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Irritability
Irritability is the ability of living organisms
to detect changes in their environment
and respond to it
- Changes in the surroundings or within
the body that the body detects are
called Stimuli (Singular Stimulus) (e.g.
temperature, pain, sound)
- Stimuli causes the body to react, which
is called a Response
- Animals have many sensory organs to
detect stimuli. Response is controlled
by the Nervous System
Neurones:
Nerves in a dissection appear as white threads. These
threads consist of bundles of fibres bound together in one
sheath. Each fibre is also bound by sheath.
Inside the fibres are the long processes from the cell
bodies of nerve cells. A whole nerve cell is called a
Neurone.
The long process that conducts impulses towards a cell
body is called a Dendron.
Axons conducts impulses away from the cell body. Axons
and Dendrons are surrounded by Myelin Sheath. This fatty
sheath acts as an insulator for the electrical activity on the
inside. It causes impulses to pass rapidly from node to
node.
Neurones:
Neurones:
Therefore, the three types of neurones are:
1. Motor Neurone: Takes messages from the CNS to
the effector Organs
2. Sensory Neurone: Takes messages from the
sensory organs to the CNS
3. Relay or Intermediate Neurones: Connects a motor
neurone to a sensory neurone.
Relay Neurone or
Intermediate
Neurone
Reflex Action
When we have sudden sharp pains such as a burn
from a fire, then we very quickly remove our body
from that source of pain.
This action is called the reflex action. The reflex
action is very rapid to avoid harm to the body.
The impulses from the receptor therefore follow a
special pathway through nerves, which does not
involve the brain.
This gives us a quick response because impulses
pass from the sense organs in the skin to the spinal
cord and straight back to the effector muscles.
Reflex Action
Such a reaction is a spinal reflex and the quick
response serves to protect the body from
dangerous external stimuli.
Sense Organs
The sense organs are the organs that receives
stimuli and transmits it to the nervous system for
processing.
There are 5 senses in the human body:
Sense of Sight
Sense of Sound
Sense of Taste
Sense of Touch
Sense of Scent
Sense Organs
The eyes respond to the sense of sight (seeing)
The ears respond to the sense of sound (hearing)
Function
Sclerotic Coat
Choroid
Conjunctiva
Cornea
Aqueous Humour
Lens
Suspensory Ligament
Supports lens
Ciliary Muscle
Function
Provides detailed vision at the centre
Hole through which light passes
Iris
Site of
Production
Purpose
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland
Thyroxin
Thyroid Gland
Site of Production
Purpose
Insulin
Pancreas
Glucagon
Pancreas
Adrenaline
Adrenals
Oestrogen
Ovary
Site of Production
Purpose
Progesterone
Ovary
Testosterone
Testes