Chapter 05 GREEN PLANTS AND CHORDATES [Plant Kingdom]

I Answer the following:

1. List the five kingdom classification of living organisms.
Non vascular plants
o Multicellular algae
o Bryophytes
Vascular plants
o Pteridophytes
o Gymnosperms
o Angiosperms
2. List some salient features of Multicellular algae.
Algae are relatively simple in organization compared to
true plants,
The cells are typically eukaryotic, with a prominent
nucleus and many plastids.
The cell wall is composed of cellulose and pectin.
Chlorophyll is the green pigment present in green algae.
Phyco erythrin is red pigment present in red algae.
Xanthrophyll is present in brown algae which gives
green colour to Thallus.
Algae reproduce by vegetative, asexual and sexual
means.
3. Write some examples of :
Green algae: Batrochospermum and Polysiphonia
Brown algae: Sargassum and Ectocarpus
4. How is reproduction in algae?
Reproduction in algae is by vegetative, sexual and
asexual means.
Vegetative reproductions occur by fragmentation in which
the Thallus breaks into small fragments which grow into a
new plant. Asexual reproduction generally takes places by
the formation of spores. Sexual reproduction involves
fusion of male and female gametes.
5. List the commercial importance of algae.
Algae are among the major producer community in
the marine ecosystems.
Some species of algae are cattle feeds.
Algin, a substance used in the preparation of ice
creams.
Agar, a substance used in culturing bacterial in the
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Chapter 05 GREEN PLANTS AND CHORDATES [Plant Kingdom]

laboratory.
Red algae called porphyra is used as a condiment.
6. What are Bryophytes?
Bryophytes are commonly called amphibians of the
plant kingdom since they need water for completing the
life cycle.
They have a flat plant body called thallus. Some have
unicellular root like extension called rhizoids.
7. Write the life cycles of bryophytes.
The life cycles includes two generations namely, a
haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte.
The adult plant body is called gametophytes and
since it produces male and female gametes in distinct
structures called antheridia and archegonia respectively.
8. Write the economic importance of Bryophyte.
Moses is used in packing flowers.
Moses form a dense mat on the soil, they check
erosion.
Bryophytes can decompose the rocks and contribute
to soil formation.
9. Why pteridophytes are called tracheophytes?
Pteridophytes contain vascular tissues; this plant
body shows distinct root, stem and leaves.
10.
Write the economic importance of pteridophytes.
Ferns are grown for their ornamental value.
Leaves are used in making flower bouquet.
Some ferns are of medicinal importance.
Some ferns like horse-tails and club mosses are
involved in the formation of fossil fuels like coal and
petroleum.
11.
Write a note on alternation of generations found in
pteridophytes.
The adult plant body in pteridophytes is a sporophyte
(2n). It reproduces asexually by producing haploid spores.
The spores germinate into haploid gametophytes, called
prothalllus.
It leads an independent existence.
It
reproduces sexually by producing male and female
gametes in antheridia and archegonia respectively. The

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Chapter 05 GREEN PLANTS AND CHORDATES [Plant Kingdom]

zygote resulting from the fusion of gametes develops into

a sporophyte.
Thus an alternation of generations is
noticed in pteridophytes.
12.
Write the economic importance of pteridophytes.
Ferns are grown for their ornamental value.
Leaves are used in making flower bouquet.
Some ferns are of medicinal importance.
Some ferns like horse-tails and club mosses are
involved in the formation of fossil fuels like coal and
petroleum.
13.
List the characteristics features of gymnosperms.
The plant body is a sporophyte.
It produces
prominent structures called cones.
There are female
cones and male cones.
Male cone contains
microsporophylls which produce microspores that have
male gametes. Female cones contain megasporophylls
which produce ovule containing female gametes. The
fusion product zygote becomes the seed. There is no fruit.
14.
List the characteristics feature of angiosperms.
The adult plant body is a sporophyte. It shows
distinct root, stem and leaves.
The most significant
feature of angiosperms is the flower. This encloses the
redused gametophytes. It is the reproductive part of a
plant. It may be found in a cluster called inflorescence.
15.
How are angiosperms distinguished?
Angiosperms are distinguished into two major groups
namely, monocots and dicots.
Monocots contain only one cotyledon. During
germination cotyledons remain below the soil in the most
of the monocots. Monocots plants fibrous root system.
Here primary roots are short lived. Leaves in the monocot
have parallel venation.
Dicots contain two cotyledons.
Here cotyledons
appear above the soil. Dicots plants have tap root system.
Here primary root continues to grow throughout the life of
plant. It produces many secondary and tertiary branches.
Leaves in the dicot have reticulate venation.
16.
Draw a neat diagram to show parts of a flower.

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Chapter 05 GREEN PLANTS AND CHORDATES [Plant Kingdom]

17.
Draw a neat diagram to show the differences
between monocot and dicot plants.
18.
Draw a neat diagram to represent spirogyra and
ulothrix.

Sasikumar A Child Counsellor and Gandhian Studies