Name: Muhammad Syukhri bin Shafee

Metric numbers: 214783

The Development of International Environmental Law

International law is the law that were encompass majority countries in this world. It
important to make guideline to make sure the world that we live today are in good condition.
One of the most important international law that everybody must know is international
environmental law. The law are revised and improve many time since long time ago.
The event make people started concern about environmental law was on 1893. During
that time strife between the U.S and Great Britain over the exploitation of sea lions for fur was
submitted to international arbitration. The States do not have right unto natural resources which
were not in their territory for conservation. Because of First World War and Second World War,
this law were not discuss by any nation.
When United Nation merged, on 1972 The Stockholm Conference has produced a
declaration of principle (the Stockholm Declaration) which is the foundation for modern
international environmental law. This conference attended by 114 States. No longer focused only
on flora and fauna but also issues like oil pollution and effects on the atmosphere by nuclear
tests.
Brundtland Report (World Commission on Environment and Development) were
produced on 1987. Brundtland Report has been marked increase in the incidence of
environmental crises of a global nature and called upon wealthy nations to make changes in
their lifestyle by recycling waste, conserving energy and land, and by rehabilitating damaged
landscapes. This report pressure for further international action.
Then, The Rio Conference were conducted in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) by United Nation
on 1992. There are several Convention were held during that years such as Declaration on
Environment and Development, Convention on Biology Diversity and UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change. This conference was attended by 10,000 delegates from 176
States. There have been few dramatic developments in international environmental law.
Later on, Montreal Protocol were signed for deplete the thinning of Ozone layer.
Believed that if the international agreement is adhered to, the ozone layer is expected to recover
by 2050. It has been ratified by 197 states. This protocol were held on 1997. In the same year,
Kyoto Protocol were held in Kyoto, Japan. The main of this protocol is an international treaty
that sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.

It called United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Only

implemented on 2005. 192 states went to this convention. USA signed the protocol but later on
do not ratified and Canada withdraw on 2011.
As conclusion, Since 1972 until 1992, several hundred bilateral and multilateral
environmental agreements were signed between nations. Then, several region started to revised
their law to make standardize regarding environmental law. The law regarding environmental
were existed and it helpful to maintain our earth today in good condition. But, some countries
especially developed countries are ignore these kind of law that effected their economy activities.

References
Thornton, J & Beckwith, S. (1997). Environmental Law. London: Sweet & Maxwell Limited
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (2011). Kyoto Protocol.
UNFCCC. Retrieved 22 February 2011