Equipment, Techniques and Procedures

Wellsite Geology

Commonly Used AAPG/SPWLA Standardized Abbreviations

Rock Type
Anhydrite, Arkose, Basalt,
Bentonite, Breccia,
Chalk, Clay, Coal,
Conglomerate, Dolomite,
Gabbro, Gneiss, Granite,
Granite Wash, Gravel,
Graywacke, Gypsum, Halite,
Lignite, Limestone,
Marble, Sand, Sandstone,
Schist, Shale, Siltstone,
Slate, Tuff, Volcanic

ANHY, ARK, BAS,

BENT, BREC,
CHK, CL,
CGL, DOL,
GAB, GNS, GRT,
G.W., GRV,
GWKE, GYP, HAL,
LIG, LS,
MBL, SD, SST,
SCH, SH, SLTST,
SL, TF, VOLC

Classification
Boundstone, Crystalline,
Grainstone, Mudstone,
Packstone, Wackestone

Bdst, Xln,
Grst, Mdst,
Pkst, Wkst

Color
Amber, Banded, Black,
Blue, Brown, Buff, Chocolate,
Clear, Colored, Cream, Dark,
Flesh, Gray, Green, Light,
Maroon, Mottled, Ochre,
Olive, Orange, Pink, Purple,
Red, Speckled, Tan, Variegated,
Vermilion, Violet, White,
Yellow

amb, bnd, blk,

bl, bu, choc,
clr, col, crm, dk,
fls, gry, gn, lt,
mar, mott, och,
olv, or, pk, purp,
rd, spkld, tn, vgt,
verm, vi, wh,
yel

Hardness or Induration
Brittle, Cemented, Compact,
Consolidated, Dense,
Firm, Friable, Hard, Indurated,
Loose, Medium,
Moderately, Occasionally,
Plastic, Predominately,
Recemented, Slightly, Soft,
Unconsolidated, Very

brit, cmt, cpct,

consol, dns,
frm, fri, hd, ind,
lse, med,
mod, occ,
plas, pred,
recem, sli, sft,
uncons, v

Baker Hughes INTEQ

A-6
Confidential

80825 Rev B / April 1996

Wellsite Geology

Equipment, Techniques and Procedures

Grain Size
Arenaceous, Coarse,
Cryptocrystalline, Fine, Grain,
Large, Little, Medium,
Microcrystalline, Small, Very

aren, crs,
crpxln, f, gr,
lge, ltl, med,
microxln, sml, v

Grain Shape
Acicular, Angular, Anhedral,
Bladed, Blocky,
Caving, Contorted, Crenulated,
Crinkled, Crumpled,
Cuttings, Elongate, Euhedral,
Faceted, Fibrous
Flaky, Flat, Fragment, Irregular,
Long, Massive, Particle,
Platy, Rounded, Splintery,
Subangular, Subrounded,
Thick, Thin, Well

acic, ang, ahd,

bld, blky
cvg, cntrt, cren,
crnk, crpld,
ctgs, elong, euhd,
fac, fibr,
flk, fl, frag, irr,
lg, mass, par,
plty, rndd, splin,
sbang, sbrndd,
thk, thn, wl

Sorting
Very Well, Well,
Moderately Well, Poorly,
Very Poorly, Sorted, Becoming

v wl, wl,
mod wl, p,
v p, srt, bcm

Luster
Coated, Drusey, Earthy, Frosted,
Glassy, Glossy, Gritty,
Luster, Nacreous, Opaque, Pitted,
Polished, Porcelaneous,
Resinous, Silky, Silty, Smooth,
Sucrosic, Texture,
Translucent, Transparent,
Vitreous, Waxy

cotd, dru, ea, fros,

glas, glos, gt,
lstr, nac, op, pit,
pol, porcel,
rsns, sklky, slty, sm,
suc, tex, trnsl,
trnsl, trnsp,
vit, wxy

Structure
Aggregate, Amorphous, Bedded,
Boring, Branching,
Conchoidal, Concretion, Filled,
Fissile, Foliated, Fracture,
Hackly, Joint, Layer, Lumpy,
Organic, Parting, Rhomb,
Striated, Structure,Vein, Vesicular

Reference Guide
80825 Rev B / April 1996

agg, amor, bd,

bor, brhg,
conch, conc, fld,
fis, fol, frac,
hkl, jt, lyr, lmpy,
org, ptg, rhb,
stri, str, vn, ves,

A-7
Confidential

Equipment, Techniques and Procedures

Wellsite Geology

Cement or Matrix
Argillaceous, Calcite,
Carbonaceous, Carbonate, Clean,
Evaporite, Hematite, Limy, Matrix,
Quartz, Siliceous, Sparry

arg, calc,
carb, crbnt, cln,
evap, hem, lmy, mtrx,
qtz, sil, spr

Visible Porosity
No, Trace, Fair, Good,
Visible Porosity, Average,

n, tr, fr, gd, vis por, avg,

Excellent, Intercrystalline,
Integranular, Intraparticle,

ex, intxln, intgran, intpar,

Leached, Pin-Point, Solution,

Tight, Vuggy,

lchd, p.p., sol, ti, vug,

Accessories or Inclusions
Abundant, Amount, Biotite,
Brachiopod, Bryozoa,
Chert, Clastic, Common, Feldspar,
Foraminifera
Fossil, Glauconite, Inclusion,
Increasing, Intergrown,
Lithic, Macrofossil, Magnetite,
Material, Micaceous,
Microfossil, Mineral, Minor,
Numerous, Occasional,
Oolite, Ostracod, Pelecypod,
Pellet, Plant, Pyrite, Rare,
Scales, Scattered, Shell,

abd, amt, biot,

brach, bry,
cht, clas, com, fspr,
foram,
foss, glau, incl,
incr, intgn,
lit, macrofos, mag,
mat, mic,
microfos, min, mnr,
num, occ,
ool, ostr, pelec,
pel, plt, pyr, r,
sc, scat, shl,

Hydrocarbon Shows
Bright, Dead, Extremely, Faint,
Fluorescence, Irridescent,
Milky, Residue, Spotty, Stain,
Streaming, Uniform, Weak,

brt, dd, extr, fnt,

fluor, irid,
mky, res, spty, stn,
stmg, uni, wk

Additional Modifiers
Approximate, Associated,
Concentric, Covered,
Depauperate, Embedded,
Equivalent, Extremely,
Frequent, Generally, Heavy,
Highly, Insoluble,

apprx, assoc,
cncn, cov,
depau, embd,
equiv, extr,
freq, gen, hvy,
hi, insl,
Baker Hughes INTEQ

A-8
Confidential

80825 Rev B / April 1996

Wellsite Geology

Equipment, Techniques and Procedures

Overgrowth, Oxidized, Possible,

Prominent, Range,
Replaced, Secondary, Wavy,
Weathered

ovgth, ox, poss,

prom, rng,
rep, sec, wvy,
wthd

Common Words That Require Spelling

Pale, Dull, Poor, Fast, Instant, Crush, Cut, Ring, Slow

Thin Sections From Drill Cuttings

Preparing thin sections of drill cuttings at the wellsite is a relatively easy
process and should be done if the recommended equipment is present and
time permits.
Equipment

Hot Plate

Glass Slides

Thermoplastic Cement

Glass Grinding Plate (0.25" x 10" x 10")

Carborundum Loose Grain Abrasive (240, 400, 600 grit)

Tweezers

Water Pan

Procedure
1.

Melt cement onto a glass slide using the hot plate, then drop one
or more selected cuttings into the cement.

2.

Remove the glass slide from the hot plate and allow the cement
to cool and harden.

3.

Using a wet grinding surface, hone a flat surface on the cuttings.

Keep the grinding surface wet by either dipping the slide into
water or by spraying water onto the surface.

4.

Dry the slide and place it on a hot plate.

5.

Using tweezers, turn over the honed surface when the cement
melts.

6.

Remove from the hot plate and press the cuttings (hones surface
down) against the slide as the cement hardens.

7.

Hone the other side of the cuttings down to the desired thickness.

Reference Guide
80825 Rev B / April 1996

A-9
Confidential