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Printed text of Pope Leo X's Bull against the errors of Martin
Luther, also known as Exsurge Domine, issued in June 1520
History
Since the 12th century, papal bulls have carried a lead seal
with the heads of the apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul
on one side and the popes name on the other. Papal bulls
were originally issued by the pope for many kinds of communication of a public nature, but by the 13th century,
papal bulls were only used for the most formal or solemn
of occasions.[2] Papyrus seems to have been used almost
Papal bulls have been in use at least since the 6th century, but the term was not used until around the end of
the 13th century, and then only internally for unocial
administrative purposes. However, it had become ocial by the 15th century, when one of the oces of the
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uniformly as the material for these ocial documents until the early years of the eleventh century, after which it
was rapidly superseded by a rough kind of parchment.[1]
Modern scholars have retroactively used the term bull
to describe any elaborate papal document issued in the
form of a decree or privilege (solemn or simple), and to
some less elaborate ones issued in the form of a letter.
Popularly, the name is used for any papal document that
contains a metal seal.
Today, the bull is the only written communication in
which the Pope will refer to himself as episcopus servus
servorum Dei, meaning Bishop, Servant of the Servants
of God. For example, when Benedict XVI, issued a decree in bull form, he began the document with Benedictus, Episcopus, Servus Servorum Dei. While it used to always bear a metal seal, it now does so only on the most
solemn occasions. It is today the most formal type of
letters patent issued by the Vatican Chancery in the name
of the Pope.
Format
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be treated in a bull, and many were and are, including
statutory decrees, episcopal appointments, dispensations,
excommunications, apostolic constitutions, canonizations
and convocations.
The bull was the exclusive letter format from the Vatican until the 14th century, when the papal brief began to
appear. The brief is the less formal form of papal communication and is authenticated with a wax impression
(now a red ink impression) of the Ring of the Fisherman.
There has never been an exact distinction of usage between a bull and a brief, but nowadays most letters, including encyclicals, are issued as briefs.
See also
Canonical Coronation
List of Images with Canonical Coronation
Abbreviator
Bull of the Crusade
Edict
Fatwa
Golden Bull
Great Seal of the Realm
Holy Roman Empire
Letters Patent
List of papal bulls
Proclamation
Ukase
Notes
[1] Thurston, Herbert. Bulls and Briefs. The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company,
1908. 23 Jul. 2014
[2] Papal bull. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 7 July
2012.
[3] Botsford, George Willis; Botsford, Jay Barrett (1922). A
Brief History of the World: With Especial Reference to Social and Economic Conditions. Macmillan. p. 293.
References
Chambers, Ephraim. Cyclopaedia, or an Universal
Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 1728
Papal bull. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 7
July 2012.
8 Further reading
Albert, C.S. Bull. Lutheran Cyclopedia.
York: Scribner, 1899. p. 67
New
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Papal bull Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal%20bull?oldid=646940216 Contributors: William Avery, Olivier, Michael Hardy,
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