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NUMERICO
x = 1,2,2>,
4 x 1x 2 + x 3=7
4 x 18 x 2 + x 3=21
2 x 1+ x2 +5 x 3=15
SOLUCIN:
1
1
E1 : x 1=()+ x 2 x 3 +7
4
4
1
1
21
E2 : x 2= x +( )+ x 3 +
2 1
8
8
2
1
E2 :x 3 = x1 x 2 +()+3
5
5
k
(k)
1
10
11
12
1,750
00
1,843
75
1,962
50
1,9906
2
1,99414
1,9985
9
1,999
64
1,9997
7
1,9999
4
1,9999
8
1,9999
9
2,000
00
3,375
00
3,875
00
3,925
00
3,9765
6
3,99531
3,9971
8
3,999
11
3,9998
2
3,9998
8
3,9999
6
3,9999
9
4,000
00
3,000
00
3,025
00
2,962
50
3,0000
0
3,00092
2,9985
9
3,000
00
3,0000
3
2,9999
4
3,0000
0
3,0000
0
3,000
00
0,673
14
0,201
65
0,091
85
0,0252
0,0034
4 0,00756
5
0,000
96
0,0002 0,0001
9
4
x(k)
2
x(k)
3
E A =xx (k)2
0,0000 0,0000
4
1
SOLUCIN:
4 X 13 X 2=24
[ ]
3
x
4 2
x1
x 2 = 3 x1
4
x3
1
x
4 2
[]
3 X 14 X 2 X 3=30
+1
x +7,5
4 3
6
X 2+ 4 X 3=24
[]
[]
3
x= 4
5
K
X1(k)
1 5,25
1
(0)
x =1
1
10
3,140
6
3,087
9
0,054
9
3,034
3
3,021
4
3,0184
3,008
4
3,005
2
3,003
3
X2(k)
3,812
5
1 5,046
8
2,258
7
2
3,882
8
5,029
3
0,185
3
X3(k)
llXX(k)ll2
3,926
7
5,018
3
0,115
3,954
2
5,011
4
2,945
4
3,971
4
5,007
1
0,045
2
3,982
1
5,004
4
0,028
2
3,9888
3,993
-5,0028
5,001
7
0,0211
7
0,011
( J )=0<1
3,995
6
5,001
7
0,007
0
3,997
2
5,000
7
0,004
3
( G )=2>1
Qu se puede concluir?
x 1+2 x 22 x3 =7
x 1+ x 2 + x 3=2
2 x 1 +2 x2 + x 3=5
J = A1
D ( A L + AU )
Del sistema dado se puede observar que la matriz de coeficientes es:
A=
1 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 1
( )
0 0 0
1 0 0 =A L =
2 2 0
( )
1 0 0
0 1 0 =A D
0 0 1
0 2 2
0 0 1 = AU
0 0 0
Por lo tanto
( )
1 0 0
0 2 2
0 2 2
1
A1
=
,
A
+
A
=
y
A
A
+
A
=
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 0 1
D
L
U
D ( L
U)
0 0 1
2 2 0
2 2 0
( )(
1 0 0 0 2 2
0 1 0 1 0 1 =
0 0 1 2 2 0
||
2
( 1 0 0 ) 1 =2
0
||
0
( 1 0 0 ) 1 =0 ,
2
||
2
( 1 0 0 ) 0 =2
2
||
||
||
( 0 1 0 ) 1 =1 ,
( 0 1 0 ) 0 =0 ,
( 0 1 0 ) 1 =1
||
||
||
( 0 0 1 ) 1 =2 ,
( 0 0 1 ) 0 =2 ,
( 0 0 1 ) 1 =0
0 2 2
J = A ( A L + A U ) = 1 0 1
2 2 0
1
D
Es decir:
J debemos hallar
det ( J ) , donde:
2 2
J = 1 1
2 2
[(
[(
)]
2 2
, Por lo tanto: det ( J )=det 1 1
2 2
)]
[(
)]
[(
)]
[ 22 ] +2 [ 2 ] +2 [ 22 ]
3 +2 +2 4+ 44
3
Es decir
( J )=det ( J ) =
( J )=0 ,
3=0 =0
Es decir:
El radio espectral de
es
son
( J )=max {| 1| ,
| 2| , | 3|}
( G )=2>1,
Debemos probar
donde
G =( A D + A L )1 A U
A=
1 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 1
( )
0 0 0
1 0 0 =A L =
2 2 0
( )
1 0 0
0 1 0 =A D
0 0 1
0 2 2
0 0 1 = AU
0 0 0
Por lo tanto
( )( ) ( )
1 0 0
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 0 1
2 2 0
2 2 1
( A D + A L) = 0 1 0 + 1 0 0 = 1 1 0
( | )
1 0 01 0 0
( A D + A L )1= 1 1 0 0 1 0
2 2 10 0 1
f 1 ladejamos igual
f 2=f 1 (1 ) + f 2
f 3 ladejamos igual
Entonces,
( |
( |
1 0 0 1
0 0 f 1 ladejamos igual
0 1 0 1 1 0 f 2 ladejamos igual Por lotanto ,
2 0 1 2 2 1 f 3=f 1 (2 ) + f 3
( |
1 0 0 1
0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 1 0 2 1
1
0 0
( A D + A L )1= 1 1 0
0 2 1
Es decir
Entonces:
)
(
)(
)(
1 0
0 0 2 2
0 2 2
G =( A D + A L ) A U = 1 1 0 0 0 1 = 0 2 3
0
2 1 0 0 0
0 0
2
1
||
(1 0 0 ) 0 =2 ,
||
( 1 1 0 ) 0 =2 ,
||
2
( 0 2 1 ) 0 =0 ,
0
(1 0 0 ) 0 =0 ,
0
( 1 1 0 ) 0 =0 ,
0
0
( 0 2 1 ) 0 =0 ,
0
Polinomio caracterstico de
||
2
0
||
2
(1 0 0 ) 1 =2
0
||
( 1 1 0 ) 1 =3
||
2
( 0 2 1 ) 1 =2
0
2
0
G =det ( G ) , donde:
||
2
0
||
[(
2
2
det ( G ) =det 0 2 3
0
0
2
)]
[(
)]
[(
)]
[(
3 (2 ) det 0 3 + ( 2 ) det 0 2
( ) det 2
0
2
0 2
0
0
)]
[ ( 2 )( 2 )0 ]+ 2 [ 0 ] +2 [ 0 ]
[ 42 2 + 2 ]
Los valores caractersticos de
El radio espectral de
G es
[ 44 + 2 ]
G
son:
= [ ( 2 )( 2 ) ]
( G )=max {|1|,
|2|, |3|}
x 1+ dx 2x 3=b 2
x 1x 2+ dx 3=b 3
Halle P(TJ) e indique cuales deben ser los valores que deben tomar d de
tal; manera que el mtodo jacobi converja.
Solucin
d
1 1
A=1 d 1
1
1 d
AL=
0
0 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
AD=
[ ]
d 0
0 d
0 0
[ ] [ ]
d 0 0
1
AD = 0 d 0
0 0 d
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
1
d
0
0
1 0 0
F1
F 1=
0 d 0
d
0 0 d
0 0
1 0
0 1
1
d
1 0 0
F2
F 2=
0 1 0
d
0 0 d
0
1
d
0
0
0
F 3=
0
1
[ ]
[ ]
1 0 0
F3
0 1 0
d
0 0 1
Ahora multiplicamos
1
d
1
d
1
d
AD 1 ( AL+ AU )
[ ][
1
d
AD ( AL+ AU )= 0
1
d
0 1 1
0 1 0 1
1 1 0
1
d
0
0
d
AU=
0 1 1
0 0 1
0 0
0
[ ]
[
]
[ ]
[
]
[ ]
[ ]
AD 1 ( AL+ AU ) =
TJ I =
TJ
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
0
d
1 1
d
d
TJ I =
I =
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
0
d
1
d
TJ
1
0
d
1 0 0
1
0 1 0
d
0 0 1
0
1
0
d
0 0
1
0 0
d
0 0
0
1
d
1
d
[ ] [ ] [ ]
1
1
d = 1 det d
d
1
det
1
d
1
1
d 1 det d
d
1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
+ [ 2 ]
2
d d
d d2 d
d
d
1
d
1
1
1 1 1
+ 2 3 3 + 2
2
d
d
d d d
3 +3
1
1
2 3
2
d
d
polinomio caracterstico
1
1
2 3
2
d
d
hacemos
3 +3 u22 u3
Por divisin sintetica.
1 0 3 u22 u3 u
uu2 2u3
2
1u 2u 0
( u )=0
=u
=2 u =u
Los valores caractersticos son;
=2 u , u ,u
u=
1
d
=2
1 1 1
, ,
d d d
|2d |,|1d|,|1d|}
P (TJ )=max {
2 1 1
P (TJ )=max { , , }
d d d
P (TJ )=
1
d
P (TJ )=
1
d
OTRO PUNTO 4
A) TOCA REVISAR
Para el siguiente sistema:
d x 1x 2x 3=b1
x 1 +d x2 x3 =b2
x 1x 2 +d x3 =b3
Halle
d
(T j)
Solucin:
Para el sistema
d x 1x 2x 3=b1
x 1 +d x2 x3 =b2
x 1x 2 +d x3 =b3
Se tiene que:
d 1 1
A= 1 d 1
1 1 d
] [ ] [
0
0 0
d 0
A L= 1 0 0 , A D= 0 d
1 1 0
0 0
0
0 1 1
0 , AU = 0 0 1
d
0 0
0
[ ]
1
d
A D1= 0
1
d
1
d
0 1 1
A L + AU = 1 0 1
1 1 0
[ ]
[( ] [ ]) [ ]
0
T J = A D ( A L + A U )=
Ahora hallemos
0
1
d
det ( T J I )
0
det ( T J I )=det
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
1
d
0
1
d
1
d
1
d
0
, donde:
1
1
1
d
d
d
1 0 0
1
1
1
0 1 0 =det
d
d
d
0 0 1
1
1
0
d
d
det ( T J I )=( ) ( )( )
det ( T J I )=( ) 2
1
1
2
d
d
) ( )( d d1 )+( 1d )( d1 + d )
det ( T J I )=3 +
1 1
+ 2+ 3 + 3+ 2
2
d d d d d
det ( T J I )= +
3 2
+
d2 d3
( )( d d2 )
3 2
1
3 = +
2
d
d
d
( )( 2d )( + 1d )
3 2
1
3 = +
2
d
d
d
( ) ( 2d )
1 2
1
2
2
+
=0 =
, =0 =
d
d
d
d
( )
( )
TJ
son:
1
2
2=
d
d
El radio espectral de
TJ
es
(T J )
|1d |,|2d|}
( T J )=max {
( T J )=
2
|d|
(, 2 ) ( 2, ) .
( T J ) <1
, por lo que
5.
Considere
siguiente
[ ][ ] [ ]
1
1
x (1k )
d
=
x (2k )
1
[]
el
( T J )=
1
x (1k1 ) 1 d
+
( k1 )
1
1
x
+1 2
1
d
d
1
1
|d|
. Pruebe que
SOLUCIN:
tj ( )=det ( T jI )
1
sea x = 1
d
1
x+ 2= +1
d
T
1
1
( jI )= d
1
1
1
+1
d
1
det ( T jI )= x
1 x +2
2
x ( x +2 ) +1=x +2 x +1
2
1
1
1 +2 1 +1
d
d
) (
2
+1+ 2
2
d
d
1 2
+ 2
2
d
d
iterativo:
2
1
T ( )= 2 + 2
d
d
J
convergen.
esquema
+ 2x +
2
2 -2x +1
d
1
2
2 + 2
d d
Para el radio espectral partimos del polinomio caracterstico en
funcin de x
( x+1 )2 =0
( x+1 )( x +1 )=0
x+ 1=0 y x +1=0
x=1con miultiplicidad 2
1
1
1=1 =0
d
d
1=
1
1
y 2=
d
d
( Tj ) =max
{| | | |} | |
1 1
1 |1| 1
,
= = =
d d
d |d| |d|
1
|d|
( Tj ) =
||
1
1
<1 <1
d
|d|
1
1< <1 la solucion de lainecuacon esta dada por : (,1 ) ( 1, )
d
Considerando el siguiente esquema iterativo de Jacobi:
[ ][ ] [ ]
1
1
(k )
x1
d
=
( )
x2 k
1
[ ]
1
1
( k1)
x1
d
+
( k1)
1
1
+1 x 2
1
d
d
1
(k1)
x =T ( x )
+c
En este caso T es Tj
PTj ( )=det(TjI )
Pero:
[ ][
1
1
TjI = d
1
TjI =
1
+1
d
1 0
0 1
1
1
d
1
+ 1
d
En donde:
1
m=
d
([
1
det (TjI )=det m1
1 m+ 1
PTj (m)=( m+1 )( m1 )+ 1
2
PTj ( )=
( )
])
PTj ( )
PTj ( )=
1 2
2
+
2
d d
Como
1=
1
d
2=
1
d
1
m= :
d
( T j )=max
{| | | |} | |
1 1
1
,
=
d d
d
Por lo tanto:
( T j )=
|d|
|d|>1
6.
Determine un polinomio
P ( x )=a x + b x + c x +d
siguientes condiciones:
P ( 0 )=2 ,
P (1 )=8 ,
SOLUCION:
0
( 2)+ d
P ( 0 )=2 2=a(06)+b (0 4)+c
d=2 ecuacin 1
1
( 2)+ d
P (1 )=8 2=a(16)+b (1 4)+ c
a+b +c +d=8 EC 2
d2
4
2
P( x) ] =30 ax +12 b x +2 c
2[
dx
0
0
( 2)+ 2c=2
30 a( 4)+12 b
d2
[ P (0)] =
d x2
2 c=2
c=1 ecuacin3
P (0)=-2
P(-1)=8
1
1
( 2)+2 c=8
30 a( 4)+12 b
2
d
[ P(1)]=
d x2
30 a+12 b+2 c=8 ecuacin 4
30 a+12 b=10 Ec 6
De la ecuacin 5 despejamos a
a=7b
Reemplazando en ecuacin 6
30(7b)+12 b=10
21030 b+ 12b=10
21018 b=10
b=
200 100
=
18
9
Por tanto
a=7
200 74 37
=
=
18
18
9
Luego
P ( x )=
37 6 100 4 2
x +
x x +2
9
9
d=2 y c=1
respecto a
P4
. Use
x+2
3 .
=
k!
k=0
3
k
k
f ( 2 ) (x2)
k!
k=0
Tenemos que
P3 (x) =
Es decir P3 ( x )=
(0)
0
(1)
1
(2)
2
(3)
3
f ( 2 ) (x2) f ( 2 ) (x2) f ( 2 ) (x2) f ( 2 ) ( x2)
+
+
+
0!
1!
2!
3!
= f
(2)
1
1
( 2 )+ f (1 ) ( 2 ) ( x2)+ f (2) ( 2 )( x2)2 + f (3 ) ( 2 ) ( x2)3
2
6
1
( 0)
f ( 2 )=( 2+2 )
f ( 1) ( x ) =
1
2
1
2 ( x +2)
f ( 2) ( 2 ) =
f ( 1) ( 2 )=
==>
0 ( 2 ( x+ 2 ) )1 0+
f ( 2) ( x ) =
(0)
f ( 2 )=2
==>
1
2 ( x+2 )
2
1
1
=
2 (2+2) 4
) = 2 1( x +2) =
4 ( x+ 2)
(2 ( ( x +2 ) ) )
1
==>
( 4 x+ 8 ) ( 2 ( x +2 ) )
1
1
=
( 4 (2)+8 ) ( 2 ( 2+2 ) ) 64
0 [ ( 8 x +16 ) ( ( x +2 )) ]
f ( 3) ( x ) =
Entonces
16 ( x +2 ) +1
2 ( x +2 )
2
[ ( 8 x+ 16 ) ( x +2 ) ]
16 ( x +2 ) +1
2 ( x+ 2 )
2
[( 8 x +16 ) ( x +2 ) ]
16 ( x+ 2 )+1
[ 2 ( x +2 ) ] [ ( 8 x+16 ) ( ( x +2 ) )]
11
3072
f ( 3) ( 2 )=
1
1
11
2
3
P3 (x)=2+ ( x2 )
(x2) +
( x2)
4
128
18432
F(x) P3 (x)
==>
1
1
1
11
2
3
(x+ 2) 2 2+ 4 ( x2 ) 128 ( x2) + 18432 (x2)
Por lo tanto:
F(
3 ) P3 ( 3)
==> 1.93181.9324.
n=4
de la funcin
f ( x )= cos ( t) dt
1
respecto a
x 0=0
. Use
P4
para aproximar
f (0,1)
()
f ( x )=sen ( x )1
Ahora de la funcin obtenida, la derivamos cuatro veces de la
siguiente manera:
f ( x )=sen ( x )1 ; f ' ( x )=cos ( x ) ; f ' ( t )=sen ( x ) ; f ' ' ( x )=cos ( x )
'''
f ( x )=sen(x )
P4 ( x )
directamente es lo siguiente:
( 2)
( 3)
f ( xo)
f ( xo )
P4 ( x )=f ( x o ) + f ( x o ) ( xx o ) +
xx o )2 +
xx o )3
(
(
2
6
(0 )
( 1)
( 4)
+ f ( xo )
4
( xx o )
24
x
( 2)
sen( 0)
x
( 3)
cos( 0)
6
P4 ( x )=[ sen ( 0 )1 ] + [ cos ( 0 ) (x) ] +
x
( 4)
sen( 0)
24
+
1
P4 ( x )=1,0000+ x x 3
6
f ( 0.1 ) P4 ( 0.1 ) :
1
f ( 0.1 ) P4 ( 0.1 ) f ( 0.1 ) 1,0000+ ( 0.1 ) ( 0.1 )3 f ( 0.1 )=0.9002
6