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When assessing the client, note risk factors for atherosclerosis and vascular disease,
hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiac as well as lymphatic disorders.
Some clients are reluctant to mention what they believe to be minor manifestations
(swelling, intermittent, discomfort).
Consequently, perform a careful assessment, ask specific questions skilfully, and be alert
for information that indicate early manifestations if insidious conditions.
Studies have found that the effects of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have significant
psychosocial and emotional consequences.
Assessment of quality of life as well as functional changes and symptoms manifestations is
needed to establish effective interventions. Seven themes emerged from one study
designed to evaluate the effects of PAD from client’s perspectives. These themes are the
following:
➢ PAD diagnosis and management
➢ Clinical manifestation experience
➢ Limitations in physical functioning
➢ Limitations in social functioning
➢ Compromise of self
➢ Uncertainty and fear
➢ Adaptation
Note any history of VASCULAR IMPAIRMENT. Inquire about changes that indicate
VASOSPATIC DISORDERS, such as:
➢ Changes in color or temperature digit.
Ask specifically whether the client has a history of:
➢ Hypertension
➢ Diabetes
➢ Stroke
➢ Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
➢ Changes in vision
➢ Pain in legs during activity
➢ Leg cramps
➢ Phlebitis
➢ Venous or arterial blood clots
➢ Pulmonary emboli
➢ Edema
➢ Varicose veins
➢ Extremities that are cold, pale or blue
Question any previous history of frostbite, which increases risk of VASOSPASM. Visual
changes and TIAs my indicate CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE.
Ask about previous treatment for diabetes mellitus, collagen disorders or hypertension
Detail any previous operations that the client has endured, particularly VASCULAR BYPASS
SURGERY.
Note if there has been any previous:
➢ Angiography
➢ Endovascular graft or stent placement
➢ Harvesting of arteries or veins from the lower extremities
FAMILY HISTORY
It helps determine risk factors and provides clues about reported and observed
manifestations.
Note any family history of:
➢ Diabetes
➢ Hypertension
➢ Coronary artery disease
➢ Collagen diseases
➢ Peripheral vascular disease
LIFESTYLE
Dietary Habits
Social History