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Politics

Glossary of Islamic terms


By Mark S. Luckie June 11, 2011

Wanttoknowthedifferencebetweenhajjandhalal?Hereisashortglossaryofsomeofthemostcommonlyused
wordsandphrasesinIslamicreligionandculture.
Allah
TheArabicwordforgod.
Hadith
AtraditionalaccountofthingssaidordonebyMuhammadrecordedbyhisfollowers,commonlytaughtasapartof
Islamictheology.
hajj
ApilgrimagemadebyMuslimstothecityofMakkah(Mecca),theholiestcityofIslam.EveryMuslimisexpectedtoto

makeareligiousjourneytoMeccaiftheyarephysicallyandfinanciallyabletodoso.Hajjisoneofthefivepillarsof
Islam.
halal
AtermdescribingsomethingthatislawfulandpermittedinIslam,accordingtoIslamiclaw.Oftenusedtodescribed
foodordrinkwhichispermittedforconsumptionunderIslamicdietarylaws.
imam
Personorreligiousleaderwholeadsprayersinamosque,arecognizedauthorityonIslamictheology,orapersonof
authoritywithinthecommunity.ForShiiteMuslims,anImam(capitalized)denotesadescendantofMuhammad.
Islam
AmonotheisticreligionbasedontheteachingsofMuhammadasdetailedintheKoran.
Koran
ThecentralreligioustextofIslambelievedtobethewordofAllahrevealedtoMuhammad.
madrassah
TheArabicwordforaneducationalinstitutionforanykindoflearning.OftenusedtorefertoanIslamicreligious

schooloraschoolwithcoursesinIslamictheologyandreligiouslaw.
mosque
AMuslimplaceofprayerforfollowersofIslam.
Muhammad
TheArabprophetandfounderofIslamwho,accordingtothereligion,wasthelastmessengerofAllah.
Muslim
ApersonwhobelievesinorpracticestheIslamreligion.
Ramadan
TheninthmonthoftheIslamiccalendar,duringwhichMuslimsfastfromsunrisetosunset.Itcommemoratesthe
transmissionoftheKoranbythearchangelGabrieltoMuhammad.
Salat
TheArabicwordforprayer.Usuallyreferstotheritualprayerperformedfivetimesdailyatspecifictimesthesecond
pillarofIslam.
Sawm

AnArabicwordforfastingtheactoftotalabstinencefromfood,liquidsandsexualrelationshipsfromdawntosunset,
foronelunarmonth.
Shahada
ThedeclarationofbeliefinthesingularityofAllahandtheprophethoodofMohammedoneofthefivepillarsofIslam.
Sharia
ThelawsofIslamderivedfromtheKoranandfromtheteachingsandexampleofMuhammadthatregulatethe
spiritualandsecularactionsofMuslims.
Shia
ThesecondlargestdenominationofIslamafterSunniIslam.ShiaMuslimsbelievethattherightfulsuccessorto
MuhammadafterhisdeathwashissoninlawAli.
Sufi
AmysticalbranchofIslamthatemphasizesselfdenialasameansofcommunionwithgod.
sunnah
AcollectionofMuhammadswordsanddeedsduringhislifetime.

Sunni
ThelargestbranchofIslam.SunniMuslimsbelievethefirstfoursuccessorstoMuhammadafterhisdeathwerethe
rightfulleadersandnothissoninlawAli.
sura
OneofthesectionsoftheKoran,whicharetraditionallyarrangedinorderofdecreasinglength.TheKorancontains
114suras.
tafsir
InterpretationsoftheKoranbyIslamicscholarstheArabicwordforexegesisorcommentary.
tawhid
ThecentralIslamicdoctrinethatdictatesthereisnoothergodbutAllah.
Zakat
Thegivingofalmsorcontributionstocharityasanactofworship,usuallyabout2.5percentofonesannualwealth
givenmainlyforthebenefitofthepoorandtheneedy.OneofthefivepillarsofIslam.

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