Stresses in Pavements

Flexible Pavements

Stresses Due to Point Load

Note: Picture and equations in textbook are incorrect

P
z
2R 2

3z3
3
R

P 3r 2 z
R
r

1
2

2R 2 R3
R z
t

P
z
R

1
2

R z R
2R 2

r
t

Deflections Due to Point Load

Note: Picture and equations in textbook are incorrect

P 1 2 1 z 2
3
uz

2E R
R
u0

P 1
ER

z0
r
uz

Stresses Due to Circular Load

Note: equations are only valid along load centerline

3


z
z o 1

2
2
a z

2a
o

3

2 1 z
o
z
1 2
r

2
2
2
2
2
a z
a z

2
1
z

o
z
1 2
t

2
2
2
2
2
a z
a z

Stresses Due to Circular Load

Note: equations are only valid along load centerline

za

z o 1
2
1 z a

2a
o

2 1 z a
o
za
r

1
2

2
1 z a 2
2
1 z a

2 1 z a
o
za
t

1 2
2
1 z a 2
2
1 z a

Hookes Law
1
z z r t
E
1
r r z t
E
1
t t r z
E

Strains Due to Circular Load

Note: equations are only valid along load centerline
Note: equations in textbook are incorrect
3

1
2 z a
za

z o

1
2

2
1 z a 2
E

1 z a

2 1 z a
1
za

r o

1
2

2
2

2E

1 z a
1 z a

1
2 1 z a
za

1
2
t o

2
2

2E

1 z a
1
z
a

Deflections Due to Circular Load

Note: equations are only valid along load centerline

o a 1
1
1 z a 2 z a

dz z dz
1
2

2
E

z
1 z a

do

2o a 1 2
E

z0

Boussinesq Example
9000-lb dual wheel
with 90-psi tires

6"
A

18"

E = 10 ksi
B

10

Boussinesq Example
9000-lb dual wheel
with 90-psi tires

11.3"

o = 90 psi

6"
A

18"

E = 10 ksi
B

12

Rigid Loading
P

where o

o
2 1 r a

P
is the average pressure on the plate
a2
13

Rigid Loading
P

do

do

oa 1 2
2E

P 1 2
2Ea

textbook equation
14

Rigid vs. Flexible Loading

Flexible Plate
do

flexible

2oa 1

Rigid Plate
2

do

E
2

o a 1 2

do
E

2
dorigid

a
1

o
2
E

oa 1

2E

4
1.27

15

dorigid

0.79
flexible
do
4

Foster & Ahlvin

16

Ahlvin & Ulery

17

Ahlvin and Ulery (1962)

z p A B
r p 2A C 1 2 F

E = function

t p 2A D 1 2 E

E = modulus

pa 1 z

z
A 1 H

E
a

18

(deflection)

Multiple Wheel Loads

Multiple Wheel Loads

L

z
rL

rR
A

A A L r L ,z AR r R ,z
20

Donald Burmister

21

Burmisters Solution

2a
q

h1

E1, 1

h1

E2, 2

E1, 1

E2, 2

22

Burmisters Solution

Surface deflection

23

Burmisters Solution
Vertical Stress

24

Burmister Example
9000-lb dual wheel
with 90-psi tires

h1 = 6"

E1 = 500 ksi
A
E2 = 10 ksi

26

Burmister Example

11.3"

o = 90 psi

h1 = 6"

E1 = 500 ksi
A
E2 = 10 ksi

27

Odemarks Method

E1, 1

h1
A

E2, 2

he

E2, 2

E2, 2

Note: only valid at or below the layer interface

28

Odemarks Method

h1

h13 E1
Stiffness
1 12
A

he

he 3 E 2
Stiffness
1 22
A

E2, 2

E2, 2

Note: only valid at or below the layer interface

29

Odemarks Method
3

3
1

he E 2
h E1

2
2
1 2
1 1
E1 1 2
he h1 3
2
E2 1 1
2

30

Odemarks Method

E1
he h1 3
E2
If we assume

31

1 2

Odemarks Method

E1
he f h1 3
E2
f 0.8 for 2-layer system
f 0.9 for n-layer system
(f 1.0 for first interface)
32

Odemark Example
9000-lb dual wheel
with 90-psi tires

h1 = 6"

E1 = 500 ksi
A

h2 = 12"

E2 = 50 ksi
B
E3 = 10 ksi

33

Odemark Example
11.3"

o = 90 psi

E1 = 500 ksi

h1 = 6"
A
h2 = 12"

E2 = 50 ksi
B
E3 = 10 ksi

34

Odemark Example
11.3"

o = 90 psi

E1 = 500 ksi

h1 = 6"
A

E2 = 50 ksi

35

Odemark Example
11.3"

o = 90 psi

h1e 1.0 6" 3 10 12.9"

A
EE2 ==50
50ksi
ksi
2

36

Odemark Example
11.3"

o = 90 psi

E1 = 500 ksi

h1 = 6"
A
h2 = 12"

E2 = 50 ksi
B
E3 = 10 ksi

37

Odemark Example
11.3"

o = 90 psi

h1e 1.0 6" 3 10 12.9"

A
h2 = 12"

E2 = 50 ksi
B
E3 = 10 ksi

38

Odemark Example
11.3"

o = 90 psi

h2 = 24.9"

E2 = 50 ksi

B
E3 = 10 ksi

39

Odemark Example
11.3"

o = 90 psi

he,2 0.8 24.9" 3 5 34.1"

B
E3 = 10 ksi

40