Dishwasher

A dishwasher: is a mechanical device for cleaning dishes and

eating utensils. Dishwashers can be found in restaurants and private
homes. Unlike manual dishwashing, which relies largely on physical
scrubbing to remove soiling, the mechanical dishwasher cleans by
spraying hot water, typically in between 55 to 75 C (130 to 170 F) at
the dishes, with lower temperatures used for delicate items. A mix of
water and detergent is used for cleaning purposes, followed by clean
water to remove the detergent residue. Some dishwashers have
multiple wash and rinse periods within the complete cycle. In some
dishwashers, a rinsing aid (also called rinse aid) can be added to the
rinse cycle to improve drying and avoid water spots remaining on dry
items.

Inside Dishwasher:
Although dishwashers are watertight, they don't actually fill with
water. Just a small basin at the bottom fills up. There, heating elements
heat the water to 130 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Then a pump propels
the water up to the water jets, where it is forced out and sprayed
against the dirty dishes. Think about a garden hose with no nozzle - if
you put your thumb over the end of the hose, decreasing the space for
the water to come out, it sprays out more forcefully. The dishwasher's
jets work on the same principle. The force of the water also makes the
arms that hold the spray jets rotate, just like a lawn sprinkler. When the
washing and rinsing is finished, the water drains down to the basin
again, where the pump propels the water out of the dishwasher.
Depending on the type of dishwasher, the drain water might go right
into the pipes under your sink, or travel up a hose into your sink itself.

The final step in a wash cycle is optional - the dry cycle. The heating
element at the bottom of the dishwasher heats the air inside to help
the dishes dry. Some people just let them dry without heat to save
energy.
In addition, dishwashers monitor themselves to make sure
everything is running properly. A timer (or a small computer) regulates
the length of each cycle. A sensor detects the water and air temperature to prevent the dishwasher from overheating or damaging
your dishes. Another sensor can tell if the water level gets too high and
activates the draining function to keep the dishwasher from
overflowing. Some dishwashers even have sensors that can detect the
dirtiness of the water coming off the dishes. When the water is clear
enough, the dishwasher knows the dishes are clean.

History of Dishwasher:
The first reports of a mechanical dishwashing device are of an
1850 patent in the United States by Joel Houghton for a hand-powered
device. This device was made of wood and was cranked by hand while
water sprayed onto the dishes. This device was both slow and
unreliable. Another patent was granted to L.A. Alexander in 1865 that
was similar to the first but featured a hand-cranked rack system.
Neither device was practical or widely accepted.
Modern dishwashers are descended from the 1887 invention
of Josephine Cochrane who invented a new advanced dishwasher, also
hand-powered, which she unveiled at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.
Cochrane was quite wealthy and was the granddaughter of John Fitch,
the inventor of the steamboat. She never washed dishes herself and
invented the dishwasher because her servants were chipping her fine
china.
Models installed with permanent plumbing arrived in the 1920s.
In England in 1924, William Howard Livens invented a small dishwasher
suitable for domestic use. It had many of the features of a modern
dishwasher, including a front door for loading, a wire rack to hold
crockery and a rotating sprayer. Livens' invention was not, however, a
commercial success. Electric drying elements were added in 1940.
Initially home appliances were standalone or portable devices in
a kitchen, along with other sinks and the water heater, but with the
development of the wall-to-wall countertop and standardized height
cabinets, dishwashers evolved into standardized size and shape

appliances first integrated with the sink, and then underneath the
kitchen countertop as a modular unit.
Adoption was greatest at first in commercial environments, but
by the 1970s dishwashers had become commonplace in domestic
residences in the US. By 2005, 60 percent of US homes had
dishwashers.

Types of dishwashers:
Built-in standard dishwashers:
These models are standard fare. They take up permanent space
in your kitchen and are built in with a drop-down hinged door. They
now come in stainless steel or can blend into your cabinetry style. Most
standard-size dishwashers take about 2.4 gallons of water to wash a
load.
Price: $250 to $1,600
Who it's best for:People who have room in their kitchens, wash large
loads of dishes, and want the standard pull-out dish racks
Average size: Width: around 24 to 30 inches; depth: around 25
inches; height: around 34 inch.
Compact dishwashers
Whether you need a small dishwasher for your apartment or RV,
compact dishwashers offer many of the same features as basic
standard models but are simply smaller. They can hold around eight
place settings.
Price: $350
Who it's best for: People with limited cabinet space
Average size: Width: 18 inches; depth: 22.5 inches; height: 32.50
inches

 In-sink dishwashers
This dishwasher literally fits inside your sink. It handles small loads
quickly--like dirty glasses during a cocktail party--and it can also act as
extra counter space or a cutting board because its top becomes a flat
stainless steel surface in most cases. Because the loads are smaller,
these models use less water.
Price: $1,800
Who it's best for: People with big budgets who do small loads of
dishes and have limited cabinet space
Average size: Width: 34.5 inches; depth: 22 inches; height: 21 inches.

Drawer dishwashers
This dishwasher literally fits inside your sink. It handles small loads
quickly--like dirty glasses during a cocktail party--and it can also act as
extra counter space or a cutting board because its top becomes a flat
stainless steel surface in most cases. Because the loads are smaller,
these models use less water.
Price: One drawer: $700; two drawers: $1,200
Who it's best for: People who want extra dish storage and energy
efficiency
Average size: Width: 23.5 inches; depth: 22.5 inches; Height: around
16 inches;
Portable dishwashers
These compact- or standard-size dishwashers don't have to take up
permanent space in your kitchen. Some even come in a countertop
version that hooks up to your faucet and look like a microwave.
Price: $400 to $600
Who it's best for: Renters or homeowners who don't have room for a
built-in model

Average size: Width: around 24 inches; depth: 28 inches; height:

around 36 inches
Working of Components of Dishwasher:
All dishwashers work in pretty much the same way. To understand
how they work, let's look at these three areas:

1. The motor and pump system

Your dishwasher has at least one motor. It is attached to a pump,
which forces the water up into the sprayer arms. During the drain
cycle, it also pushes the water out of the dishwasherdown the drain.
A few European dishwashers use two separate motors, one for
spraying and one for draining.
The motor is behind an access panel beneath the dishwasher. Some
models have reversible motors, others don't. We will also discuss two
older types that are not used in the newer dishwashers.
If the motor is reversible, it is mounted vertically right in the
center bottom of the dishwasher with the motor shaft pointed up. The
pump is mounted atop the motor, then attached to the underside of
the dishwasher. When the motor runs one way, the dishwasher pumps
water up to the spray arms; when it runs the other way, it drains the
water.
If the motor rotates in a single direction, it is mounted horizontally,
with the motor shaft pointed sideways, near the center bottom of the
dishwasher. The pump is mounted to the end of the motor. The top of
the pump is then mounted to the underside of the dishwasher. When
the motor runs, it pumps water to the spray arms. To pump water to
the drain, a mechanical arm integrated with the pump and motor
activates, which diverts the water to the drain.
Two other, older systems are becoming "extinct," in that they are
no longer made.One is a belt-driven system. Its motor is near the front
right corner of the dishwasher. The pump is mounted to the underside
of the dishwasher at the center, and a tube-shaped belt connects the
motor and pump. The motor is reversible: when the motor runs one
way, the unit pumps water to the spray arms. When it runs the other
way, the motor drives the pump to push the water out to the drain.
The other system's motor rotates in only one direction. It's mounted
vertically, right in the center bottom of the dishwasher, with the shaft
of the motor pointed up, with the pump mounted atop the motor. The
pump is then attached to the underside of the dishwasher. When the
motor runs, it pumps water to the spray arms. To pump water out to
the drain, a valve, completely separate from the pump and motor is
activated. It diverts the water to the drain.

2. The controls, switches, valves, and solenoids

A dishwasher has at least three, but often six or more controls,
switches, valves and solenoids. We will discuss these:
Timer:
Dishwashers have a timer behind the main control panel at the
front top of the dishwasher, or behind the lower access panel. It is
either a mechanical device like a simple clock, or it's completely
electronic with just a digital readout. The timer runs the dishwasher in
a pre-determined pattern. It provides the electricity to all of the
dishwasher components at the correct time, for the correct length of
time.
Selector switch:
A dishwasher usually has one or more selector switches on the
main control panel at the top front of the door. The switch(es) allow
you to choose among wash cycles, drying cycles (heat or no heat),
temperature of the wash or rinse, and so on. The switches tell the
timer which cycle options to engage.
Water-inlet valve:
At the bottom left or right of the dishwasher, there's a water-inlet
valve behind the access panel. This valve lets water flow into the
dishwasher for the wash cycle. It is usually attached to the hot-water
supply line, and to a tube that is then attached to the left or right side
of the dishwasher. When the timer sends electricity to the valve, it
opens and lets water into the dishwasher. The valve stops when the
water level trips the float switch or when the timer stops sending
electricity to the valve.
Float switch:
Dishwashers have something meant to keep them from
overfilling. This is usually a small switch attached to a float--a float
switch. The float, which is usually cylindrical, is inside the dishwasher
at the bottom, usually on the left side. As the water level in the
dishwasher rises, the float rises too. When it reaches a certain height,
the float activates its switch, which cuts the electricity to the water
inlet valve. If the water-inlet valve is defective, the dishwasher may
overfill.
Soap dispenser:
Dishwashers have a soap dispenser located on the inside of the
door. When the timer cycle calls for the soap to be emptied into the

dishwasher, it either sends electricity to a bi-metal switch that opens it,

or it mechanically opens the soap dish.
Rinse aid dispenser:
Some dishwashers have a rinse-aid dispenser on the inside of the
door. When the timer cycle calls for the rinse aid to be emptied into the
dishwasher, it sends electricity to a solenoid switch, which opens the
dispenser and measures rinse aid into the dishwasher.
Drain solenoid:
Beneath some dishwashers, there's a timer-activated drain
solenoid (an electro-magnetic coil) that opens a drain valve, to drain
the wash water through a hose and out to the house's plumbing waste
system.
Thermostat:
Dishwashers have one or more small, cylindrical thermostats.
These are a bit larger in diameter than a dime and have two or more
wires attached to them. They protect the dishwasher, dishes, and
humans by turning off the heating element that heats the water or the
air in the dishwasher when it has reached its pre-set temperature. The
thermostat automatically re-sets when the temperature falls to a lower
level.
Soil sensors:
Many of the more-recent dishwashers use multi-component soil
sensors, which continually monitor the wash water during the wash
cycle. These sensors help the dishwasher to wash for the amount of
time that is appropriate for how dirty the dishes are, rather than for a
pre-set period. When the water becomes clear enough, the sensor
signals the timer to continue with the next cycle.
Door switch:
Dishwashers have a door (or door interlock) switch that--if
properly functioning--shuts off the dishwasher when the door is open.
Drying fan:
Some dishwashers use a small fan to blow air (or heated air) into
the dishwasher to dry the dishes faster. If your machine has a drying
fan, it's beneath the dishwasher, usually in the back right corner.
Heating element:
Dishwashers have at least one heating element--which is often a
circular black tube at the bottom of the dishwasher under the lower
spray arm. The element usually assists in heating the wash and rinse
water to the proper temperature and/or assists in drying the dishes.

Some dishwashers have another heating element integrated with the

drying fan, to warm the air blown into the dishwasher to dry the dishes.

3. The interior:
The interior of a dishwasher is where the dishes go. It contains the dish
racks, the spray arms, and/or the tower that sprays water at the
dishes, the upper part of the pump assembly, and the water filter.

Labeled Diagram of Dishwasher:

Dishwasher Parts:
These are the different parts of dishwasher machine. These parts
can be replaced and installed in machine if one of them parts is
damaged or stops working. These parts can easily be purchased from
market.

Dishrack Roller Axle:

Item # 1460970

Price: $1.00

Dishrack Roller
Item # 943425

Price: $1.40

Tine Clip
Item # 1042060

Price: $1.20

Latch Assembly
Item # 1266679

Price: $22.70

LG Dishwasher Models:
Lds4821ST & LDS4821BB
Features:
These two units are energy star qualified and need the standards
of natural resources. Its you will be able to save energy and
water.
These two models have built-in large tub that offers a large
space.
The 16 place settings allow you to wash more dishes at once. So
you can save energy and time also.
The sense clean wash system uses a sensor that that measures
the level of dirt in the wash water and then adjusts the cycle
accordingly. This feature provides water and energy efficiency.
Advantages:
Both dishwashing models have a sleek exterior, which makes
them a modern addition to your kitchen.
The LoDecible feature is a great advantage of the dishwasher,
because it provides superior noise insulation, so you will
experience minimal noise in the kitchen.
The energy star qualification is another advantage of dishwasher
that will allow you to save energy, water and money.
The control panel of both the dishwashers is easy to use.

The 5 wash cycles offer you the possibility to select the cycle
according to your needs.
The built-in large tub is also a large advantage because it offer
you a large capacity for dishes.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that dishwasher machine is a very useful
machine. It can help us in kitchen work. I can also say that this is an
electronic robot that helps us in kitchen works. This machine not only
helps us, it saves our time also. This also saves energy, money and
water.

References
http://www.repairclinic.com/Dishwasher-How-ThingsWork
http://home.howstuffworks.com/dishwasher.htm
http://www.repairclinic.com/Dishwasher-Built-InAppliance-Diagram
http://www.repairclinic.com/Dishwasher-Parts
http://www.pcappliancerepair.com/category.php?
cat=3&man_id=2&sub_id=80
http://www.dishwashers-reviews.info/lg-lds4821st-andlg-lds4821bb/
http://reviews.cnet.com/dishwashers/
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?
fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&pgw_co
de=DWs