Computer and Communication Systems

(Lehrstuhl fr Technische Informatik)

Vehicular Networks [C2X]

a short introduction to vehicular networking

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

Introduction
Growing relevance of
electronics in cars
2000s
1990s

1980s

1970s
Electronic Fuel Injection
Centralized Warning
Lights
Cruise Control
Central Locking
...

Electronic transmission
control
Electronic climate control
ASC (Anti Slip Control)
ABS (Antilock Braking
System)
Phone
Seat heater control
Automatically dimming rear
view mirror
...

navigation system
CD changer
ACC (Active Cruise Control)
Airbags
DSC (Dynamic Stability
Control)
Adaptive Transmission
Control
Roll stabilization
Xenon light
BMW Assist
RDS / TMC
Voice Recognition
Emergency call
...

ACC Stop & Go

BFD
ALC
KSG
42 volt system
Internet Portal
GPRS, UMTS
Telematics
Online Services
Bluetooth
Car Office
Local Hazard Warning
Integrated Safety System
Steer / Brake-By-Wire
I-Drive
Lane keeping support
Personalization
SW update
Force Feedback Pedal
...

U. Weinmann: Anforderungen und Chancen automobilgerechter

Softwareentwicklung, 3. EUROFORUM-Fachkonferenz, Stuttgart, Juli 2002

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

Introduction
Electronics need communication
Number of signals (k*n)
Number of potential communication partners (n*(n-1))

Complexity

Coordination overhead (q*n*(n-1))

Embedded Control Units (n)

U. Weinmann: Anforderungen und Chancen automobilgerechter
Softwareentwicklung, 3. EUROFORUM-Fachkonferenz, Stuttgart, Juli 2002

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

10%

[C2X] Summer 2012

5%

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

6.2%
6.7%
7.1%
7.0%

2007

2.0%
2.2%
1.9%
2.0%

2006

4.1%
4.1%
4.6%
4.0%

15%

6.0%
6.6%
6.8%
8.0%

2005

5.6%
6.0%
5.8%
5.0%

20%

7.7%
7.9%
7.8%
8.0%

25%

14.6%
13.6%
12.7%
10.0%

40%

18.8%
14.0%
13.6%
16.0%

45%

35.0%
38.6%
39.7%
40.0%

Introduction

Component failure rate (ADAC-Pannenstatistik)

2008

35%

30%

0%

Introduction
Bus systems
Until the end of the 80s
Cars control units are isolated, non-networked
dedicated wires connect sensors and actors

Starting with the 90s

digital Bus systems
CAN-Bus

Today
Rising demands on bus systems
networked functionality requires more than one control unit
Turn signal: > 8 distinct control units

Real time constraints

Multimedia
[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

Introduction
Bus systems
Current middle and upper class vehicles
carry 80 .. 100 networked Electronic Control Units (ECUs)
Traditionally: one task == one ECU

New trends:
distribution of functions across ECUs
integration of multiple functions on one ECU
[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

Introduction
Multiple bus systems
Seat occupancy
Rear View

Engine

A/C

MFD

Airbag ECU

LIN

CAN 1
CAN 2
DVD

MMI

Gateway

Gearbox

FlexRay

Radar
[C2X] Summer 2012

MOST

Radio Tuner
Video

ESP
Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

mp3
7

Introduction
Complexity is ever increasing

5 ECUs
[C2X] Summer 2012

Over 50 ECUs
Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

Introduction
Electronics today
Up to 30% of
value creation

Up to 100 ECUs

Up to 90% of
Innovations

Up to 3800 interface
points
Up to 3km of wiring
for power and data
[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

Introduction
...and tomorrow:
Data will leave confines of single car: inter-vehicle communication

Light Car, EDAG GmbH

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

10

Introduction
or is this our future?

AUDI AG

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

11

Introduction
Example: Lane assistant

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

12

Introduction
Example: Lateral collision avoidance

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

13

Introduction
Example: Accident reporting

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

14

Introduction
Key requirement: sensors

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

15

Introduction
Driverless vehicles

GM/CMU
[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

16

Introduction
Example: Intersection assistance

Aktiv-AS / Aktiv-VM

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

17

Introduction
...and much (much) more:
Emergency Brake Light Warning, Accident Warning, Emergency Flashlights, Traffic
Jam Warning, Weather Warning, Emergency Vehicle, Slow Vehicle, Moving and Static
Road Works, Obstacle Warning, Intersection Maneuvering Assistance, Intersection
Traffic Lights, Lane Change, Maneuvering Assistance, Longitudinal Maneuvering
Assistance, Floating Car Data Collection, Free-Flow Tolling, Breakdown Call, Remote
Diagnostics, Theft Detection, Emergency Call, Just-In-Time Repair Notification,
Roadside Traffic Camera pull, In-vehicle signing pull, Regional Information pull, Carspecific Software Application Download pull, Electronic Payment pull, Logistic for
goods being loaded and unloaded, Traffic Information Service pull, Traffic Information
Service push, Electronic Payment push, Roadside Traffic Camera push, In-vehicle
signing push, Car specific Software Application Download push, Telemetric
Onboard/Off-board Diagnostics, Remote Vehicle Status Control, Fleet Management,
Server based navigation, Remote lock-down, Remote entry, Mobile Office,
Videophone, Personal Data Synchronization at home, General Map Downloads and
Updates, Instant Messaging, General internet services, Internet Audio, continuous
feed, Web Browsing, Movie rental, Remote Home Activation/Deactivation pull, Remote
Home Control pull, Remote Home Activation/Deactivation push, Remote Home Control
push, Voice Chat, Games, Electronic Toll Collection, Parking Unit Fee Payment (drive
through payment), Goods and services discovery and payment, Guided Tour,
Interactive Lights Dimming, Emergency Traffic Light Pre-emption, Traffic Light
Assistant,
Aktiv-AS / Aktiv-VM

[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

18

Introduction
Challenges of communication
Basic challenges
Timeliness
Throughput

Communication in vehicles: stresses...

Robustness
Cost

Communication across vehicles: also needs...

Interoperability
Reachability
Security
Privacy
[C2X] Summer 2012

Protocols: K-Line, CAN, and LIN

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