Power Transformer

By
Dr. Tarek Saad Abdel-Salam

1
 TRANSFORMER TYPES
• Transformers can be constructed so
that they are designed to perform a
specific function. A basic
understanding of the various types of
transformers is necessary to
understand the role transformers play
in today’s facilities

2
 TRANSFORMER TYPES
• a. Power
• b. Control
• c. Auto
• d. Isolation
• e. Instrument current
• f. Instrument potential

3
 Power Transformer
• Power transformers are generally used in electrical power d
stribution and transmission systems. This class of transformer
has the highest power, or volt-ampere ratings, and the highest
continuous voltage rating. The power rating is normally
determined by the type of cooling methods the transformer
may use. Some commonly-used methods of cooling are by
using oil or some other heat-conducting material. Ampere rating
is increased in a distribution transformer by increasing the size of
the primary and secondary windings; voltage ratings are
increased by increasing the voltage rating of the insulation used
in making the transformer.

4
 Control Transformer
• Control transformers are generally used
in electronic circuits that require const
ant voltage or constant current with
a low power or volt-amp rating.
• Various filtering devices, such as
capacitors, are used to minimize the v
ariations in the output.
This results in a more constant voltage
or current.

5
 Auto Transformer
• The auto transformer is generally used in low
power applications where a variable voltage
is required. The auto transformer is a special
type of power transformer. It consists of only
one winding. By tapping or connecting at certain
points along the winding, different voltages can
be obtained

6
Auto Transformer

7
 Isolation Transformer
• Isolation transformers are normally low pow
er transformers used to isolate noise from
or to ground electronic circuits.
• Since a transformer cannot pass DC
voltage from primary to secondary, any DC
voltage (such as noise) cannot be passed, and
the transformer acts to isolate this noise.

8
 Instrument Potential
Transformer
• The instrument potential transformer (PT)
steps down voltage of a circuit to a low
value that can be effectively and safely
used for operation of instruments such as
voltmeters, watt meters, and relays used
for various protective purposes.

9
Instrument Current Transformer
• The instrument current transformer (CT)
steps down the current of a circuit to a
lower value and is used in the same types
of equipment as a potential
transformer. This is done by constructing
the secondary coil consisting of many
turns of wire, around the primary coil,
which contains only a few turns of wire. In
this manner, measurements of high values
of current can be obtained
10
 Summary
• Power transformers are generally
used in power distribution and
transmission systems.
• Control transformers are generally used in
circuits that require constant voltage or
constant current with a low power or volt-
amp rating.

11
 Summary
• Auto transformers are generally used in low
power applications where a variable voltage is
required.
• Isolation transformers are normally low power
transformers used to isolate noise from or to
ground electronic circuits.
• Instrument potential and instrument current
transformers are used for operation
of instruments such as ammeters, voltmeters,
watt meters, and relays used for various
protective purposes.
12
 Types of power transformer
• (A) Oil Immersed Power Transformers

• (B) Dry type Power Transformers

• (C) Special Power Transformers

13
Oil Immersed Power Transformers
• Double Wounded, Three Phase Power
Transformers with On Load Tap
Changer
rated 12 ► 63 MVA

• Double Wounded, Three Phase Power

Transformers with On Load Voltage
Control
• rated 2.5 ► 10 MVA
14
Oil Immersed Power Transformers
• Electrical Network Interconnecting
Transformers and Autotransformers

• Three Phase Power Transformers and

Autotransformers having 3 Windings,
with On Load Voltage Control
• rated 25 ► 200 MVA

15
Oil Immersed Power Transformers
• Three Phase Power Transformers and
Autotransformers without Voltage
Control or with No Load Voltage
Control
• rated 67 ► 160 MVA

• Three Phase Power Transformers for

Drilling Plants
16
Oil Immersed Power Transformers
• Three Phase Power Transformers for
the Internal Services of the Nuclear
Power Plant

• Three Phase Power Transformers for

the Internal Services of the Power Plant

17
Oil Immersed Power Transformers
• Three Phase Power Transformers with
Fixed Ratio
rated 170 ► 440 MVA

• Three Phase Power Transformers with

No Load Tap Changing
rated 1000 ► 1600 kVA, in special
construction
18
Oil Immersed Power Transformers
• Transformers used to supply the Static
Power Converter

19
Double Wounded, Three Phase Power Transformers with
On Load Tap Changer

• Conditions of operation
• The transformers are meant to operate in power
transport networks at the ambient temperatures
of max. + 40°C and min. - 35°C.
• The altitude of the installation site is max. 1000
m above the sea level.
• At the customer's request, the transformers may
be manufactured to operate in tropical
environment with ambient temp. 45-55°C and
protected by encapsulation for polluted areas.

20
Double Wounded, Three Phase Power Transformers with
On Load Tap Changer

• Construction features
• The magnetic circuit is made of carlyte insulated,
grain oriented, cold rolled silicous steel sheet
with low specific losses
• The windings are made of paper insulated
copper wire.
• They are helical type or flat coils on the LV side
and continuous in the flat coils on the HV side.
• The tank is bell or cover type, made of welded
steel plate, stiffened with ribs.
21
Double Wounded, Three Phase Power Transformers with
On Load Tap Changer
Overall Overall
Rating Voltage Uk Po Pk Connection Wdg.
Weight Dimensions
(MVA) (kV) (%) (kW) (kW) group Material
(kg) (LxWxH)(mm)
12 33/11 8 10.5 65 Dyn5 Cu 33400 5340x3825x3890
15/20 132/15/3.3 9/19/8 21 100 Ynyn0d Cu 56700 6415x4150x4430
16 110/22 11 18 94 YND11 Al 34800 5980x3084x4278
25 110/22 17 24 139 YNd11 Al 50200 6480x3715x4755
25 154/6.3 11 25 110 YNyn0 Cu 62800 7634x4730x4820
25 110/22 11 21 143 YNd11 Al 42400 3970x3215x4175
25 116/6.3 14 25 143 YNd11 Cu 40300 5866x3890x4476
25 154/34.5 10 24 115 YNyn0 Cu 62500 7505x4630x5635
25 110/22 11 21 143 Ynd11 Al 29650 5490x3774x4660
17.5/35 66/11 15.5 18.5 36/145 YNd11 Cu 54000 6150x4450x4435
40 110/22 1212 31 165 YNd11 Cu 59250 6305x4066x4520
40 110/6.6 18.5 34 220 YNd11 Al 62300 7380x3525x5045
50 150/15.75 21 42 190 Dyn1 Cu 110500 7375x5620x6220
63 110/22 12 55 265 YNd11 Al 80800 7070x5165x6170
63 150/10.5 12 55 300 Ynd11 Al 88150 7715x4105x6010
6.3/31.5/31.5 110/6.3/6.3 1.114-13 65 110 Dyn1yn1 Cu 121500 8250x3725x6470
63 110/38.5 13 45 260 YNd11 Cu 76000 6515x4350x5210
16 110/6.6 11 18 94 YNd11 Al 34800 5900x3084x4278
15/20 66/11 10 16 90 Dyn11 Cu 33000 4550x4630x4519
15/20 66/6.6 10 16 90 Dyn11 Cu 33000 4550x4630x4510
25 110/6.3 11 21 143 YNd11 Al 43030 5940x3772x4660
25 66/11/6.3 11 22 140 YNyn0d1 Cu 55800 6770x4230x4600
25/30 150/15/6.6 10 28 160 YNyn0d1 Cu 76000 7850x4650x5900
30/50 115/22 16.66 26 200 YNd11 Cu 79000 7000x5000x5330
22
40/50 161.25/6.6-6,6 10 33 159 YNy2y2 Cu 103000 7350x4600x6100
40/50 150/21 >19 25 161 YNyn0 Cu 105000 7875x5060x5900
Double Wounded, Three Phase Power Transformers with
On Load Tap Changer

1. HV bushings 10. Jacking supports

2. HV neutral bushing 11. Oil draining and filtering valve
3. LV bushings 12. Control cabinet
4. Oil conservator 13. Wheels
5. On load tap changer 14. Fans
6. Motor drive for OLTC 15. Winding temperature indicator
7. Pressure relief device 16. Oil temperature indicator
8. Dehydrating breather 17. Buchholz relay
9. Radiator 23
Oil Immersed Power Transformers
• Double Wounded, Three Phase Power
Transformers with On Load Voltage
Control
rated 2.5 ► 10 MVA

24
 Double Wounded, Three Phase Power Transformers
with On Load Voltage Control

• Conditions of operation
• The transformers are destined to operate in
electric power carrying networks at the ambient
temperatures of max. + 40º C and min. - 40º C.
The altitude of the installation site is max 1000 m
above the sea level.
At the user's request, transformers being able to
operate at tropical temperatures can be
manufactured.

25
 Double Wounded, Three Phase Power Transformers
with On Load Voltage Control

• Construction features
• The magnetic circuit is made of carlyte insulated,
grain oriented, cold rolled silicous steel sheet
with low specific losses.
• The transformers windings are made of paper
insulated copper wire and their type is: helical or
continuous in flat coils on the HV side and
continuous in flat coils on the LV side.
• The tank is bell or cover type, made of steel
plate, welded construction, stiffened by ribs.

26
 Double Wounded, Three Phase Power Transformers
with On Load Voltage Control

Rating Voltage Uk Po Pk Overall Weight Overall Dimensions

Connection group Bob.
(MVA) (kV) (%) (kW) (kW) (kg) (LxWxH)(mm)

2.55 66/11.5 9 4.1 21 Dyn11 Cu 22325 4800x2800x4265

5 66/11.5 9 7.25 28.8 Dyn11 Cu 27200 4780x2970x4470
6.3 132/34.5 8 8.6 32 YnZn11 Cu 33300 5600x2875x4765
7.5 33/1 7.5 6.3 41 Ynd11 Cu 22900 5115x3810x3410
10 110/22 11 16 68 Ynd11 Al 32390 5505x3120x3470

10/13 132/11.5 12 10 73 Dyn1 Cu 34900 5410x5010x4600

27
Double Wounded, Three Phase Power Transformers
with On Load Voltage Control

1. HV bushings 10. Jacking supports

2. HV neutral bushing 11. Oil draining and filtering valve
3. LV bushings 12. Control cabinet
4. Oil conservator 13. Wheels
5. On load tap changer 14. Fans
6. Motor drive for OLTC 15. Winding temperature indicator
7. Pressure relief device 16. Oil temperature indicator
8. Dehydrating breather 17. Buchholz relay
9. Radiator

28
 Dry type Power Transformers
• Dry type Power Transformers
rated 10kVA ► 1600 kVA

• Dry type Power Transformers for

Rectifier Plants and for Converters
rated 430; 550; 630; 720; 900 kVA

29
 Dry type Power Transformers
rated 10kVA ► 1600 kVA

• Conditions of operation
• The transformers are meant to supply the inner
auxiliaries of the power stations within the underground
train stations and residential districts. The transformers
are rated to operate in suitably ventilated closed rooms
and are supplied from electrical grids free from the
atmospheric surge voltages.
• The ambient temperatures are:
• max. ambient temperature: +40° C
• max. air daily average temperature +30° C
• min. air temperature -15° C
• max. altitude: 1000 m above the sea level
• Protection degree: IP00 or IP20
30
 Dry type Power Transformers
rated 10kVA ► 1600 kVA

• Construction features
• The magnetic circuit is made of carlyte insulated,
grain oriented, cold rolled silicous steel sheet
• The windings are manufactured of glass-fiber
and enamel insulated cooper wire, impregnated
in electro-insulating varnish.
• The winding types used are: cylindrical or helical
on the LV side and layered or continuous, in flat
coils on the HV side.
• The voltage control on the HV side is achieved
at a terminal plate, by means of ringlets (bars).

31
 Dry type Power Transformers
rated 10kVA ► 1600 kVA

• Construction features
• The HV and LV connections are manufactured of glass
fiber strip insulated copper buses.
• The outlets are taken out on the transformer small side
or top, on the HV side through bushings and on the LV
one through buses.
Function of the customer's request and with the
manufacturer's agreement, the outlets may be located
otherwise too: by performing the required changes of the
overall dimensions.
• The protection housing is made of steel sheet placed on
a metal frame. At the top it is provided with louvers
enabling air free flow.
The transformer may be lifted by means of lugs provided
on its structure.
32
 Dry type Power Transformers
rated 10kVA ► 1600 kVA
Rating Voltage Uk Po Pk Overall Weight Overall Dimensions
Connection group
(kVA) (kV) (%) (kW) (kW) (kg) (LxWxH)(mm)
10 0.38/0.048 3 0.11 0.25 Dy11 140 700x300x440
25 0.38/0.052 4 0.17 0.4 Yyn0 240 850x355x530
40 0.38/0.122 4 0.24 0.68 Yy0 300 805x350x570
60 0.5/0.23 4 0.4 1 Yy0 450 950x510x780
100 10/0.4 3.5 0.86 1.05 Yy0 1045 1925x840x1060
160 6/0.47 8 0.55 2.8 Yyn0 746 1240x440x960
200 6.3/0.4 4 0.95 2.5 Yyn0 1085 1280x620x1258
250 20/0.4 6 1.3 3.2 Dyn5 1670 1640x676x1500
315 6/0.47 4 1.4 2.4 Yyn0 2125 2340x780x1725
400 6.3/0.4 6 1.5 3.8 Dyn5 1885 2200x1000x1350
630 6.3/0.66 6 1.75 6 Dy05 2600 2155x1030x1670
630 20/0.4 6 2.3 7.2 Dyn5 2485 1840x800x1620
750 13.8/0.4 8 1.9 6.5 Dyn11 3120 1750x850x1880
800 6/0.427 6 2.1 7 Dd6 2846 1630x790x1643
900 6/0.66 6.5 2.2 6.8 Dy11 3300 2150x800x1355
1000 6/0.4 6 2.5 8.5 Dyn5 3370 2200x1050x1840
1000 10/0.4 6 2.7 8.5 Dyn5 3640 2300x1100x1950
1600 6.3/0.4 6 3 11 Dyn-5 5655 2660x1050x2360
33
 Dry type Power Transformers
rated 10kVA ► 1600 kVA

1. LV buses 7. Grounding terminal

2. HV bushing 8. Undercarriage
3. Lifting lug 9. Temperature micro relay
4. Name plate 10. Shutter
5. Warning name plate 11. Lifting lugs for housing
6. Alarms name plate 12. Removable cover

34
 Dry type Power Transformers for Rectifier Plants and for
Converters

• Conditions of operation
• Temperate environment in properly
ventilated closed room:
• the max. ambient temperature +40°C; the
min. ambient temperature -15°C;
• the max. altitude 1000m.
• IP00 or IP22 protection degree (with
housing for protection).
35
 Dry type Power Transformers for Rectifier Plants and for
Converters

• Construction features
• The magnetic circuit is of carlyte insulated, grain
oriented, cold rolled silicous steel sheet with low specific
losses.
• The windings are made of copper wire, insulated with
enamel and glass fibber impregnated in electro-
insulating varnish.
• The practical winding types are: cylindrical on the LV
side and continuous on the HV side.
• The insulation of the winding is made of glass fibber
fabric in layers.
• The control on the high voltage range is made at a
terminal box.

36
 Dry type Power Transformers for Rectifier Plants and for
Converters

Construction features
The connections are made of copper buses, insulated with
a glass-fibber strip.
• The terminals are brought out of the shorter housing
walls through bushings for high voltage side, and
through copper buses for the low voltage side.
• The protection housing is made of steel sheet, fixed on a
metallic structure.
• At the upper part, it is provided with louvers and holes for
air exchange and at the lower side, the transformer has
a skid and earthing pad.
• The transformer lifting is made by means of lifting eyes
provided on the structures.
37
 Dry type Power Transformers for Rectifier Plants and for
Converters

Rating Voltage Uk Po Pk Overall Weight Overall Dimensions

Connection group
(kVA) (kV) (%) (kW) (kW) (kg) (LxWxH)(mm)
30 60/0.38 6.5 1.4 4 Dy11 1936 1960x800x1150
430 10/0.42 6.5 1.5 4 Dy11 2060 2270x1000x2000
550 6/0.44 6.5 1.5 5 Dy11 2135 1960x760x1270
630 6/0.44 5.5 1.75 5.5 Dy11 2490 1590x840x1490
720 6/0.36 6.5 2.05 6 Dd0 2950 2100x1000x1625
720 10/0.42 6.5 1.95 6 Dy11 2925 2280x1010x1565
900 6/0.825 6.5 2.2 6.6 Dy11 3360 2220x750x1480
900 6/0.43 6.5 2.2 6.6 Dy11 3490 2220x750x1480

38
 Dry type Power Transformers for Rectifier Plants and for
Converters

1. LV buses 6. Lifting lugs

2. HV bushing 7. Grounding terminal
3. HV protection box 8. Undercarriage
4. Lifting lugs for housing 9. Removable cover
5. Housing 10. Name plat

39
 Special Power Transformers
• Fire Damp Transformers
• rated 100 ► 500 kVA

• Transformers Supplying the Induction

Electrical Furnaces
• rated 250 kVA ► 5000 kVA

40
 Fire Damp Transformers

• Conditions of operation
• in explosive atmosphere, in the coal mines
and other industrial departments
• max. ambient temperature +40° C; min.
ambient temperature -15° C
• air relative humidity 95 ± 3%; max. altitude
1000m
• protection degree of the housing and
terminal boxes IP-54
41
 Fire Damp Transformers

• Construction parameters
• The transformer is made of:
• The transformer proper, with its components: the
magnetic circuit, which is made of carlyte insulated, cold
rolled siliceous steel sheet ; the windings, which are
made of glass-fibber and enamel insulated copper wire,
impregnated in electro-insulating varnish. The winding
types used are: cylindrical on the LV side and layer type
on the HV side. The winding insulation is of glass-fiber
fabric in layers. Voltage control on the HV side is
performed by changing the connections to the bushings.

42
 Fire Damp Transformers

• Construction parameters
• The LV compartment affords achieving electrical
diagram of the LV wiring within the explosion-
proof housing and has the following components:
– USOL automatic breaker provided with maximal and
overload protection, with remote making and breaking
tapping device, manually driven at remote making and
breaking operations;
– insulation resistance permanent and warning control
device, disconnecting the secondary circuit when the
insulation resistance decreases below a certain value;
measuring instruments : ammeter, voltmeter, current
transformer; terminal box with removable bushings
affording connection of the supply outlets of the users,
signalling-control;

43
 Fire Damp Transformers

• Construction parameters
• The HV side duty is to energize and de-energize the
transformer unit. Components and instruments: load
special separating switch for making and breaking the
no load currents in the dry type transformer; it is
manually operated, mechanically and electrically
interlocked by means of the LV circuit breaker; device
to visually check voltage availability at the load
separating switch inlet terminals before penetrating
into the HV compartment; mini-circuit breaker which
automatically opens the dry type transformer supply
circuit, before penetrating into the HV compartment;
terminal box with removable bushings affording to
connect the supply and control signaling incoming
wires.
44
 Fire Damp Transformers

• Construction parameters
• The fire dump housing is made of steel sheet,
having different thickness for the 3 chambers.
The LV and HV compartment housings are
provided with doors ensuring safety, as per
STAS 6877/2. The housing of transformer
proper is provided with tubes for heat
exchange/dissipation. Outside, the housing is
provided with: 4 wheels-undercarriage with
375 mm diameter, having the gauge required
by the customer, limit facility on the length,
lifting lugs.
45
 Fire Damp Transformers

Rating Voltage Uk Po Pk Overall Weight Overall Dimensions

Connection group
(kVA) (kV) (%) (kW) (kW) (kg) (LxWxH)(mm)
250 6/0.4 3.5 1.3 2.3 Yy0 3925 2970x930x1595
400 6/0.4 4 1.5 3.1 Yy0 4376 2970x930x1595
400 6/0.69 4 1.5 3.2 Yy0 4250 2970x930x1600
500 6/0.69 3 2.75 2.6 Yy0 4857 3125x930x1325

46
 Fire Damp Transformers

. LV buses 7. Grounding terminal

2. HV bushing 8. Undercarriage

3. Lifting lug 9. Temperature microrelay

4. Name plate 10. Shutter

5. Warning name plate 11. Lifting lugs for housing

6. Alarms name plate 12. Removable cover

47
 Transformers Supplying the Induction Electrical
Furnaces

• Conditions of operation
Furnace capacity t 0.5 1.1 2 3 6.3 12 20
Transformer
KVA 250 400 630 1000 1600 2800 5000
rating
6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000
Primary voltage V 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000
Secondary
V 550-125 550-125 550-125 550-125 550-125 1000-222 2500-500
voltage
Steps number 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Connection
Dyn5 Dyn5 Dyn5 Dyn5 Dyn5 Dyn5 Dyn5
group vectors
800 900 1750 2500 3000 4500 6500
No load losses W
850 1100 1950 7200
6800 7600 8000 12000 21000 26000 38000
Copper losses W
8500
No load current % 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2
Impedance
% 6 6 6 6 7 6 7
voltage
2580 2750 3650 5200 6250 9350 15500
Overall weight Kg
2600 2900 4200 5300 9450 17000
930 960 1250 1600 1850 2850 4100
Oil Weight
1000 1410 1700 5000
48
 Transformers Supplying the Induction Electrical
Furnaces

1. Oil conservator 9. Name plate

2. Oil filling plug
3. Oil level indicator
4. Buchholz relay
5. Tap changer
6. Silicagel breather
7. Untanking part lifting lug
8. Lifting lug
10. Dial type thermometer
11. Oil draining valve
12. Undercarriage
13. Earthing terminal
14. HV bushing
15. LV bushing

49