Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
NAME:B.PAVALA
PRASHAN
CLASS:3 CARNATION
TEACHER:PUAN
CONTENTS
ESAH
Air Pollutants
1-4
Diseases related to respiratory system
5
Ways to improve air quality
6-7
Practice maintaining clean air
8-14
AIR POLLUTANTS
An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on
humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid
droplets, or gases. A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made.
Pollutants are classified as primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are
usually produced from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption.
Other examples include carbon monoxide gas from motor vehicle exhaust,
or the sulfur dioxide released from factories. Secondary pollutants are not
emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react
or interact. Ground level ozone is a prominent example of a secondary
pollutant. Some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: they are
both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants.
Diseases to respiratory
system
Diseases and conditions of the respiratory system fall into two categories:
Viruses such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia and the new enterovirus
respiratory virus that has been diagnosed in children; and chronic
diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD). According to Dr. Neal Chaisson, who practices pulmonary
medicine at the Cleveland Clinic, there is not much that can be done for
viral infections but to let them run their course. "Antibiotics are not
effective in treating viruses and the best thing to do is just rest," he said.
Lung cancer is often associated with smoking, but the disease can affect
non-smokers as well. Every year, about 16,000 to 24,000 Americans die of
lung cancer, even though they have never smoked, according to the
American Cancer Society. Like all cancers, lung cancer is caused by the
uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.
Ways
to
We make choices everyday that can help reduce air pollution. Below are a
few ideas that you can take to help clean our air.
At Home
Conserve energy - turn off appliances and lights when you leave the room.
Recycle paper, plastic, glass bottles, cardboard, and aluminum cans. (This
conserves energy and reduces production emissions.)
Keep woodstoves and fireplaces well maintained. You should also consider
replacing
old
wood
stoves
with
EPA-certified
models.
Visit
www.epa.gov/burnwise.
Plant deciduous trees in locations around your home to provide shade in
the summer, but to allow light in the winter.
Buy green electricity-produced by low-or even zero-pollution facilities.
Connect your outdoor lights to a timer or use solar lighting.
Wash clothes with warm or cold water instead of hot.
Lower the thermostat on your water heater to 120F.
Use low-VOC or water-based paints, stains, finishes, and paint strippers.
Test your home for radon-a dangerous, radioactive gas that is odorless
and tasteless. If the test shows elevated levels of radon, the problem can
be fixed cost effectively. Visit www.epa.gov/radon.
Choose not to smoke in your home, especially if you have children. If you
or
your
visitors
must
smoke,
then
smoke
outside.
Visit
www.epa.gov/smokefree.
Buy Smart
models
of
vehicles.
Visit
Practice maintaining
air clean
Drive Less -- Drive Smart
About half of the air pollution comes from cars and trucks. Two
important ways to reduce air pollution are to drive less -- even a little
less -- and to drive smart. Taking fewer trips in your car or truck helps
cut air pollution. And adopting smart driving habits reduces your car's
emissions.
Driving less doesn't mean you have to stay home. Try combining driving
with alternative modes of transportation:
1. Carpool.
2. Walk or ride a bicycle.
3. Shop by phone or mail.
4. Ride public transit.
5. Telecommute.
Driving smart keeps pollution at a minimum. *
6. Accelerate gradually.
7. Use cruise control on the highway.
8. Obey the speed limit.
9. Combine your errands into one trip.
10.Keep your car tuned and support the smog check program.
11. Don't top off at the gas pumps.
12.Replace your car's air filter.
13.Keep your tires properly inflated.
14.What about smoking vehicles?
Contact the EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards.
* What you do when you are stuck in traffic and not "driving" can be very
important
as well. Consider turning your engine off if you will be idling for long
periods of time.
That's not all. When shopping for your next car...
15. Look for the most efficient, lowest polluting model--or even use either
a nonpolluting
car or zero emission vehicle. Visit these web sites for information
that will help you identify clean and fuel efficient vehicles in any part of
the
country:
o EPA's Green vehicle Guide
o The DOE/EPA Fuel Economy Guide
o The U.S. Department of Energy Clean Cities Site If you must drive on
days with unhealthy air, drive your newest car. Newer
cars generally pollute less than older models.
Choose Air-Friendly Products
Many products you use in your home, in the yard, or at the
office are made with smog-forming chemicals that escape into
the air. Here are a few ways to put a lid on products that
pollute:
16.Select products that are water-based or have low
or school:
43. Don't smoke. Send smokers outside.
44. Products such as cleaning agents, paints, and glues often contain
harmful
chemicals. Use them outdoors or with plenty of ventilation indoors.
45. Use safer products, such as baking soda instead of harsher chemical
cleaners.
46. Don't heat your home with a gas cooking stove.
47. Have your gas appliances and heater regularly inspected and
maintained.
48.Clean frequently to remove dust and molds.
Visit EPA's Indoor Air Quality Home Page for more information.
Speak Up For Clean Air
Do what you can to reduce air pollution. It will make a difference. Use your
civic
influence to improve regional and national air pollution standards:
49.Write to your local newspaper. Support action for healthy air.
50. Let your elected representative know you support action for clean air.