Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
radiacin de
onda larga
dispersin
al espacio
a la atmsfera
absorcin
atmos.
aire y
nubes
al ocano
reflejada
Procesos
fotosintticos
a la atmsfera
Qr
Qe
Qc
Procesos
fotosintticos
Radiacin
Ley de Stefan Boltzmann
W = T4, = 5.6696x10-8 J/ (m2 s K4)
Si T = 5776 K (sol), W = 6.31 x 107 W/m2
Si T = 288 K (Tierra), W = 390 W/m2
Si T = 310 K (nosotros), W = 525 W/m2
Ley de Wien
max = b/T, b = 2.89777 x 10-3 m K
Si T = 5776 K, max = 5 x 10-7 m = 0.5 m
Si T = 288 K, max = 1 x 10-5 m = 10 m
Si T = 310 K, max = 0.9 x 10-5 m = 9 m
300 K
3K
(unidades arbitrarias)
Energa Radiante
(unidades arbitrarias)
Flujo de energa
Radiacin
27.85C
2.85C
-22.15C
-47.15C
-72.15C
Qs=64%
8 (100% cubierto)
Qs=28%
Nubosidad
Observaciones I
0 - 78W - ~ 4890 m
Radiacin de onda
corta (W m-2)
Promedios
diarios
Figure 3. Daily means of cloudiness, incident short-wave radiation, and incoming long-wave radiation
on Antizana Glacier 15, 4890 m asl, between 14 March 2002 and 14 March 2003. Also shown is the
top of atmosphere solar irradiance reduced by 50 W m2. Thick lines are the 15-day running means.
The shaded and white areas refer to two distinct periods of the year, P1 (1 June 2002 to 15 October
2002) and P2 P2 (14 March 2002 to 31 May 2002 and 16 October 2002 to 14 March 2003). Favier et
al 2004 http://www.agu.org/journals/jd/jd0418/2003JD004359/
Oceanografa General /Oceanografa Fsica 5. Balance de calor y de masa
Observaciones II
http://uop.whoi.edu/projects/Stratus/stratus.html
Media diaria
41S - 60W
(NCEP)
Ao 2011
Qs
Oceanografa General /Oceanografa Fsica 5. Balance de calor y de masa
Nubosidad
Nubosidad
http://www.goes.noaa.gov/FULLDISK/GEVS.JPG
Nubosidad estacional en %
~ 85%
~ 25%
Nubosidad estacional en %
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/ml/air/rad_budget.html#ABS
Radiacin solar incidente en el tope de la
atmosfera (W/m2). Slo varia en funcin
del ngulo de incidencia de los rayos del
sol.
Todos los productos son derivados del
sensor AVHARR del satlite NOAA-19.
100 W/m2
Qr
Qs
100 W/m2
Media diaria
41S - 60W
(NCEP)
jun-ago
Temperatura (C)
Radiacin de onda larga desde la superficie del mar en funcin de la
temperatura superficial y la humedad relativa sobre la superficie en ausencia
de nubes.
Oceanografa General /Oceanografa Fsica 5. Balance de calor y de masa
Nubosidad
Observaciones I
0 - 78W - ~ 4890 m
Figure 3. Daily means of cloudiness, incident short-wave radiation, and incoming long-wave radiation on Antizana Glacier 15,
4890 m asl, between 14 March 2002 and 14 March 2003. Also shown is the top of atmosphere solar irradiance reduced by 50 W
m2. Thick lines are the 15-day running means. The shaded and white areas refer to two distinct periods of the year, P1 (1 June
2002 to 15 October 2002) and P2 P2 (14 March 2002 to 31 May 2002 and 16 October 2002 to 14 March 2003). Favier et al 2004
http://www.agu.org/journals/jd/jd0418/2003JD004359/
Oceanografa General /Oceanografa Fsica 5. Balance de calor y de masa
Observaciones II
http://uop.whoi.edu/projects/Stratus/stratus.html
inestable
100 W/m2
Qc
jun-ago
La interface aire-agua
Estructura esquemtica de la interface entre el aire y el agua. Las esferas rojas representan tomos de
Oxgeno y las blancas de Hidrgeno. This image, taken from a classical molecular-dynamics simulation, reveals the
features of liquid water at an airwater interface. Most water molecules form hydrogen bonds to each other, but some at
the surface do not (these are known as dangling bonds). Stiopkin et al.1 report evidence that the surface has a depth of
only one layer of molecules, contradicting theories that interfaces with water impose long-range order deep into the bulk
liquid. (de Jungwrith, P., Nature, 474, 2011).
Oceanografa General /Oceanografa Fsica 5. Balance de calor y de masa
100 W/m2
Qe
jul
0.3 W/m2
100 W/m2
Oceanografa General /Oceanografa Fsica 5. Balance de calor y de masa
Temperatura superficial
W/m2
1015W
-250
-5
250
Sur
Qe
v
A
ocano
atmsfera
El balance de agua
F=PE+R
Atmsfera
Evapo-trasp.
2.31
Precipitacin
3.58
Tierra
42 000
Ros
1.27
12.7
Evaporacin
13.10
Precipitacin
11.83
Ocanos
1 335 040
Ocano
Evaporacin
Precipitacin
Ros
Neto
103 km3/ao
-413
373
40
0
Sv
-13.1
11.9
1.3
0.0
%
85
77
Continentes
Evaporacin
Precipitacin
Ros
Neto
-73
113
-40
0
-2.3
3.6
-1.3
0.0
15
23
Evaporacin
(mm/3h 29 cm/ao)
Precipitacin
(mm/3h 29 cm/ao)
Evaporacin Precipitacin
Media anual (mm/da )
Ocano
Fs
(106 m3/s)
Atlntico
-0.69
Indico
-0.64
Pacfico
.051
rtico
.08
Salinidad superficial
Q2
Qi = mi Cp Ti
m1
m2
m1 S1 + m2 S2 = 0