
11.8381
12.4174
13.0124
13.6239
14.2527
14.9
15.5671
16.2558
P1
303.866
490.338
676.895
863.291
1049.39
1235.59
1422.04
1609.17
1797.37
1986.81
2177.7
2370.43
2565.08
2761.8
2960.84
3162.19
3366.11
3572.82
3782.3
3994.85
4210.66
4429.95
4652.96
4879.94
5111.26
5347.28
5588.47
0
0.36514
0.529
0.62218
0.68245
0.72451
0.75542
0.77884
0.7969
0.81103
0.82215
0.83084
0.83759
0.84275
0.84657
0.84928
0.85102
0.8519
0.85205
0.85154
0.85041
0.84873
0.84653
0.84385
0.84069
0.83706
0.83297
cos
0.17592
0.27803
0.37209
0.45608
0.52918
0.59169
0.64441
0.68853
0.72531
0.7559
0.78135
0.80257
0.82029
0.83513
0.84758
0.85803
0.86682
0.87421
0.88041
0.88559
0.88989
0.89343
0.89628
0.89853
0.90024
0.90145
0.9022
22
135
140
150
4834.08 0.078462
5013.12 0.082766
5371.20 0.092116
16.141
16.915
18.553
16.9682
17.707
19.2766
5835.34
6088.57
6617.21
0.82841
0.82337
0.8117
0.9025
0.90238
0.90087
Curva de eficiencia:
Comentarios:
Vemos el porcentaje a plena carga es 90% y el valor de la eficiencia mxima es:
85.205%.
El valor del deslizamiento correspondiente al 90% de plena carga S = 0.046744.
El factor de potencia correspondiente a la eficiencia mxima cos = 0.88041.
Significa que el rendimiento mximo 85.205% se obtiene del rgimen para el cual
las perdidas constantes (Pe, P rozamiento); son iguales a las perdidas variables
(Pcu1, Pcu2, P adicionales) que varan junto a la carga
MQUINAS ELCTRICAS II | MQUINAS ASNCRONAS
23
Esta curva de eficiencia es una caracterstica del motor es muy til cuando
queremos operar el motor a una carga especifica.
24