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Means of transport
1) Land : (A) road : mostly used world wide
(B)Railway
(2) Air : (a) Most Expensive and fastest
(b) Most used for passengers
(3) Space : In future
(4) Used for trade mostly
Good transport system means good economics system in the country .
Pakistan Railway
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
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Pakistan Studies
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2)
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7)
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Pakistan Studies
Motorway:
Speed tracks without motor jams
Overhead bridges to enter in settelments
No road crossings
No signals
Toll roads
Lahore
Islamabad
Peshawar
There are three major Seaports and one National Shipping Corporation in
Pakistan:
Karachi Port
Port Muhammad Bin Qasim
Gwadar Port (under construction)
Pakistan National Shipping Corporation
Sea Transport
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Pakistan Studies
Karachi
Honkong (china)
Karachi
Indonesia)
Arabian sea
South china sea
Karachi
Tokyo (japan)
Karachi
Arabian sea
South china sea
Sea of Japan
Bay of Bengal
Strait of Malacca (Malaysia &
Hong kong (china)
largest sea route
Bay Bengal
Strait of Malacca
Tokyo (Japan)
Pakistan
Middle east or Gulf a Arabian countries { KSA , UAE , Behrain , Qatar ,
Kuwait , Iraq }.
Karachi
KSA
Shortest Sea route
Karachi
Arabian Sea
Pakistan
Karachi
London (UK)
Karachi
Egypt
Arabian sea
Golf Of Aden
Red Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Strait of Gibraltar
Pakistan
Karachi
Arabian Sea
Sea
Persian Gulf
Suez Canal
Strait of Dover
London (UK).
USA
New York (USA)
Gulf of Aden
Red Sea
Strait of Gibraltar
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Pakistan Studies
Air Transport:
Air transport is of recent origin in the development of transport system of a country. It is the gift of 20th century
to the world. The second world ware has stimulated the growth of air transport and it has made progress in the
recent years because it is the fastest way of transporting of goods. The transport of goods through airways is
costly and therefore it is designated to carry costly goods of small quantity. When goods or passengers are
carried by air, certain documents are issued because the carriage of Air Act, 1972 has made it obligatory.
Advantages
The following are some of the advantages of air transport:
I. High Speed:
Air transport is the fastest mode of transport and therefore suitable carriage of goods over a long distance
requiring less time. There is no substitute for air transport when the transport of goods is required urgently.
II. Quick Service:
Air transport provides comfortable, efficient and quick transport service. It is regarded as best mode of
transport
for
transporting
perishable
goods.
III. No Infrastructure Investment:
Air transport does not give emphasis on construction of tracks like railways. As no capital investment in
surface
track
is
needed,
it
is
a
less
costly
mode
of
transport.
IV. Easy Access:
Air transport is regarded as the only means of transport in those areas which are not easily accessible to other
modes of transport. It is therefore accessible to all areas regardless the obstruction of land.
V. No Physical Barrier:
Air transport is free from physical barriers because it follows the shortest and direct routes where seas,
mountains
and
forests
do
not
obstruct.
VI. Natural Route:
Aircrafts travels to any place without any natural obstacles or barriers. Because the custom formalities are
compiled
very
quickly.
It
avoids
delay
in
obtaining
clearance.
VII. National Defence:
It plays a significant role in the national defense of the country because modern wars are conducted with the
help of aero planes. Airways has a upper hand a destroying the enemy in a short period.
Disadvantages
Inspite of many advantages air transport has a number of disadvantages. These disadvantages are:
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Pakistan Studies
I. Risky:
Air transport is the most risky form of transport because a minor accident may put a substantial loss to the
goods, passengers and the crew. The chances of accidents are greater in comparison to other modes of
transport.
II. Very Costly:
Air transport is regarded as the costliest mode of transport. The operating cost of aero-planes are higher and
it involves a great deal of expenditure on the construction of aerodromes and aircraft. Because of this reason
the fare of air transport are so high that it becomes beyond the reach the common people.
III. Small Carrying Capacity:
The aircrafts have small carrying capacity and therefore these are not suitable for carrying bulky and cheaper
goods. the load capacity cannot be increased as it is found in case of rails.
IV. Unreliable:
Most of the air transport are uncertain and the unreliable because these are controlled by weather condition.
It is seriously affected by adverse weather conditions. Fog, snow and heavy rain weather may cause
cancellation of flights.
V. Huge Investment:
Air transport requires huge investment for construction and maintenance of aerodromes. It also requires
trained, experienced and skilled personnel which involves a substantial investment.
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